2026-04-30T17:07:25-0400 / https://www.cbsnews.com/news/redistricting-2026-midterm-elections-supreme-court/
美国路易斯安那州务卿周四宣布，在美国最高法院前一日推翻该州国会选区划分方案后，该州将暂停5月16日的众议院初选。
最高法院周三就路易斯安那州国会选区划分作出的裁决可能对多个南部州产生影响，因为该裁决削弱了《投票权法案》中有关少数族裔占多数选区的相关条款。
据哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）的分析，在共和党人的理想情境中，许多南部州可以重新划分选区、顶住法律挑战，并在2026年中期选举中总共新增1至9个对共和党友好的选区。随着更多州在最高法院裁决后重新划定选区边界，这一数字预计在2028年选举周期还会增长。
但2026年共和党人若想进一步重划选区，面临一大障碍：时间。
许多州要么已经举行了初选、初选即将到来，要么已经过了候选人登记参选的截止日期。相关法律挑战在所难免，而在选举临近之际对选区地图进行最后时刻的修改，可能会违反“珀塞尔原则”——该原则规定联邦法院不得在选举临近时更改投票或选举规则。
2026年面临的另一个障碍是共和党的选举环境并不乐观，这源于选民对经济的不满以及美国持续对伊朗发动战争。
“即便你划出一个特朗普支持率高7个百分点甚至高10个百分点的选区，可能也不够。那为何不等到2028年选举周期，那时或许对本党更有利？”布伦南中心民主项目高级法律顾问迈克尔·李说道。
尽管共和党活动人士呼吁在包括佐治亚州和南卡罗来纳州在内的多个由共和党控制的州调整选区划分方案，但以下几个州可能会在今年11月的中期选举前尝试重新划定选区边界：
路易斯安那州（预计新增1至2个共和党席位）
原定于5月16日举行的初选提前投票本应于5月2日启动，选票也已印制完毕。州务卿南希·兰德里周四表示，包括该州参议院竞选在内的其他初选将按计划进行，并将在所有投票站点张贴公告，告知众议院初选已暂停。
“根据18:401.1(B)条款，鉴于最高法院的裁决，我已确认进入紧急状态。这是州长发布行政命令暂停即将到来的路易斯安那州联邦众议院选举前的必要步骤，”兰德里在社交媒体的一份声明中说道。
在周四签署的一项行政命令中，共和党州长杰夫·兰德里鼓励州议会通过新的国会选区划分方案，并“尽快”安排选举。特朗普总统周四感谢兰德里在最高法院作出裁决后迅速采取行动重新划定选区边界。
路易斯安那州总检察长莉兹·默里尔周三告诉CBS新闻，该州可能会恢复使用原有的选区划分方案——仅保留一个黑人选民占多数的选区，即便更改该州5月初选的日期是一项“艰巨任务”。原方案中，共和党在5个选区占据优势，民主党仅掌控1个选区。
根据州共和党议员的激进程度，新的划分方案可能会通过拆分现有黑人选民占多数的选区，新增1至2个倾向共和党的席位。据美国人口普查数据，该州黑人人口占比近三分之一。
“鉴于我们在全美各地看到的情况，我们最终完全有可能拥有6个没有非洲裔或民主党代表的国会选区，”民主党众议员特洛伊·卡特周三对CBS新闻说道。
“现实情况是，这远比路易斯安那州本身影响深远。这可能会影响国会黑人核心小组多达19或20个席位。它还会影响学校董事会、市议会以及立法席位。事实上，这是一次将时钟倒拨至1965年之前的爆炸性举动，”他补充道。
佛罗里达州（预计新增4个共和党席位）
共和党州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯提出的一项选区划分方案已于周三在州议会获得通过，正等待他签署。该方案拟通过取消或缩减坦帕、奥兰多以及该州东南海岸部分地区的民主党倾向选区，新增4个更倾向共和党的席位。
德桑蒂斯的法律顾问团队早已预料到美国最高法院的这项裁决，并辩称这意味着他们无需遵守本州宪法“公平选区修正案”中的种族相关要求。
“正如路易斯安那州‘有意遵守法院要求，明确承认种族在选区划分中发挥了作用’一样，佛罗里达州有意遵守[公平选区修正案]也将构成这样一种承认，”德桑蒂斯的总法律顾问戴维·阿克塞尔曼在州议员就选区划分方案进行辩论时致 lawmakers 的一封信中写道。
民主党选举律师马克·伊利亚斯已承诺在法庭上挑战该选区方案。
田纳西州（预计新增1个共和党席位）
州长候选人、现任联邦参议员玛莎·布莱克本已多次呼吁田纳西州议会重新召开会议，为2026年选举重新划定选区边界。布莱克本提出的方案可能会导致共和党与民主党席位比例达到9:0，具体做法是拆分涵盖孟菲斯的田纳西州第9选区，稀释黑人选民的投票力量。
该州国会初选定于8月6日举行，不过3月份的候选人登记截止日期已经过去。共和党州长比尔·李尚未呼吁召开重划选区的特别会议，但该州众议院共和党党鞭、州众议员约翰尼·加雷特已表态支持布莱克本的方案。
“田纳西州应该尽自己的一份力量，支持@realDonaldTrump的美国优先议程，赶走觉醒派@众议员科恩，”加雷特写道。
特朗普先生表示，他周四已致电李州长，对方称将“努力纠正这个伟大州田纳西州国会选区划分方案中存在的违宪缺陷”。
“这应该能让我们多获得一个席位，帮助我们将国家从激进左翼民主党手中拯救出来，”特朗普写道。“感谢李州长——全力推进！”
密西西比州（预计新增1个共和党席位）
共和党州长泰特·里夫斯已宣布，将在“路易斯安那州诉卡莱案”裁决后的21天，即5月20日，召开重划选区的特别会议。该州的共和党幕僚指出，他的呼吁原本主要是针对州最高法院选区的重新划分，因为这些选区边界因稀释黑人选民投票权而遭到法院起诉。
但密西西比州共和党人也有可能借此机会一并调整国会选区划分方案，通过针对该州第2国会选区——由民主党众议员本尼·汤普森代表的黑人选民占多数的选区——新增1个倾向共和党的席位。
“先是多布斯案，现在又是卡莱案。我们密西西比州和路易斯安那州正在为拯救我们的国家而努力！”里夫斯周三在X平台上写道。
但和路易斯安那州一样，密西西比州也面临时间线问题，因为该州的初选已于3月份举行完毕。
“[安排另一场初选]有很多复杂因素。如果你安排在8月举行初选，谁会来参加另一场8月的初选？更改初选时间会带来很多变数，而且成本高昂，”布伦南中心民主项目高级法律顾问李说道。
“从法律上讲，这次重划方案不太可能获得支持，但他们可以尝试，” Issue One组织的政策主任迈克尔·麦克纳尔蒂补充道。
但这并未阻止共和党州官员表示无论如何都应该重新划定选区边界。
“这很可能为重新划分密西西比州的国会选区打开大门。密西西比州可能不再需要为保护本尼·汤普森而设立专属选区，”密西西比州共和党州审计员沙德·怀特写道。
“是时候撤销本尼·汤普森的专属选区了，”共和党州参议员凯文·布莱克韦尔写道。
阿拉巴马州（预计新增1个共和党席位）
2023年，美国最高法院在审理与“路易斯安那州诉卡莱案”类似的案件时作出不利于阿拉巴马州的裁决。在“艾伦诉米利根案”中，最高法院以5:4的投票结果裁定，该州共和党支持的国会选区划分方案违反了《投票权法案》第2条，并命令该州重新划分方案，纳入第二个黑人选民占多数的国会选区。
但在一个联邦三人法官小组裁定该选区划分方案违反《投票权法案》和第14条修正案后，该州再次向美国最高法院提起上诉。
共和党州长凯·艾维指出，这起悬而未决的诉讼是目前尚未召开特别会议重新划分选区的原因。“虽然我们目前尚不具备召开特别会议的条件，但我希望鉴于这项新裁决，法院能对阿拉巴马州作出有利判决，”艾维在一份声明中说道。
该州目前拥有两个黑人选民占多数的选区：第2选区和第7选区。阿拉巴马州总检察长史蒂夫·马歇尔表示，该州将“尽快”将路易斯安那州的裁决应用于阿拉巴马州的重划选区工作，以“确保我们的国会选区划分方案反映人民的意愿，而非宪法所禁止的种族配额制度”。
尼科尔·基利安为本报道撰稿。
What states could try to redistrict and add more GOP seats for the 2026 midterms after Callais decision
2026-04-30T17:07:25-0400 / https://www.cbsnews.com/news/redistricting-2026-midterm-elections-supreme-court/
Louisiana’s Secretary of State on Thursday announced the state would suspend the May 16 House primaries in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court striking down the state’s congressional map one day earlier.
The Supreme Court’s ruling on Wednesday about Louisiana’s congressional map could have implications for several southern states, as it weakened the relevant section of the Voting Rights Act about majority-minority districts.
In a perfect world for Republicans, many southern states could redraw their maps, withstand legal challenges and collectively add between one to nine more GOP-friendly districts for the 2026 midterms, according to a CBS News analysis. That number is expected to grow for the 2028 cycle as more states redraw their lines in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling.
But there is a big obstacle for any more GOP redraws in 2026: time.
Many states either have conducted their primary elections, have them coming up soon or have already passed the qualification deadline for candidates to get onto the ballot. Legal challenges are likely, and last-minute changes to the maps could run into trouble with the “Purcell principle,” which establishes that federal courts cannot change voting or election rules too close to an election.
Another obstacle for 2026 is the uphill political environment for the party, stemming from voter frustrations with the economy and continuing U.S. war waged on Iran.
“If you draw a Trump +7 district or even a Trump +10 district, that may not be enough. So why not wait til’ an election cycle in 2028 that might be better for your party?” said Michael Li, senior counsel in the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program.
While there have been calls from GOP activists to tweak their maps in many Republican-controlled states, including Georgia and South Carolina, here is a breakdown of which states are likely to try to redraw their maps before this November’s midterm election:
Louisiana (potential +1 to 2 R seats)
Early voting for the May 16 primary was set to start May 2, and ballots have already been printed. Secretary of State Nancy Landry said Thursday that the other primaries will go on as planned, including for the state’s Senate race, and they will post at all voting locations that the House primary has been suspended.
“Pursuant to 18:401.1(B), I have certified the emergency in light of the Supreme Court ruling. This is a mandatory step prior to the Governor issuing an executive order suspending the upcoming Louisiana U.S. House races,” Secretary Landry said in a statement on social media.
In an executive order signed Thursday, Republican Gov. Jeff Landry encouraged the state legislature to pass new congressional maps and schedule elections “as soon as practical.” President Trump thanked Landry on Thursday for moving quickly to redraw the lines after the high court’s decision.
Louisiana Attorney General Liz Murrill told CBS News on Wednesday that the state may move to revert back to the old map, with just one Black-majority district, even if it is a “big lift” to change the dates for the state’s May primary. That map favored Republicans in five districts and Democrats in just one.
Depending on how aggressive state GOP legislators are, a new map could add one to two GOP-leaning seats by carving up the Black-majority seats they have. The state is nearly one-third Black, according to the U.S. Census.
“We can realistically end up having six congressional districts with no African-American, or Democratic representation, it’s very possible, given what we’ve seen happen across this country,” Democratic Rep. Troy Carter told CBS News on Wednesday.
“The reality is this is much deeper and much further than Louisiana. This can impact up to 19 or 20 seats in the congressional Black Caucus. It can impact school boards. It can impact city councils, legislative seats. This is, in fact, an explosive move to turn the clock back all the way pre-1965,” he added.
Florida (potential +4 R)
A proposed map from Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis passed the state legislature on Wednesday and is waiting for his signature. It looks to add four more Republican-leaning seats by eliminating or shrinking Democratic-leaning districts in Tampa, Orlando and parts of the state’s southeast coast.
DeSantis’ counsel had already been anticipating this ruling from the U.S. Supreme Court, and argue it means they don’t have to follow racial requirements within their own state constitution’s “Fair Districts” Amendments.
“Much like Louisiana’s ‘intentional compliance with the court’s demands constituted an express acknowledgement that race played a role in the drawing of district lines,’ Florida’s intentional compliance with the [Fair Districts Amendments] would constitute such an acknowledgement,” DeSantis general counsel David Axelman wrote in a letter to state lawmakers as they were debating the map.
Democratic election lawyer Marc Elias has pledged to challenge the map in court.
Tennessee (potential +1 R)
Gubernatorial candidate and current U.S. Sen. Marsha Blackburn has already called repeatedly for the Tennessee legislature to reconvene to redraw the lines for the 2026 election. Blackburn proposed a map that could result in a nine Republican to zero Democrat split, by breaking up Tennessee’s 9th District that encompasses Memphis and diluting the Black voter population.
The state’s Congressional primaries are scheduled for Aug. 6, though the qualifying deadline in March has already passed. Republican Gov. Bill Lee has not called for a redistricting session yet, but the state’s House Republican Whip State. Rep. Johnny Garrett threw his support behind Blackburn’s proposal.
“Tennessee should do its part in supporting @realDonaldTrump’s America First agenda by getting rid of the woke @RepCohen,” Garrett wrote.
Mr. Trump said he called Governor Lee on Thursday, and was told he’d “work hard to correct the unconstitutional flaw in the Congressional Maps of the Great State of Tennessee.”
“This should give us one extra seat, and help Save our Country from the Radical Left Democrats,” Mr. Trump wrote. “Thank you Governor Lee – PUSH HARD!”
Mississippi (potential +1 R)
Republican Gov. Tate Reeves has already announced that a redistricting session would happen 21 days after the Louisiana v. Callais ruling, which would be May 20. GOP operatives in the state note his call was technically focused on redrawing the State’s Supreme court districts, as those lines had been challenged in courts over diluting the voting power of Black voters.
But it’s possible that Mississippi Republicans will tack on congressional redistricting to this, too, and add 1 GOP-leaning seat by targeting the state’s 2nd Congressional District, a majority-Black district represented by Democratic Rep. Bennie Thompson.
“First Dobbs. Now Callais. Just Mississippi and Louisiana down here saving our country!” Reeves wrote on X Wednesday.
But like Louisiana, Mississippi has a timeline problem since its primaries already happened in March.
“There’s lots of complications to [schedule another primary]. If you schedule an August primary, like who’s going to turn out for another primary in August? There’s a lot of variability when you move primaries in different times, and it’s expensive,” said Li, senior counsel in the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program.
“Unlikely legally that redraw would stand, but they can try,” added Michael McNulty, the policy director at the Issue One organization.
That isn’t stopping Republican state officials from saying the lines should be redrawn anyways.
“This likely opens the door to redrawing Mississippi’s congressional districts. Mississippi might no longer have a district drawn to protect Bennie Thompson,” wrote Republican Mississippi state Auditor Shad White.
“It’s time to erase Bennie Thompson’s District,” wrote Republican state Sen. Kevin Blackwell.
Alabama (potential +1 R)
In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Alabama when they took up a similar case to Louisiana v. Callais. They ruled 5-4 in the Allen v. Milligan case that a state GOP-supported congressional map violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, and ordered the state to redraw a map that includes a second Black-majority Congressional seat.
But after a federal three judge panel ruled that map violated the Voting Rights Act and 14th Amendment, the state appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court again.
Republican Gov. Kay Ivey pointed to that pending litigation as a reason to not yet call for a special session to redraw the maps. “While we are not in position to have a special session at this time, I hope in light of this new decision, the court is favorable to Alabama,” Ivey said in a statement.
The state now has two Black-majority seats: the 2nd District and 7th District. Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall said the state “will act as quickly as possible” to apply the Louisiana ruling to Alabama’s redistricting efforts, to “ensure that our congressional maps reflect the will of the people, not a racial quota system the Constitution forbids.”
Nikole Killion contributed to this report.