2026-04-16 18:39:11 UTC / 路透社
作者：内特·雷蒙德
2026年4月16日 美国东部时间下午6:39 UTC 更新于50分钟前
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- 十名共和党议员与本党领导层决裂
- 超140万海地民众因暴力与动荡流离失所
- 参议院中该法案的命运不明
- 美国最高法院将审理特朗普针对海地、叙利亚临时保护身份的举措
华盛顿，4月16日（路透社）——周四，美国众议院罕见地挑战了总统唐纳德·特朗普的移民执法议程，数位共和党议员与民主党议员投票通过法案，为居住在美国的35万海地公民延长临时保护身份。
众议院以224票对204票通过立法，允许海地民众继续符合临时保护身份资格，有效期三年。此前美国国土安全部终止了他们此前获得的人道主义保护。
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该法案目前已送交共和党掌控的美国参议院，其命运尚未可知。
但此次投票显示，在美国最高法院本月将就特朗普政府是否有权撤销对海地公民的驱逐保护令进行审理之际，部分共和党议员准备在这一问题上与白宫决裂。
十名共和党议员与一名无党派议员与民主党议员一同投票支持该法案。
临时保护身份（TPS）适用于其祖国遭遇自然灾害、武装冲突或其他极端事件的民众。该身份可为符合条件的移民提供工作许可以及临时免于被驱逐的保护。
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马萨诸塞州民主党众议员阿雅娜·普雷斯利去年12月启动了一项程序性动议，以加快众议院对该法案的投票。此前时任国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺姆采取措施，终止对受帮派暴力困扰的海地的临时保护身份认定。
作为特朗普移民打压政策的一部分，国土安全部已提出终止13个国家的临时保护身份，称该身份原本就是临时性的，并非“事实上的特赦计划”。
该法案通过“ discharge petition（强制提案表决程序）”流程提交至共和党掌控的众议院，这一程序允许至少218名议员强制推动众议院投票，即便该法案遭到众议院议长迈克·约翰逊的反对——而议长负责制定众议院议事日程。
鉴于众议院共和党仅以218票对213票的微弱优势占据多数，民主党一直借助这一手段罕见地获得少数党胜利。
奥巴马政府2010年为海地公民授予临时保护身份，当时海地遭遇了7.0级毁灭性地震。美国多次延长该身份，最近一次是在拜登政府2024年7月。
根据国际移民组织的数据，已有超140万海地民众因暴力与动荡流离失所。
在特朗普政府原定的保护身份到期前一天，一名联邦法官阻止了政府的终止举措。美国最高法院现已定于4月29日就政府是否可以终止海地公民以及约6100名叙利亚公民的临时保护身份进行听证。
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US House votes to defy Trump, extend Haitians’ temporary protections
2026-04-16 18:39:11 UTC / Reuters
By Nate Raymond
April 16, 2026 6:39 PM UTC Updated 50 mins ago
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- Ten Republicans split with their party leadership
- Over 1.4 million Haitians displaced by violence and instability
- Fate of legislation in Senate unclear
- US Supreme Court to weigh Trump moves on Haiti, Syria TPS
WASHINGTON, April 16 (Reuters) – The U.S. House of Representatives offered a rare challenge to President Donald Trump’s immigration enforcement agenda on Thursday as a handful of Republicans joined Democrats to vote to extend temporary protections for 350,000 Haitians living in the United States.
The House voted 224-204 in favor of legislation allowing Haitians to remain eligible for Temporary Protected Status for three years after the U.S. Department of Homeland Security terminated the humanitarian protections they had been granted.
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The legislation now heads to the Republican-led U.S. Senate, where its fate is uncertain.
But the vote showed some Republicans were ready to break with the White House on the issue as the U.S. Supreme Court prepares this month to weigh whether to allow the Trump administration to revoke the protections from deportation granted to the Haitians.
Ten Republicans and one independent lawmaker joined Democrats in voting for the measure.
TPS is available to people whose home country has experienced a natural disaster, armed conflict or other extraordinary event. It provides eligible migrants with work authorization and temporary protection from deportation.
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Democratic Representative Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts engineered a procedural move beginning in December to expedite a House vote on the bill, after then-Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem took steps to terminate the TPS designation for gang-violence-stricken Haiti.
DHS has moved to end the status for 13 countries as part of Trump’s crackdown on immigration, saying TPS was always meant to be temporary and not a “de facto amnesty program.”
The bill came to the floor of the Republican-led House through a “discharge petition” procedure that allows 218 or more representatives to force House votes, even if the legislation is opposed by Speaker Mike Johnson, who sets the agenda in the chamber.
Given the narrow 218-213 Republican majority in the House, Democrats have been using this device to score some rare minority-party victories.
The Obama administration granted Haitians TPS in 2010, after a devastating 7.0-magnitude earthquake struck their country. The United States has repeatedly extended the status, most recently under the Biden administration in July 2024.
More than 1.4 million Haitians have been displaced by violence and instability, according to the International Organization for Migration.
The day before the protections were set to expire under Trump, a federal judge blocked the administration’s move. The U.S. Supreme Court is now set to hear arguments on April 29 over whether the administration can move ahead with ending TPS for the Haitians as well as for about 6,100 Syrians.
Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston and Richard Cowan in Washington; Editing by Rod Nickel and Lisa Shumaker
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