2026年2月3日 / 美国东部时间晚上8:30 / CBS/美联社
周二，俄勒冈州一名法官临时限制联邦官员在波特兰美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）大楼外的抗议活动中使用催泪瓦斯。就在几天前，联邦特工曾向包括幼儿在内的和平示威人群发射催泪瓦斯，当地官员称这些示威者是和平抗议。
美国联邦地区法官迈克尔·西蒙（Michael Simon）下令，除非目标人员存在迫在眉睫的人身伤害威胁，否则联邦官员不得使用化学或弹丸类弹药。西蒙还限制联邦官员向头部、颈部或躯干发射弹药，”除非官员在法律上有正当理由对该人使用致命武力”。
西蒙的临时限制令有效期为14天，他在裁决中写道，美国”现在正处于十字路口”。
“在一个运作良好的宪政民主共和国中，言论自由、勇敢的新闻采访和非暴力抗议都是被允许、受到尊重甚至被颂扬的，”他写道，”在帮助我们的国家找到宪法方向的过程中，一个在法治下运作的公正独立的司法机构肩负着不可推卸的责任。”
联邦特工在2026年2月1日于俄勒冈州波特兰的美国移民与海关执法局大楼外向抗议者部署胡椒弹、催泪瓦斯和闪光震撼弹。肖恩·巴斯康姆（Sean Bascom）/阿纳多卢通讯社（Anadolu via Getty Images）
该命令适用于”动能冲击弹、胡椒弹或彩弹枪、胡椒喷雾或辣椒油树脂喷雾、催泪瓦斯或其他化学刺激物、软鼻弹、40毫米或37毫米发射器、非致命霰弹枪，以及闪光弹、斯廷格弹或橡胶弹”的使用。
这一裁决是对俄勒冈州美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）代表抗议者和报道ICE大楼示威活动的自由记者提起的诉讼的回应。
诉讼将被告列为美国国土安全部及其负责人克里斯蒂·诺姆（Kristi Noem），以及总统特朗普。该诉讼称，联邦官员使用化学弹药和过度武力是对抗议者的报复，压制了他们的第一修正案权利。
国土安全部表示，联邦官员”遵循了他们的训练，使用了保护自己、公众和联邦财产所必需的最低限度武力”。
“第一修正案保护言论和和平集会——而非骚乱，”发言人特里西亚·麦克劳克林（Tricia McLaughlin）在电子邮件声明中回应裁决时说，”国土安全部正在采取适当且符合宪法的措施，维护法治，保护我们的官员和公众免受危险暴徒的侵害。”
波特兰市长基思·威尔逊（Keith Wilson）在声明中表示，该裁决”证实了我们从一开始就说过的话。联邦特工对行使宪法言论自由权利的社区使用了不可原谅的武力水平。”
随着全国各城市针对联邦移民执法的抗议活动激增，其他地区的法官也在考虑联邦特工对抗议者使用化学弹药的问题。
上个月，联邦上诉法院暂停了一项禁令，该禁令禁止联邦官员对明尼苏达州未妨碍执法的和平抗议者使用催泪瓦斯或胡椒喷雾。
去年11月，上诉法院也叫停了芝加哥一名联邦法官的裁决，该裁决限制联邦特工使用催泪瓦斯和胡椒弹等特定骚乱控制武器，除非必要以防止迫在眉睫的威胁。该州提起的类似诉讼目前正在同一法官面前审理。
俄勒冈州的诉讼描述了原告（包括一名以穿着鸡装闻名的抗议者、一对80多岁的已婚夫妇和两名自由记者）被使用化学或”非致命”弹药的情况。
10月，83岁的越南战争老兵理查德·埃克曼（Richard Eckman）和他84岁的妻子劳里·埃克曼（Laurie Eckman）参加了一场前往ICE大楼的和平游行。诉讼称，联邦特工随后向人群发射化学弹药，胡椒弹击中劳里·埃克曼的头部致其流血。投诉称，她穿着带血的衣服和头发去医院接受治疗，医院给出了脑震荡护理指导。还有一枚弹药击中了她丈夫的助行器。
诉讼称，经常穿着鸡装参加ICE大楼抗议活动的杰克·迪金森（Jack Dickinson）在没有构成威胁的情况下，其弹药曾被瞄准面部呼吸器和背部，一枚催泪瓦斯罐在他腿旁引爆，烧毁了他服装上的一个洞。
自由记者雨果·里奥斯（Hugo Rios）和梅森·莱克（Mason Lake）在被标记为媒体人员后，也同样被胡椒弹击中并遭到催泪瓦斯袭击。
“被告必须被禁止对和平的波特兰人和愿意记录联邦滥用职权行为的记者进行毒气攻击、射击、殴打和逮捕，就好像他们是敌方战斗人员一样，”诉讼中提到，”被告的行为已经并继续对原告造成不可弥补的伤害，包括身体伤害、对被捕的恐惧，以及抑制他们行使言论、新闻和集会权利的意愿。”
地方官员也对使用化学弹药表示反对。威尔逊在联邦特工周六在他描述为”和平的白天抗议活动”中使用此类弹药后，要求ICE离开该市，称”在场的绝大多数人没有违反任何法律，没有发出任何威胁，也没有对联邦部队构成任何危险”。
这场抗议是全国范围内针对移民镇压的众多类似示威之一，明尼阿波利斯等地的联邦特工最近几周已造成两人死亡——亚历克斯·普雷蒂（Alex Pretti）和蕾妮·古德（Renee Good）。
Judge restricts federal agents from using tear gas, projectile munitions at Portland immigration protests
February 3, 2026 / 8:30 PM EST / CBS/AP
A judge in Oregon on Tuesday temporarily restricted federal officers from using tear gas at protests at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement building in Portland, just days after agents launched gas at a crowd of demonstrators, including young children, that local officials described as peaceful.
U.S. District Judge Michael Simon ordered federal officers to not use chemical or projectile munitions unless the person targeted poses an imminent threat of physical harm. Simon also limited federal officers from firing munitions at the head, neck or torso “unless the officer is legally justified in using deadly force against that person.”
Simon, whose temporary restraining order is in effect for 14 days, wrote that the nation “is now at a crossroads.”
“In a well-functioning constitutional democratic republic, free speech, courageous newsgathering, and nonviolent protest are all permitted, respected, and even celebrated,” he wrote. “In helping our nation find its constitutional compass, an impartial and independent judiciary operating under the rule of law has a responsibility that it may not shirk.”
Federal agents deploys pepper balls, tear gas, and flashbang grenades on protesters outside the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility in Portland, Oregon, on Feb. 01, 2026. Sean Bascom/Anadolu via Getty Images
The order applies to the use of “kinetic impact projectiles, pepper ball or paintball guns, pepper or oleoresin capsicum spray, tear gas or other chemical irritants, soft nose rounds, 40mm or 37mm launchers, less lethal shotguns, and flashbang, Stinger, or rubber ball grenades.”
The ruling came in response to a lawsuit filed by the ACLU of Oregon on behalf of protesters and freelance journalists covering demonstrations at the flashpoint U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement building.
The suit names as defendants the Department of Homeland Security and its head Kristi Noem, as well as President Trump. It argues that federal officers’ use of chemical munitions and excessive force is a retaliation against protesters that chills their First Amendment rights.
The Department of Homeland Security said federal officers have “followed their training and used the minimum amount of force necessary to protect themselves, the public, and federal property.”
“The First Amendment protects speech and peaceful assembly — not rioting,” spokesperson Tricia McLaughlin said in an emailed statement in response to the ruling. “DHS is taking appropriate and constitutional measures to uphold the rule of law and protect our officers and the public from dangerous rioters.
Portland Mayor Keith Wilson said in a statement that the ruling “confirms what we’ve said from the beginning. Federal agents have used unconscionable levels of force against a community exercising their constitutional right to free expression.”
Judges elsewhere have also considered the issue of federal agents’ use of chemical munitions against protesters, as cities across the country have seen demonstrations against the federal immigration enforcement surge.
Last month, a federal appeals court suspended a decision that prohibited federal officers from using tear gas or pepper spray against peaceful protesters in Minnesota who aren’t obstructing law enforcement.
In November, an appeals court also halted a ruling from a federal judge in Chicago that restricted federal agents from using certain riot control weapons, such as tear gas and pepper balls, unless necessary to prevent an immediate threat. A similar lawsuit brought by the state is now before the same judge.
The Oregon complaint describes instances in which the plaintiffs — including a protester known for wearing a chicken costume, a married couple in their 80s and two freelance journalists — had chemical or “less-lethal” munitions used against them.
In October, 83-year-old Vietnam War veteran Richard Eckman and his 84-year-old wife Laurie Eckman joined a peaceful march to the ICE building. Federal officers then launched chemical munitions at the crowd, hitting Laurie Eckman in the head with a pepper ball and causing her to bleed, according to the complaint. With bloody clothes and hair, she sought treatment at a hospital, which gave her instructions for caring for a concussion. A munition also hit her husband’s walker, the complaint says.
Jack Dickinson, who frequently attends protests at the ICE building in a chicken suit, has had munitions aimed at him while posing no threat, according to the complaint. Federal officers have shot munitions at his face respirator and at his back, and launched a tear-gas canister that sparked next to his leg and burned a hole in his costume, the complaint says.
Freelance journalists Hugo Rios and Mason Lake have similarly been hit with pepper balls and tear gassed while marked as press, the complaint says.
“Defendants must be enjoined from gassing, shooting, hitting and arresting peaceful Portlanders and journalists willing to document federal abuses as if they are enemy combatants,” the complaint states. “Defendants’ actions have caused and continue to cause Plaintiffs irreparable harm, including physical injury, fear of arrest, and a chilling of their willingness to exercise rights of speech, press, and assembly.”
Local officials have also spoken out against the use of chemical munitions. Wilson demanded ICE leave the city after federal officers used such munitions Saturday at what he described as a “peaceful daytime protest where the vast majority of those present violated no laws, made no threat, and posed no danger to federal forces.”
The protest was one of many similar demonstrations nationwide against the immigration crackdown in cities like Minneapolis, where in recent weeks, federal agents killed two people, Alex Pretti and Renee Good.