更新于：2026年4月2日 / 美国东部时间上午7:28 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
海洋考古学家在哥本哈根港海床发现了一艘丹麦战舰的残骸和一名水手的部分下颌骨，这艘战舰在被霍雷肖·纳尔逊上将率领的英国舰队击沉200多年后重见天日。
潜水员在海浪下50英尺处的厚重沉积物中作业，能见度几乎为零，他们正与时间赛跑，赶在这座丹麦海岸外新建住宅区的施工动工前，发掘出这艘19世纪的丹内布罗加号沉船残骸。
主持这场为期数月水下考古工作的丹麦维京船博物馆于周四宣布了这一发现，当天正好是1801年哥本哈根海战225周年纪念日。
“这是丹麦民族情感的重要组成部分，”该馆海洋考古部门主管莫滕·约翰森说道。
一名考古学家指着电脑屏幕，屏幕上显示着1801年哥本哈根海战中沉没的丹麦旗舰“丹内布罗加号”的沉船地图，摄于2026年3月31日丹麦哥本哈根。詹姆斯·布鲁克斯/美联社
“这场战役有很多由狂热旁观者写下的记述，但我们实际上并不清楚在一艘被英国战舰炸成碎片的船上会是怎样的场景，或许我们可以通过观察沉船来了解那段历史，”约翰森说。美联社是唯一获准进入发掘现场的国际媒体。
在哥本哈根海战中，纳尔逊率领英国舰队发动进攻并击败了丹麦海军，当时丹麦海军在港外组成了保护性封锁线。
这场持续数小时的惨烈海战造成数千人伤亡，被视为纳尔逊的“经典战役”之一。英国的作战意图是迫使丹麦退出包括俄罗斯、普鲁士和瑞典在内的北欧强国联盟。
“在船上无异于噩梦”
战斗的核心是丹麦旗舰丹内布罗加号，由海军上校奥弗特·费舍尔指挥。
这艘长157英尺的丹内布罗加号是纳尔逊的主要攻击目标。炮火击穿了其上层甲板，随后燃烧弹引发了船上的火灾。
“在这类战舰上服役无异于噩梦，”约翰森说，“当炮弹击中船只时，对船员造成最大伤害的不是炮弹本身，而是四处飞溅的木质碎片，非常像手榴弹爆炸后的弹片。”
这场战役还催生了“睁一只眼闭一只眼”这一短语。在决定无视上级信号后，右眼失明的纳尔逊 reportedly 说道：“我只有一只眼睛，我偶尔也有理由看不见。”
纳尔逊最终提出休战，后来丹麦王储弗雷德里克同意停火。
受损严重的丹内布罗加号缓缓向北漂流并发生爆炸。史料记载，爆炸的巨响震彻了整个哥本哈根。
历史学家去年10月告诉英国广播公司，四年后的1805年，纳尔逊被法国狙击手击毙，他的船员将他的遗体浸泡在白兰地中运回国内，而非海葬。
海洋考古学家已经发现了两门大炮、制服、徽章、鞋子、瓶子，甚至还有一名水手的下颌骨部分残骸，这名水手可能是当日19名下落不明的遇难船员之一。
丹麦维京船博物馆海洋考古部门主管莫滕·约翰森展示从丹麦旗舰“丹内布罗加号”残骸中打捞上来的人类下颌骨部分遗骸，摄于2026年3月31日。詹姆斯·布鲁克斯/美联社
该发掘现场很快将被林内特霍尔姆的建筑工程覆盖，这是一项在哥本哈根港中部建造新住宅区的巨型项目，预计2070年完工。
海洋考古学家去年年底开始对该区域进行勘测，目标锁定在一个被认为与该旗舰最终沉没位置相符的地点。
“你能更贴近船上的人们”
专家表示，发现的木质部件尺寸与旧图纸相符。树木年代学测年法——通过树木年轮确定木材年代——也与该船的建造年份吻合。他们还表示，这片被淤泥搅浑的漆黑发掘现场布满了炮弹，对潜水员来说是一大安全隐患。
“有时候你什么都看不见，这时你真的只能摸索前进，用手指代替眼睛来探查，”潜水员兼海洋考古学家玛丽·约恩松说道。
这场1801年的海战被载入书籍、绘入画布，深深根植于丹麦的民族记忆之中。
考古学家希望他们的发现有助于重新审视这场塑造了这个斯堪的纳维亚国家的事件，或许还能揭开225年前那些参战者的个人故事。
“这里有瓶子、陶瓷器，甚至还有编织篮的碎片，”约恩松说，“你能更贴近船上的人们。”
丹麦维京船博物馆海洋考古部门主管莫滕·约翰森展示从丹麦旗舰“丹内布罗加号”残骸中打捞上来的金属徽章，摄于2026年3月31日。詹姆斯·布鲁克斯/美联社
就在这一发现公布几周前，一艘在瑞典斯德哥尔摩水下埋藏了400年的17世纪瑞典海军沉船残骸因波罗的海海平面异常降低而意外露出水面。
2024年，档案人员打开了在第二次哥本哈根海战中被英国海军缴获的“安妮-玛丽”号货船的包裹，发现了一件毛衣、长筒袜、银币和该船的其他物品。
2023年，潜水员在英格兰南部海岸外发现了一艘1672年沉没的荷兰战舰。
Wreck of Danish warship, remains of sailor found 225 years after attack by Horatio Nelson’s British fleet
Updated on: April 2, 2026 / 7:28 AM EDT / CBS/AP
More than 200 years after being sunk by Adm. Horatio Nelson and the British fleet, a Danish warship and part of a sailor’s jaw have been discovered on the seabed of Copenhagen Harbor by marine archaeologists.
Working in thick sediment and almost zero visibility 50 feet beneath the waves, divers are in a race against time to unearth the 19th-century wreck of the Dannebroge before it becomes a construction site in a new housing district being built off the Danish coast.
Denmark’s Viking Ship Museum, which is leading the monthslong underwater excavations, announced its findings on Thursday, 225 years to the day since the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801.
“It’s a big part of the Danish national feeling,” said Morten Johansen, the museum’s head of maritime archaeology.
An archaeologist points to a computer screen showing a map of the wreck of Danish flagship “Dannebroge” that sank during the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801, in Copenhagen, Denmark, March 31, 2026. James Brooks/AP
A great deal has been written about the battle “by very enthusiastic spectators, but we actually don’t know how it was to be onboard a ship being shot to pieces by English warships and some of that story we can probably learn from seeing the wreck,” Johansen said. The Associated Press was the only international outlet given access to the site.
In the Battle of Copenhagen, Nelson and the British fleet attacked and defeated Denmark’s navy as it formed a protective blockade outside the harbor.
Thousands were killed and wounded during the brutal hourslong naval clash, considered one of Nelson’s “great battles.” The intention was to force Denmark out of an alliance of Northern European powers, including Russia, Prussia and Sweden.
“A nightmare to be on board”
At the center of the fighting was the Danish flagship, the Dannebroge, commanded by Commodore Olfert Fischer.
The 157-foot Dannebroge was Nelson’s main target. Cannon fire tore through its upper deck before incendiary shells sparked a fire aboard.
“(It was) a nightmare to be on board one of these ships,” Johansen said. “When a cannonball hits a ship, it’s not the cannonball that does the most damage to the crew, it’s wooden splinters flying everywhere, very much like grenade debris.”
The battle also is believed to have inspired the phrase “to turn a blind eye.” After deciding to ignore a superior’s signal, Nelson, who had lost sight in his right eye, reportedly remarked: “I have only one eye, I have a right to be blind sometimes.”
Nelson eventually offered a truce and a ceasefire was later agreed with Denmark’s Crown Prince Frederik.
The stricken Dannebroge slowly drifted northward and exploded. Records say the sound created a deafening roar across Copenhagen.
Four years later, in 1805, Nelson was killed by a French sniper and his crew pickled his body in brandy so that he could returned home and not buried at sea, historians told the BBC last October.
Marine archaeologists have discovered two cannons, uniforms, insignia, shoes, bottles and even part of a sailor’s lower jaw, perhaps one of the 19 unaccounted-for crew members who likely lost their lives that day.
Morten Johansen, head of maritime archaeology at Denmark’s Viking Ship Museum, shows part of a human lower jawbone recovered from the wreck of Danish flagship “Dannebroge,” March 31, 2026. James Brooks/AP
The dig site will soon be enveloped by construction work for Lynetteholm, a megaproject to build a new housing district in the middle of Copenhagen Harbor that is expected to be completed by 2070.
Marine archaeologists began surveying the area late last year, targeting a spot thought to match the flagship’s final position.
“You get closer to the people onboard”
Experts say the sizes of the wooden parts found match old drawings. Dendrochronological dating, the method of using tree rings to establish the age of wood, match the year the ship was built. They also say the darkened dig site is full of cannonballs, a hazard for divers navigating waters darkened by clouds of silt stirred up from the seabed.
“Sometimes you can’t see anything, and then you really have to just feel your way, look with your fingers instead of with your eyes,” diver and maritime archaeologist Marie Jonsson said.
Chronicled in books and painted on canvases, the 1801 battle is deeply embedded in Denmark’s national story.
Archaeologists hope their discoveries may help reexamine the event that shaped the Scandinavian country and perhaps uncover personal stories of those who went into battle on that day 225 years ago.
“There are bottles, there are ceramics, and even pieces of basketry,” Jonsson said. “You get closer to the people onboard.”
Morten Johansen, head of maritime archaeology at Denmark’s Viking Ship Museum, shows a metal insignia recovered from the wreck of Danish flagship “Dannebroge,” March 31, 2026. James Brooks/AP
The discovery was announced just weeks after a 17th century Swedish Navy shipwreck buried underwater in Stockholm for 400 years suddenly became visible due to unusually low Baltic Sea levels.
In 2024, archivists opened parcels from the Anne-Marie cargo ship, which was seized by the British Navy during the Second Battle of Copenhagen, finding a sweater, stockings, silver coins and other items from the ship.
In 2023, divers discovered a Dutch warship off the coast of southern England that sank in 1672.