2026-07-02 08:32:00 EDT / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
露露·格里宾在佛罗里达海岸遭遇鲨鱼袭击并幸存时年仅15岁。她失去了左手、部分右腿，险些丧命。
2024年那天她下水时并不知道，就在90分钟前、仅3英里外的海滩处，另一名女性被鲨鱼咬伤。她表示，如果当时知道之前发生了袭击，绝对不会下水游泳。
格里宾的经历推动了一项新的联邦立法，授权向手机发送紧急警报，在当地发生鲨鱼咬人事件时提醒海滩游客。
特朗普总统上周签署了《露露法案》，要求联邦通信委员会允许发送此类紧急信息。这项由格里宾倡导推动的立法，将鲨鱼袭击列为可发布紧急警报的事件类型，从而授权发出相关预警。具体的预警实施将由各州负责。格里宾的家乡阿拉巴马州已于去年批准了类似的预警系统，该法案由州共和党众议员戴维·福尔克纳提出。
2025年4月，在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利的州议会大厦，2024年遭遇鲨鱼袭击幸存的阿拉巴马州少女露露·格里宾（左二）与律师查兰娜·斯卡格斯（右二）、州议员戴维·福尔克纳（右）交谈。美联社图片/金·钱德勒 资料图
“这实在是一项合乎情理的立法。它规定，只要你所在的附近区域发生了鲨鱼袭击，就会向你的手机发送警报，完全类似于儿童被绑架时的安珀警报系统运作方式，”她说道。
格里宾表示，她希望这套警报系统能帮助阻止类似她遭遇的袭击事件。“我坚信这项法律未来会发挥作用，能够有希望挽救生命，我对此感到非常兴奋，”她说。
格里宾回忆鲨鱼袭击经历
2024年6月7日，在佛罗里达狭长海岸，她是当天三名被鲨鱼咬伤的人之一。
当时她正和母亲一起前往佛罗里达狭长海岸旅行。格里宾说，她和朋友当时正在潜水捡拾沙钱。
“突然间我最好的朋友大喊‘鲨鱼！’，于是我们所有人都开始拼命往岸边游，”格里宾回忆道。她记得鲨鱼会被慌乱的溅水声吸引，于是大喊让所有人保持冷静。当时离鲨鱼最近的格里宾被咬伤了。
“鲨鱼先咬掉了我的手，我把胳膊举出水面，当时只剩下血肉和骨头，”格里宾说。随后鲨鱼又咬住了她的腿。一名男子将鲨鱼从她身上打跑，海滩上的陌生人赶来施救。她被直升机送往附近医院。
医生保住了这名少女的生命，但不得不截去她右腿的一部分。
在医院里，格里宾坚定地选择积极面对，永不放弃。
最初得知“自己只剩下两条健全的肢体，人生将彻底改变”时，她一度陷入挣扎。
“我会哭着问妈妈，‘为什么这件事会发生在我身上？’那天我们在床头柜上放了一句圣经经文：‘在神凡事都能。’妈妈还告诉我，你的外表不能定义你，内在的你才是真正的你。我想这句话在过去两年的康复过程中一直伴随着我。”
“我的外表如何并不重要，只要我能传递积极能量，激励他人保持坚强、永不放弃，”她说。
格里宾安装了假肢，很快重新学会了走路，重返运动场并拿到了驾照。她再次回到了海里，还学会了冲浪，并结识了职业冲浪运动员贝瑟尼·汉密尔顿——后者也曾在鲨鱼袭击中失去一只手臂。
阿拉巴马州联邦参议员凯蒂·布里特，也就是这项法案的发起人，表示这项立法之所以能通过，要归功于这名少女“为保护未来海滩游客所展现出的勇气、毅力和倡导行动”。
“凭借她的坚强意志，生命将因此改变。我们都应该从她身上获得灵感，”布里特说。
专家指出：鲨鱼咬伤并不常见
佛罗里达自然历史博物馆鲨鱼研究项目主任加文·内尔表示，虽然美国近海常见鲨鱼，但鲨鱼伤人事件十分罕见。
他说，全球每年已知的无端袭击人类事件有60至80起。在近距离范围内有两人或多人被咬伤的情况极为罕见。他表示，在国际鲨鱼袭击档案数据库中，单日发生多起咬伤事件的案例仅有少数几起。
他说，出现这种情况可能是因为环境因素，比如鲨鱼尾随鱼群靠近岸边。浑浊的海水也是一个因素，因为这会增加鲨鱼将人类误认成鱼类或海豹的概率。
内尔说，在格里宾遭遇袭击的海域，近海始终有20至30头牛鲨。根据环保组织的消息，大白鲨在新英格兰和加拿大大西洋沿岸的寒冷水域出现的频率更高。一款名为“鲨鱼动态”的智能手机应用程序也允许鲨鱼观察员上报目击情况。
这些目击报告可能会让人们感到不安，但内尔表示，重要的是要记住鲨鱼袭击非常罕见。
“如果鲨鱼想吃人，我们每天会有大约1万起咬伤事件。如今这类事件如此之少，恰恰证明鲨鱼一直在尽力避开人类，而非主动攻击人类，”内尔说。
格里宾表示，她更希望人们有机会获取信息，自行做出保护自己的决定，而不是在毫不知情的情况下下水。
2015年在夏威夷大岛北岸遭遇大型虎鲨袭击的布拉克斯顿·罗查表示，他支持这套警报系统。他认为人们，尤其是岛上的游客，会希望了解这类信息。
罗查当时正在水下捕鱼，看到了那条大型鲨鱼。“那看起来像一辆巴士或是一艘潜艇。那是我当时在海里见过的最大的东西，”罗查说。他开始往岸边游。当他回头查看鲨鱼的位置时，那只动物就在他眼前。他试图推开鲨鱼，但对方体型太大、力量太强。鲨鱼咬住了他的腿。罗查一拳打在鲨鱼鼻子上，鲨鱼松口游走了。
“一切都发生得太快了，几乎就像被闪电击中一样。我当时还有点懵。低头一看，只见大量鲜血从我的腿上喷涌而出，”他说。
他腿上的巨大伤口用了近100根订书钉才缝合。但这次经历并没有削弱罗查对海洋和野生动物的热爱。“我一直都很喜欢鲨鱼，”罗查说。
Shark attack alerts for cellphones authorized by new federal law
2026-07-02 08:32:00 EDT / CBS/AP
Lulu Gribbin was 15 when she survived a shark attack off the coast of Florida. She lost her left hand, part of her right leg and almost her life.
What she didn’t know when she entered the water on that day in 2024 was that another woman had been bitten by a shark 90 minutes earlier and just 3 miles down the beach. Had she known about the earlier attack, there is no way she would have been swimming, she said.
Gribbin’s story has inspired new federal legislation to authorize emergency alerts to mobile phones to warn beachgoers when a shark has bitten someone in the area.
President Trump last week signed “Lulu’s Law,” which requires the Federal Communications Commission to allow the emergency messages. The legislation, which Gribbin advocated for, authorizes the warnings by classifying a shark attack as an event for which an emergency alert can be issued. It is up to states to implement the warnings. Gribbin’s home state of Alabama approved such a warning system last year. It was sponsored by Republican State Rep. David Faulkner.
Lulu Gribbin, second from left, an Alabama teenager who survived a shark attack in 2024, speaks with attorney Charlanna Skaggs, second from right, and Alabama lawmaker Rep. David Faulkner, right, at the Alabama Statehouse in Montgomery, Ala., in April 2025. AP Photo / Kim Chandler, File
“It’s really just common-sense legislation. It says that whenever there has been a shark attack in a certain area where you are near, it will send an alert to your phone, exactly like how an Amber Alert system works when a child is abducted,” she said.
Gribbin said she hopes the alert system will help prevent attacks like hers. “I definitely see this law working in the future and I’m really excited to hopefully save lives,” she said.
Gribbin recalls shark attack
Gribbin was one of three people bitten by a shark on June 7, 2024, off the Florida Panhandle.
She was on a mother-daughter trip to the Florida Panhandle. Gribbin said she and her friend had been diving for sand dollars.
“All of the sudden my best friend yelled, ‘Shark!’ and so we all started swimming for our lives,” Gribbin recalled. She said she remembered that sharks are attracted to frantic splashing and yelled for everyone to be calm. Gribbin, who was closest to the shark, was bitten.
“The shark bit off my hand first, and I raised my arm out of the water, and there was just flesh and bone there,” Gribbin said. The shark then latched onto her leg. A man punched the shark off her and strangers on the beach rushed to help. She was flown by helicopter to a nearby hospital.
Doctors were able to save the teen’s life but had to amputate part of her right leg.
In the hospital, Gribbin made a deliberate decision to choose joy and to never give up.
She initially struggled knowing “that I only have two regular limbs, and that my life would be completely different.”
“I would cry, and I would ask my mom, ‘Why is it happening to me?’ And on that day, we put a Bible verse on my bedside table that said, ‘With God, all things are possible.’ And then she told me that what you look like doesn’t define you, it’s who you are on the inside. And so, I think that stuck with me throughout my whole recovery the past two years.
“It doesn’t matter what I look like, as long as I’m spreading positivity and inspiring others to stay strong and to never give up,” she said.
Gribbin was fitted with prosthetic limbs, quickly regained her ability to walk, returned to sports and got her driver’s license. She has gone back in the water and learned to surf, meeting Bethany Hamilton, a professional surfer who lost her arm in a shark attack.
U.S. Sen. Katie Britt, the Alabama Republican who sponsored the measure, said the legislation happened because of the teen’s “courage, perseverance, and advocacy to protect future beachgoers.”
“Because of her strength, lives will be changed. We should all be inspired by her,” Britt said.
Shark bites are uncommon, expert points out
While sharks are commonly found in the waters off the United States, shark bites are rare, said Gavin Naylor, director of the Florida Museum of Natural History’s shark research program.
There are between 60 to 80 known unprovoked bites worldwide each year, he said. It’s extremely rare that two or more people are bitten in close proximity. He said in a database of known shark bites, called the International Shark Attack File, there have only been a few instances of multiple bites in a single day.
When that happens, he said it’s likely because of environmental conditions such as sharks following schools of bait fish closer to the shore. Murky water conditions can also be a factor because they increase the chance that a shark will mistake a person for a fish or seal.
In the area where Gribbin was bitten, there are about 20 to 30 bull sharks offshore at all times, Naylor said. Great white sharks have been spotted more frequently in the chilly waters of New England and Atlantic Canada, according to conservation groups. A smartphone app called Sharktivity also enables shark spotters to report their sightings.
The sightings might unnerve people, but Naylor said it’s important to remember that shark attacks are rare.
“If sharks wanted to eat people, we’d have about 10,000 bites a day. The fact that we have so few is basically testament to the fact that the sharks are doing their level best to avoid people, not to target them,” Naylor said.
Gribbin said she would rather people have the opportunity to get information and make decisions about protecting themselves than to go into the water without knowing.
Braxton Rocha, who was bitten by a large tiger shark off the north shore of the Big Island of Hawaii, said he liked the idea of an alert system. He thinks it is information that people, particularly tourists to the island, will want to know.
Rocha was spearfishing in 2015 when he saw the large shark. “Looked like a bus or submarine. She was the biggest thing I’d seen in the ocean at that time,” Rocha said. He started making his way to shore. When he looked back to check where the shark was, the animal was right in front of him. He tried to push the shark away, but the animal was too big and powerful. It latched onto his leg. Rocha punched it in the nose and the shark let go and swam away.
“Everything happened so fast. It was almost like being struck by lightning. I was still kind of out of it. I looked down and see giant clouds of blood just bursting out of my leg,” he said.
It took nearly 100 staples to repair the gaping wound on his leg. But the experience did not dampen Rocha’s enthusiasm for the ocean and wildlife. “I’ve always loved sharks,” Rocha said.