2026年5月3日 美国东部时间上午9:16 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者
塞思·杜恩 特派记者
塞思·杜恩自2016年起驻意大利罗马，是屡获殊荣的哥伦比亚广播公司新闻特派记者。他曾报道欧洲各地的恐怖袭击和突发新闻，随教皇方济各出访报道梵蒂冈事务，还就移民、气候变化等诸多议题发表过报道。
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我们时刻被轰炸、被诱惑，或是两者兼而有之——酒店、航空公司、社交媒体网红、邮轮公司，甚至我们自己的朋友都在精心策划、发布内容，引诱我们出门旅行。人们往往忽略了人群和长队——如今度假或住在旅游胜地可能遭遇的烦心事。
“当我们看到某个社区为游客提供的服务开始超过本地居民时，问题就开始出现了，”驻巴黎作家佩奇·麦克拉纳汉说道。“而这也是反对声浪开始出现的地方，比如我们在巴塞罗那等地看到的反旅游抗议活动。”
拥有数十年旅游行业报道经验的麦克拉纳汉表示，旅游业是一股巨大的经济力量。“从全球范围来看，旅游业占全球经济总量的10%，”她说。“全球大约每10个工作岗位中就有一个来自旅游业。”
特派记者塞思·杜恩与记者佩奇·麦克拉纳汉在巴黎卢浮宫博物馆外。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
在她的著作《新游客》中，麦克拉纳汉追溯了旅游指南、低成本航空公司，以及如今的社交媒体如何推动旅游热潮。1950年，全球游客入境人数为2500万。如今这一数字已超过15亿。
许多游客的必打卡清单上都有一处地点：巴黎卢浮宫。它是全球参观人数最多的博物馆。“这显然是一处标志性景点，”麦克拉纳汉说。“但它也完美体现了我们一直在讨论的一些压力。”
2025年6月，卢浮宫员工举行罢工，原因是景区无法应对拥挤的人流。
“旅游业似乎正迎来一个成熟节点，各地景区终于意识到，旅游业需要监管、需要征税、需要城市规划法规，也需要实体基础设施，”麦克拉纳汉说。“与此同时，游客们，我们旅行者本身，也开始意识到我们的到访给当地带来的影响。”
2005年4月6日，游客们在巴黎卢浮宫争相观赏蒙娜丽莎。拉斐尔·盖亚尔/伽马-拉福通讯社 盖蒂图片社
那么，社交媒体对旅游行业来说是好事还是坏事？“两者都是！”麦克拉纳汉回答道。“两者都是。”
不妨看看这些例子：冰岛一处峡谷在贾斯汀·比伯的音乐视频吸引过多游客后被迫关闭；意大利多洛米蒂山区的一名农民为抗议人流，安装了旋转门对前往网红打卡点的游客收费。
还有这座脆弱的城市……
威尼斯：游客泛滥成灾
每年约有3000万游客来到威尼斯——这大约是当地人口的600倍。2024年，该市对日间游客征收5至10欧元的高峰时段入场费，以此应对游客扎堆的问题。
2026年4月3日，游客挤满威尼斯里亚托桥。这座联合国世界遗产名城吸引了数千万游客。埃马努埃莱·克雷马斯基/盖蒂图片社
威尼斯还曾尝试禁止大型邮轮进入，但游客依旧络绎不绝。意大利另一海岸的波托菲诺也出台了新规定，规范游客行为。
今年夏天，当波托菲诺禁止在主要街道和广场饮酒或席地而坐时，警察局长朱塞皮娜·基亚雷洛新增了执勤任务。高峰时段还禁止赤脚或赤膊，违规者最高将面临500欧元的罚款。
她有没有收到过游客的投诉？“没有，我们没有收到任何投诉，”基亚雷洛说。“总体而言，大家都能理解。我们解释说，这里虽然临海，但也是极具知名度的中心区域，尊重并欣赏这座城市是理所应当的。”
欧洲各国都在尝试规范旅游业。西班牙开始拆除数万处非法爱彼迎短租房源，并推出逐年递减的税费政策，以鼓励游客延长停留时间。
当被问及旅游目的地和城市应该采取哪些措施时，麦克拉纳汉说：“这其实不是个吸引人的话题，但有一个非常有趣的工具就是旅游税，我们在阿姆斯特丹就能看到这一点。该市已将旅游税上调至12.5%，是目前欧洲最高的。”
阿姆斯特丹：北方威尼斯
阿姆斯特丹以运河闻名，如今越来越多的标签是拥挤的人群。这座城市居民不足100万，2024年接待游客量达到创纪录的2300万人次。“某一时刻，居民们开始发声抗议，”阿努什卡·特劳施克说，她曾经营一家她所谓的“典型”旅游公司。但她坦言自己内心充满矛盾：“你感觉自己像是这座城市的大使。但另一方面，你又会觉得自己是问题的一部分。”
2024年，阿姆斯特丹接待游客量达到创纪录的2300万人次。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
特劳施克组织社区座谈会，共同 brainstorm 解决过度旅游的方案，并创立了“有意义之旅”项目，定制游览路线，通常会前往游客较少的区域，比如乘坐渡轮前往北阿姆斯特丹，那里的一处前造船厂就是她的游览路线之一。
但考虑到每年有超过2000万游客涌入这座城市，这难道只是杯水车薪吗？“你可能会这么想，”她说，“但‘有意义之旅’已经成为先锋运动的重要组成部分。不过我们仍面临着大规模旅游业亟需转型的问题。”
埃德温·斯科尔文克正推动这场转型。他在这座世界闻名的红灯区生活了33年，这里以橱窗和性工作者著称。但他说，他的朋友们再也不愿来这里游玩了。为什么？“因为游客太多了，”他说。
最近，他终于能在家中多享受几分宁静。这个经常喧闹的街区已禁止导游带团参观，酒吧也必须提前关门。他还加入了一个名为“我们住在这里”的社区运动。“其目的是向到访这片区域的游客展示，这里不只有派对，也是居民区，”他说。
“我们住在这里”是正在推进的多项举措之一。经济学家贾斯珀·范戴克表示：“我认为这些努力很棒。确实很棒，但还远远不够。”
范戴克是起诉阿姆斯特丹市未能遵守商定的2000万游客上限的组织成员之一。“该市确实采取了一些措施，”他说，“我认为我们也是欧洲的先行者之一。但我们认为，行动太晚了。我们本可以做得更多。”他认为，进一步提高旅游税可以减少游客数量。
斯克里布纳出版社
《星期日早间》栏目曾向阿姆斯特丹市提出诸多问题，但未能采访到任何人。市长、负责旅游事务的副市长，甚至与该市合作的营销机构均拒绝了我们的采访请求。
颇具讽刺意味的是，十年前，该市凭借“我在阿姆斯特丹”的营销大获成功，后来却又发起了另一项活动，鼓励喧闹的游客远离此地。佩奇·麦克拉纳汉说：“在太多情况下，城市必须等到濒临崩溃的临界点，才会醒悟过来，意识到需要像这样投入资源。”
她表示，解决方案必须贴合每个社区的实际情况，但部分责任也落在我们这些旅行者身上。“旅游业最终是会成为世界向善的力量，还是会变成更具破坏性、更具挑战性的力量，其实取决于我们的选择，”麦克拉纳汉说。“如果我们都能携手共进，以旅游业应得的尊重、审视和责任来对待它，那么我们就能运用自身力量，将旅游业转变为造福人类的建设性力量。”
Overtourism: Too much of a good thing?
2026-05-03 9:16 AM EDT / CBS News
By
Seth Doane Correspondent
Seth Doane is an award-winning CBS News correspondent based in Rome, Italy since 2016. Doane has covered terrorist attacks and breaking news across Europe, traveled with Pope Francis as part of his coverage of the Vatican, and has reported on issues ranging from migration to climate change.
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We are bombarded, lured, or both, as hotels, airlines, social media influencers, cruise companies, and our own friends curate, post and tempt us to travel. What’s often cropped out are the crowds and long lines – the frustrations that can come with vacationing today, or living in a vacation destination.
“Where we see neighborhoods starting to serve tourists more than residents, that’s where we start to see problems,” said Paris-based writer Paige McClanahan. “And that’s where we start to see pushbacks, like we’ve seen some anti-tourism protests in places like Barcelona.”
McClanahan, who has covered travel and tourism for decades, says tourism is a huge economic force. “Globally, tourism is 10% of the global economy,” she said. “It’s about one in 10 jobs around the world.”
Correspondent Seth Doane with journalist Paige McClanahan outside the Louvre Museum in Paris. CBS News
In her book, The New Tourist, McClanahan traces how guidebooks, low-cost airlines, and now social media are fueling a surge in travel. In 1950, there were 25 million tourist arrivals around the world. Today there’s more than 1.5 billion.
One place on many tourists’ checklists: The Louvre in Paris. It’s the world’s most-visited museum. “It’s obviously an iconic spot,” McClanahan said. “It’s also a spot that really epitomizes some of the pressures that we’ve been talking about.”
In June 2025, Louvre employees went on strike because of its inability to cope with the crowds.
“It feels like tourism is having a coming-of-age moment, where destinations are really waking up to the fact that tourism is something that needs regulation, it needs taxes, it needs urban planning laws, it needs physical infrastructure,” said McClanahan. “At the same time, tourists, we travelers, are also waking up to the impact of our presence in places.”
Visitors angle for a view of the Mona Lisa at the Louvre in Paris, April 6, 2005. Raphael GAILLARDE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images
So, has social media been good or bad for travel? “Yes!” McClanahan replied. “Yes to both.”
Consider this: A canyon in Iceland had to be closed after a Justin Bieber music video attracted too many tourists. A farmer in Italy’s Dolomites protested crowds by installing a turnstile to charge to get to Instagrammable spots.
Then, there’s this fragile city…
A flood of tourists in Venice
Each year around 30 million visitors come to Venice – that’s about 600 times the local population. In 2024 the city implemented a fee for daytrippers of 5 to 10 Euros at peak times – one way to combat the crush of tourists.
Tourists crowd onto the Ponte di Rialto bridge in Venice, April 3, 2026. The Italian city, a UNESCO World Heritage treasure, draws tens of millions of visitors. Emanuele Cremaschi / Getty Images
Venice has also tried banning massive cruise ships – but tourists still come. Portofino, on Italy’s other coast, added new rules to manage the behavior of those already there.
Police commander Chiarello Giuseppina got new duties this past summer when Portofino banned drinking alcohol or sitting on the ground in main streets and squares. Also off-limits in peak times: being barefoot or shirtless. There’s an up to 500 Euro fine.
Does she ever hear complaints from visitors? “No, we have no complaints,” Giuseppina said. “In general, people understand. We explain that we are, yes, on the sea, but we are in a very famous center, and it’s correct to respect and enjoy the town.”
Across Europe, countries are trying to regulate tourism. Spain started removing tens of thousands of illegal Airbnbs, and introduced taxes which decrease over time to encourage longer stays.
Asked what tourist destinations and cities should do, McClanahan said, “It’s not the sexiest topic really, but one really interesting tool is a tourism tax, and we’re seeing that in Amsterdam. They’ve upped the tourist tax to 12.5%, which is currently the highest in Europe.”
Amsterdam: Venice of the North
Amsterdam is known for its canals, and more and more its crowds. Home to fewer than one million residents, it saw a record 23 million tourists in 2024. “At a certain point, residents started to raise their voices,” said Anouschka Trauschke, who used to manage what she calls a “typical” tour company. But she says she had an inner conflict: “You feel like an ambassador of the city. But on the other side, you were feeling that you were part of a problem.”
Amsterdam registered a record 23 million tourists in 2024. CBS News
Trauschke organizes community sessions to brainstorm solutions to overtourism, and started Tours That Matter, which tailors visits, often touring less-trafficked spots, like taking the ferry to North Amsterdam, where a former shipyard is on one of her tours.
But is it just a drop in the bucket, considering the more than 20 million tourists that come to the city? “That’s what you would think,” she said, “but with Tours That Matter, we’ve been very much part of a pioneer movement. And then we still have this large, large tourism that is just asking for transition.”
Edwin Scholvinck is pushing for that transition. For 33 years he’s lived in the city’s world-famous red-light district, known for its windows and sex workers. But he says his friends won’t come visit anymore. Why? “Because there are too many tourists,” he said.
Lately, he has been able to find a little more peace at home. Guided tours are no longer allowed in the often-noisy neighborhood, and bars must close earlier. He’s also joined a community campaign called We Live Here. “The idea is to show the visitors to this area that there’s not only party, but there’s also a residential area,” he said.
We Live Here is one of several different efforts underway. Economist Jasper van Dijk says, “I think those efforts are great. It’s great, but it’s not enough.”
Van Dijk is part of a group trying to sue the city of Amsterdam for not adhering to an agreed-upon cap of 20 million tourists. “The city definitely took measures,” he said, “and I think we’re also one of the front-runners in Europe. But we’re saying it’s quite a little too late. We can do way more.” He thinks even higher tourist taxes would cut down on the numbers.
Scribner
“Sunday Morning” had plenty of questions for the City of Amsterdam, but could not get anyone to talk with us. The Mayor, the Deputy Mayor involved in tourism, even the marketing agency working with the city each declined our request to be interviewed.
The irony is that ten years ago, the city had so much success with its marketing campaign, I amsterdam, that it later launched another campaign encouraging rowdy visitors to stay away. Paige McClanahan said, “In too many cases you have to get to sort of a breaking point before the city wakes up and realizes they need to invest like this.”
She says solutions need to be catered to each community, but some of the responsibility lies on those of us travelling. “Whether tourism is going to be more of a force for good in the world or more of a destructive force, a challenging force, is really up to us to decide,” McClanahan said. “If we all come together and treat tourism with the respect and the scrutiny and the responsibility that it deserves, then we can use our power to turn tourism into a constructive force for humanity.”