2026-05-29T15:22:15.349Z / 路透社
5月29日 路透电 —— 美国南部多个由共和党掌控的州正赶在11月中期选举前重新绘制国会选区地图，以期帮助本党保住美国众议院的微弱多数席位，这是持续一年的全国重划选区斗争的最新一轮较量。
这场政治战始于去年夏天，当时美国总统唐纳德·特朗普敦促得克萨斯州共和党人推出新地图，瞄准民主党掌控的五个席位。加利福尼亚州民主党人随即推出针对五名共和党在任议员的地图作为回应，其他州也纷纷效仿。
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截至今年春季，两党大致打成平手。但两项法院判决——美国最高法院一项削弱多数黑人选民选区保护措施的裁决，以及弗吉尼亚州最高法院推翻该州民主党支持的地图的判决——给共和党带来了明显优势。
如今共和党似乎有望在本轮周期结束时，在全美范围内增加多达10个众议院席位的优势。民主党只需在2024年的基础上翻转三个共和党掌控的席位就能赢得多数席位，因此每个选区都可能成为关键。以下是这场冲突在全美各地的进展情况：
共和党获益
田纳西州——一个席位
田纳西州共和党议员于5月7日批准了一份新的国会选区地图，解散了以孟菲斯为中心的多数黑人选民选区，成为首个利用美国最高法院判决削弱《投票权法案》的州。
该选区现任议员、民主党人史蒂夫·科恩宣布将不再寻求连任，这几乎确保共和党能在11月拿下该州全部九个席位的全胜。
南卡罗来纳州——行动失败
州参议院于5月26日否决了一份新地图，该地图本可拆分长期担任民主党联邦众议员的吉姆·克莱伯恩所代表的选区。尽管白宫施压，仍有几名共和党议员倒戈与民主党人一道挫败了这项已在州众议院轻松通过的提案。
共和党目前掌控该州其余六个美国众议院席位。
阿拉巴马州——可能获得一个席位
一个由三名美国法官组成的陪审团于5月26日阻止阿拉巴马州推进一份新地图，该地图将取消两个多数或接近多数黑人选民选区中的一个，裁决称议员们在划定选区边界时故意损害黑人选民的权益。
阿拉巴马州共和党已就该命令向美国最高法院提起上诉，最高法院此前已解除该陪审团的先前禁令，并下令法官根据最高法院4月份削弱《投票权法案》的判决重新审查该地图。
民主党掌控这两个黑人选民占比可观的选区，共和党则控制其余五个席位。
得克萨斯州——多达五个席位
美国最高法院于12月初为一份共和党支持的新地图扫清了道路，该地图瞄准了五个民主党掌控的席位。最高法院的裁决推翻了下级法院的判决，下级法院曾认定该地图可能存在歧视少数族裔选民的情况。
得克萨斯州共和党州长格雷格·雅培于8月签署该地图成为法律。几周前，超过50名民主党议员逃离该州，暂时阻止了投票，但最终还是返回了。根据2021年共和党绘制的地图，共和党已掌控得克萨斯州38个席位中的25个。
佛罗里达州——多达四个席位
共和党州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯起草了一份旨在翻转四个民主党掌控席位的新地图，并于4月下旬召集特别立法会议，由共和党多数派将其签署为法律。民主党誓言将在法院挑战该地图，援引州宪法条款明确禁止立法机构纯粹为党派利益划定选区。
在德桑蒂斯和州议会于2022年通过新地图翻转四个民主党席位后，共和党现已掌控该州28个席位中的20个。
密苏里州——一个席位
共和党州长迈克·基奥于9月签署一份新地图成为法律，该地图解散了位于堪萨斯城的民主党掌控的席位，使本党在该州八个国会席位中占据七个优势。
俄亥俄州——多达两个席位
州法律的一项特殊规定要求为2026年重新绘制地图，因为上一份地图在没有民主党议员投票的情况下获得通过。该州的重划委员会包括五名共和党人和两名民主党人，于10月一致通过了一份折中地图，提升了共和党翻转两个民主党掌控席位的可能性，但并未达到民主党此前担忧的程度。共和党目前掌控该州15个席位中的10个。
北卡罗来纳州——一个席位
州议会的共和党多数派于10月批准了一份新地图，旨在翻转一个民主党席位，这将使共和党掌控该州14个美国众议院席位中的11个，尽管该州是分裂摇摆州。根据州法律，民主党州长乔希·斯坦对此过程没有发言权。
路易斯安那州——可能获得一个席位
在美国最高法院认定路易斯安那州的地图属于违宪的种族划分后，共和党州长杰夫·兰德里于5月16日立即暂停了美国众议院的初选。
共和党占多数的州众议院于5月28日通过了一份新地图，取消了两个黑人选民占比可观的选区中的一个，这两个选区均由民主党掌控。州参议院预计将批准该计划，这可能让共和党在11月翻转该席位。共和党现已掌控该州六个席位中的四个。
印第安纳州——行动失败
由共和党控制的印第安纳州参议院否决了一份旨在翻转该州仅有的两个民主党众议院席位的新地图，这是特朗普所在政党成员罕见地对其提出的批评。共和党目前掌控该州九个席位中的七个。
堪萨斯州——行动失败
堪萨斯州共和党人放弃了特朗普支持的重新绘制该州国会选区地图的努力，此前州众议院议长、共和党人丹·霍金斯于1月份表示，其所在议院没有足够的票数克服民主党州长劳拉·凯利的否决威胁。共和党现已掌控该州四个席位中的三个。
民主党获益
加利福尼亚州——多达五个席位
选民以压倒性优势批准了一份由州长加文·纽瑟姆和民主党议员支持的新地图，旨在翻转多达五个共和党掌控的席位，作为对得克萨斯州的直接回应。民主党目前掌控该州52个选区中的43个。
弗吉尼亚州——行动被法院阻止
弗吉尼亚州选民于4月21日在一次特别选举中批准了一份由民主党起草的新国会选区地图，本可翻转四个共和党美国众议院席位。但州最高法院于5月8日驳回了投票结果，裁决民主党议员在通过拟议的公投并将其列入选票时未遵循适当程序。
犹他州——一个席位
一名州法官以存在非法党派操纵为由推翻了共和党绘制的地图，并实施了一份替代方案，该方案可能将该州四个共和党掌控的席位中的一个翻转给民主党。
马里兰州——行动陷入停滞
州众议院的民主党人于2月份推进了一份新地图， targeting该州仅有的一名共和党联邦众议员，这一举措得到了民主党州长韦斯·摩尔和全国民主党领导人的支持。民主党掌控该州其余七个众议院席位。
但州参议院议长、民主党人比尔·弗格森反对该法案，不过他暗示可能愿意在2028年之前重新审议该问题。
纽约州——行动被法院阻止
纽约一名法官于1月份下令该州独立重划委员会重新绘制以纽约市斯塔滕岛为中心的一个共和党掌控的国会选区，这可能让民主党有机会在11月翻转该席位。不过，美国最高法院的保守多数派于3月2日暂停了该判决，应现任共和党议员妮可·马利奥塔基斯的请求。
民主党目前掌控该州26个席位中的19个。
约瑟夫·阿克斯特报道；安迪·沙利文补充报道；保罗·托马斯奇、丽莎·舒梅克、罗萨尔巴·奥布莱恩和尼克·齐明斯基编辑
我们的标准：汤森路透信托原则。
How Republicans are winning the war over US congressional redistricting, state by state
2026-05-29T15:22:15.349Z / Reuters
May 29 (Reuters) – Several Republican-led states across the South are rushing to redraw their congressional maps ahead of November’s midterm elections in a bid to help save their party’s narrow majority in the U.S. House of Representatives, the latest round in a year-long national fight over redistricting.
The political war began last summer, when U.S. President Donald Trump pushed Texas Republicans to install a new map targeting five Democratic-held seats. California Democrats responded with their own map taking aim at five Republican incumbents, and other states soon followed suit.
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As of this spring, the two parties had fought roughly to a draw. But a pair of court decisions – a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that eviscerated protections for majority-Black districts, and a Virginia Supreme Court decision overturning a Democratic-backed map in that state – have given Republicans a decided advantage.
Republicans now appear poised to end the cycle having increased their edge in as many as 10 House seats nationwide. Democrats need to flip only three Republican-held seats from 2024 to win a majority, so every district could prove pivotal. Here is how the conflict is unfolding across the country:
REPUBLICAN GAINS
TENNESSEE – ONE SEAT
Tennessee Republican lawmakers on May 7 approved a new congressional map dismantling a majority-Black district centered in Memphis, becoming the first state to take advantage of the U.S. Supreme Court decision that hollowed out the Voting Rights Act.
The district’s current representative, Democrat Steve Cohen, announced he would not seek reelection following the redistricting, all but guaranteeing Republicans will win a clean sweep of all nine seats in November.
SOUTH CAROLINA – EFFORT FAILED
The state Senate on May 26 rejected a new map that would have taken apart the district represented by longtime Democratic U.S. Representative Jim Clyburn. Despite pressure from the White House, several Republicans broke ranks and joined Democrats in foiling the proposal, which had easily passed the state House of Representatives.
Republicans currently control the state’s other six U.S. House districts.
ALABAMA – POSSIBLY ONE SEAT
A panel of three U.S. judges on May 26 blocked Alabama from advancing a new map that would eliminate one of two U.S. House districts that are majority or near-majority Black, ruling that lawmakers intentionally harmed Black voters in drawing the lines.
Alabama Republicans have appealed that order to the U.S. Supreme Court, which had previously lifted an earlier block from the same panel and ordered the judges to re-examine the map in light of the high court’s decision in April that weakened the Voting Rights Act.
Democrats hold the two districts with significant Black populations, while Republicans control the other five seats.
TEXAS – UP TO FIVE SEATS
The U.S. Supreme Court cleared the way in early December for a new Republican-backed map that targets five Democratic-held seats. The court’s decision overturned a lower court ruling that had concluded the map likely discriminated against minority voters.
Republican Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed the map into law in August. Weeks earlier, more than 50 Democratic lawmakers fled the state, temporarily preventing a vote, but ultimately returned. Republicans already control 25 of Texas’ 38 seats under a Republican-drawn map from 2021.
FLORIDA – UP TO FOUR SEATS
Republican Governor Ron DeSantis drew a new map aimed at flipping four Democratic-held seats and called a special legislative session in late April, where the Republican majority passed it into law. Democrats have vowed to challenge the map in court, citing a state constitutional provision that expressly bars the legislature from drawing districts purely for partisan gain.
Republicans already control 20 of the state’s 28 seats, after DeSantis and the legislature passed a new map in 2022 that flipped four Democratic seats.
MISSOURI – ONE SEAT
Republican Governor Mike Kehoe signed a new map into law in September that dismantled a Democratic-held seat based in Kansas City, giving his party the advantage in seven of the state’s eight congressional seats.
OHIO – UP TO TWO SEATS
A quirk in state law required a new map for 2026 because the previous one was approved with no Democratic votes. The state’s redistricting commission, which includes five Republicans and two Democrats, unanimously approved a compromise map in October that boosted Republican chances of flipping two Democratic-held seats but did not go as far as Democrats had feared. Republicans hold 10 of the state’s 15 seats.
NORTH CAROLINA – ONE SEAT
The state legislature’s Republican majority approved a new map in October designed to flip a Democratic seat, which would give Republicans control of 11 of the state’s 14 U.S. House seats despite its status as a divided swing state. Under state law, Democratic Governor Josh Stein had no say in the process.
LOUISIANA – POSSIBLY ONE SEAT
Republican Governor Jeff Landry suspended the state’s May 16 primary election for the U.S. House immediately after the U.S. Supreme Court found Louisiana’s map was an unconstitutional racial gerrymander.
The Republican-majority state House of Representatives passed a new map on May 28 that eliminates one of two districts with significant Black populations, both held by Democrats. The state Senate is expected to approve the plan, which would likely allow Republicans to flip the seat in November. Republicans already hold four of the state’s six districts.
INDIANA – EFFORT FAILED
Indiana’s Republican-controlled Senate rejected a new map aimed at flipping the state’s only two Democratic House seats, a rare rebuke to Trump from members of his own party. Republicans control seven of the state’s nine U.S. House seats.
KANSAS – EFFORT FAILED
Kansas Republicans abandoned a Trump-backed effort to redraw the state’s congressional map after the state House speaker, Republican Dan Hawkins, said in January there was not enough support in his chamber to overcome a veto threat from Democratic Governor Laura Kelly. Republicans already hold three of the state’s four U.S. House seats.
DEMOCRATIC GAINS
CALIFORNIA – UP TO FIVE SEATS
Voters overwhelmingly approved a new map backed by Governor Gavin Newsom and Democratic lawmakers designed to flip as many as five Republican-held seats in direct response to Texas. Democrats currently hold 43 of the state’s 52 districts.
VIRGINIA – EFFORT BLOCKED BY COURT
Virginia voters on April 21 approved a new Democratic-drawn congressional map in a special election that could have flipped four Republican U.S. House seats. But the state Supreme Court on May 8 threw out the results, ruling that Democratic lawmakers did not follow proper procedures when they passed the proposed referendum and put it on the ballot.
UTAH – ONE SEAT
A state judge threw out a Republican-drawn map as illegally partisan and implemented an alternative that is likely to flip one of the state’s four Republican-held seats to Democrats.
MARYLAND – EFFORT STALLED
Democrats in the state House advanced a new map in February that targeted the state’s only Republican member of Congress, a move championed by Democratic Governor Wes Moore and national Democratic leaders. Democrats hold the state’s other seven House districts.
But the state Senate president, Democrat Bill Ferguson, opposed the bill, though he has suggested he might be willing to revisit the issue ahead of 2028.
NEW YORK – EFFORT BLOCKED BY COURT
A New York judge in January ordered the state’s independent redistricting commission to redraw a Republican-held congressional district centered on New York City’s borough of Staten Island, potentially giving Democrats a chance to flip the seat in November. However, the U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority put that decision on hold on March 2, granting a request from the incumbent Republican, Nicole Malliotakis.
Democrats hold 19 of the state’s 26 seats.
Reporting by Joseph Ax; Additional reporting by Andy Sullivan: Editing by Paul Thomasch, Lisa Shumaker, Rosalba O’Brien and Nick Zieminski
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.