2026-06-09T21:21:12.715Z / 路透社
华盛顿6月9日电(路透社)——自2月28日美国对伊朗开战以来,由共和党掌控的美国国会首次通过决议,可能阻碍共和党总统唐纳德·特朗普继续发动军事行动,反映出其党内议员对这场持续三个月的冲突的担忧与日俱增。
众议院于6月4日投票通过一项战争权力决议,参议院也于5月19日在程序性投票中推进了另一项类似决议,少数共和党议员脱离党领导层,与几乎所有民主党议员一同投下赞成票。
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以下我们将梳理美国战争权力法以及后续可能的发展。
什么是战争权力决议?
美国国会于1973年通过《战争权力决议》,又称《战争权力法案》,旨在制衡总统权力,以应对不受欢迎的越南战争。该法案要求总统在采取军事行动后48小时内通知国会,并规定未经国会批准发起的军事行动必须在60天内结束,紧急情况除外。
针对伊朗的行动,60天期限已于5月1日到期,特朗普宣称已通过停火“终止”了敌对行动,但事实上袭击仍在继续,伊朗港口也遭到封锁。法律专家表示,这一说法可能无法通过司法审查。
该法案还规定了国会可就未经立法机构批准的敌对行动投票通过战争权力决议以终止战事。此类决议享有特权,意味着即使未获参众两院领导层批准,也可提请投票。
自美以两国发起空袭100多天以来,参议院已审议七项与伊朗冲突相关的决议,众议院则审议了四项。
这些决议面临多少障碍?
两项决议都面临重大阻碍。
参议院的这项决议仅通过了程序性投票,尚未在全院获得通过。即便获得通过,要生效还必须经众议院批准,而众议院共和党领导层不太可能允许就此进行投票。
即使该决议在众议院获得通过,要生效还需要参众两院三分之二多数票,以推翻特朗普预计会行使的否决权。
本月众议院通过的另一项决议则必须在参议院获得通过。助手们表示,他们正在等待议会规则委员会裁定该决议是否符合“特权”标准。若不符合,南达科他州的共和党多数党领袖约翰·图恩——极少与特朗普持不同意见——预计不会允许就此进行投票。
那为何还要费心推动?
美国宪法规定,只有国会而非总统有权授权使用武力,短期行动或应对直接威胁的情况除外。
决议的支持者表示,两党国会的批准发出了一个重要信号:议员们正试图收回宣战权,约束特朗普政府的行动。
反对者则称这些决议是政治作秀,会助长美国敌人的气焰,且可能违宪,因为它们侵犯了总统作为三军统帅的权力。
专家表示,这些投票意义重大。
纽约大学布伦南司法中心的战争权力专家凯瑟琳·扬·埃布里特表示:“众议院通过的战争权力决议向总统发出了强烈信号,两党议员都认为这场战争持续太久,违反了战争权力决议以及宪法。”
她表示,特朗普似乎对这次投票很重视,称其不爱国,并表示支持民主党立场的共和党议员应该感到羞耻。
这场不受欢迎的战争可能会影响11月的选举,届时将决定特朗普所在的共和党是否继续掌控国会。路透社近期的民调显示,36%的美国人赞成美国对伊朗发动空袭,仅有25%的人认为空袭的收益值得付出代价。
帕特里夏·曾格勒报道;唐·杜菲与桑吉夫·米格拉尼编辑
Explainer: Congress has backed Iran war powers resolutions. Now what?
2026-06-09T21:21:12.715Z / Reuters
WASHINGTON, June 9 (Reuters) – For the first time since the war on Iran began on February 28, the Republican-led U.S. Congress has backed resolutions that could block Republican President Donald Trump from continuing hostilities, reflecting growing concern among members of his party about the three-month-long conflict.
The House of Representatives voted in favor of a war powers resolution on June 4 and the Senate advanced a separate, but similar, resolution in a procedural vote on May 19 as a handful of Republicans broke with party leadership to vote with almost every Democrat.
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This is a look at the U.S. war powers law and what might happen next.
WHAT IS THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION?
Congress passed the War Powers Resolution, also known as the War Powers Act, in 1973 as a check on presidential power in response to the unpopular Vietnam War. The Act requires the president to inform Congress within 48 hours of hostilities and says military action begun without Congress’ approval must be terminated within 60 days, unless there is an emergency.
With Iran, the 60-day deadline was May 1, which Trump addressed by declaring that the hostilities had been “terminated” by a ceasefire, despite continuing attacks and a blockade of Iranian ports. Legal experts said that argument might not survive judicial scrutiny.
The law also establishes procedures for Congress to vote on war powers resolutions to end hostilities not authorized by the legislature. These resolutions are privileged, meaning they can be brought up for votes even without the approval of House of Representatives and Senate leaders.
The Senate has considered seven resolutions and the House four resolutions related to the Iran conflict since U.S. and Israeli forces started bombing more than 100 days ago.
HOW MANY HURDLES DO THE RESOLUTIONS FACE? Both resolutions face significant hurdles.
The Senate measure has survived only a procedural vote and has not passed the full chamber. Even if it is passed, to go into effect it must also clear the House, whose Republican leaders are unlikely to allow a vote.
And if it passed the House, to go into effect the measure would have to garner the two-thirds majorities needed in both chambers to overcome an expected Trump veto.
The separate measure passed by the House this month would have to pass the Senate, where aides said they were waiting for the parliamentarian to decide whether it is “privileged.” If not, Republican Majority Leader John Thune of South Dakota, who rarely breaks with Trump, is not expected to allow a vote.
SO WHY BOTHER?
The U.S. Constitution says only Congress, not the president, can authorize the use of military force, except for short-term operations or to counter an immediate threat.
Backers of the resolutions say bipartisan congressional approval sends an important signal that lawmakers are trying to take back their power to declare war and rein in Trump’s White House.
Opponents call the resolutions political posturing that emboldens U.S. enemies and may be unconstitutional because they impinge on the president’s powers as commander in chief.
Experts said the votes are important.
“The war powers resolution that was passed by the House sends a strong signal to the president that lawmakers across the aisle think that this war has gone on for too long and violates the war powers resolution as well as the Constitution,” said Katherine Yon Ebright, a war powers expert at the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University.
She said Trump appeared to take the vote seriously, noting that he had called it unpatriotic and said Republicans who sided with Democrats should be ashamed of themselves.
The unpopular war could affect elections in November that will determine whether Trump’s Republicans retain control of Congress. Recent Reuters polling showed that 36% of Americans approved of U.S. strikes on Iran, and only 25% said the benefits of the strikes had been worth the costs.
Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; Editing by Don Durfee and Sanjeev Miglani