更新于 2026 年 2 月 28 日，美国东部时间下午 4:00 | 作者：莎拉·费里斯 | 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
周六，美国国会山的高级民主党人以及少数共和党人惊恐地注视着美国对伊朗发动重大袭击，他们谴责总统唐纳德·特朗普在未获得国会明确批准的情况下，呼吁推翻另一个外国政府。
特朗普在共和党主导的众议院和参议院即将正式辩论和投票决定美国在伊朗的军事行动的前几天下令对德黑兰发动打击。民主党人和至少三名共和党人表示，总统的这一决定（此时国会议员分散在全国各地，且不计划在数日内返回华盛顿）引发了对此次袭击合法性的严重质疑。
“这是对美国国会的一记耳光。总统在没有迫在眉睫威胁的情况下发动了一场非法战争。他没有与国会协商，也没有允许国会进行辩论，就连乔治·W·布什政府时期都做到了这一点。”来自加利福尼亚州的民主党众议员罗·科哈尼周六上午告诉美国有线电视新闻网。
现在，众议院和参议院的民主党领袖——以及以反对干预主义闻名的共和党众议员托马斯·梅西——要求共和党领袖立即召集国会开会，就伊朗局势的军事行动进行正式投票。
“我反对这场战争。这不是‘美国优先’。”来自肯塔基州的梅西表示。
“宪法将宣战或发动战争的权力赋予国会是有原因的，是为了减少战争发生的可能性。”参议院共和党领袖之一、试图限制特朗普战争权力的参议员兰德·保罗同样宣称，并补充道，“我的就职誓言是忠于宪法，因此我必须谨慎地反对另一场总统发动的战争。”
托马斯·梅西众议员在 2 月 24 日的国情咨文演讲中
肯尼·霍尔斯特恩/联合摄影/盖蒂图片社
这些要求国会批准对伊朗军事行动的投票（已原定于本周中举行），将成为对共和党极右翼阵营中一些人的忠诚度的重大考验，这些人多年来一直支持特朗普让美国远离外国战争的承诺。在特朗普在国会缺席的情况下大幅扩大海外权力后，数月来这些共和党人一直对此感到不安。
多位共和党消息人士告诉美国有线电视新闻网，他们认为梅西、保罗以及同样公开谴责未经授权袭击的众议员沃伦·戴维森这三名共和党人，在党内可能孤立无援。即便如此，民主党人认为这可能足以发出谴责。
“我确实认为这有很大的通过机会。这将被视为类似 2002 年国会授权入侵伊拉克的投票。”科哈尼补充道。
即便该法案通过，也可能面临总统否决，而要推翻否决需要三分之二多数票，这可能难以实现。因此，尽管该法案不太可能改变总统的行动，但它将被视为对政府的严厉谴责。
一名共和党人（因获得了有关行动的机密简报而要求匿名）激烈驳斥了特朗普正将国家带入另一场类似伊拉克战争的冲突的说法。该人士认为党内多数人支持总统的行动。
事实上，数十名共和党人在周六上午迅速赞扬了特朗普的行动，包括议长迈克·约翰逊和参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩。但在伊朗袭击的传闻中，共和党内部已有裂痕显现。
俄亥俄州的极端保守派共和党人戴维森已明确表示，他将支持民主党主导的法案，该法案要求特朗普向国会说明任何针对伊朗的军事行动的理由，这对白宫是重大打击。
“不。战争需要国会授权。”戴维森（曾是陆军游骑兵，现任众议院外交事务委员会成员）周六明确表示，他不支持总统在伊朗的行动。
沃伦·戴维森众议员在 2021 年 9 月 30 日的委员会听证会上
阿尔·德拉戈/联合摄影/路透社
此次袭击无疑加剧了许多高层国会议员对白宫在伊朗至委内瑞拉行动中缺乏信息共享的长期不满。尽管国务卿马尔科·卢比奥和中央情报局局长约翰·拉特克利夫本周早些时候向“八人小组”（情报委员会成员）提供了机密更新，但全体国会尚未收到关于伊朗的简报。
消息人士告诉美国有线电视新闻网，尽管卢比奥在夜间袭击前通知了所有“八人小组”成员的可达成员，但这些高层议员并未得到关于法律依据的完整说明。
在周六公开谴责特朗普越权的同时，民主党领袖已在暗中与梅西合作，说服议员们正式谴责白宫。
但与此前国会试图限制特朗普政府的努力一样，少数党面临巨大阻力。据多位知情人士透露，至少有三名亲以色列的民主党人反对此类措施。
两人表示，目前尚不清楚这些民主党人是否会在此次投票中改变立场。另一位民主党消息人士称，众议院民主党人将于周日晚上举行核心小组会议，讨论对此次袭击的政党回应。
即便支持特朗普推动政权更迭的共和党人也表示，国会需要更多参与——尤其是更多简报。
来自北卡罗来纳州的即将退休的共和党参议员汤姆·蒂利斯表示，特朗普“正确地认定，这个神权独裁政权不能被允许存在”。但他也明确表示，他期望白宫就行动细节作出坦诚说明。
“我预计所有国会议员很快都会收到关于‘史诗 Fury 行动’的简报，并确定是否需要国会授权采取更广泛的行动或进一步的军事行动。”蒂利斯说。
就在袭击发生前，另一位即将退休的温和派共和党人、内布拉斯加州的众议员唐·培根告诉美国有线电视新闻网，他渴望与白宫进行更多对话。
“我希望进行对话。总统早些时候谈到了政权更迭，现在他专注于核问题。我认为在这个政权下，你永远无法获得一个核安全的环境。所以最终，这个政权无法存续。它造成了约 2000 名美国人的死亡，因此我对此没有疑虑。”培根（在空军服役近 30 年）本周早些时候表示。
“我们不想派遣地面部队，但我们应该狠狠地打击他们。”他补充道。
美国有线电视新闻网的摩根·里默、泰德·巴雷特、马努·拉朱、阿莱娜·特林恩和萨曼莎·沃尔登伯格对此报道有贡献。
Congress to vote on Trump’s war powers in aftermath of Iran strikes
Updated Feb 28, 2026, 4:00 PM ET | By Sarah Ferris | CNN
Top Capitol Hill Democrats, and a small number of Republicans, watched in alarm Saturday as the US launched a major assault on Iran, decrying President Donald Trump’s call for the overthrow of another foreign government without their expressed approval.
Trump ordered the strikes on Tehran just days before the GOP-led House and Senate are each set to formally debate and vote on US military action in Iran. Democrats, along with at least three Republicans, say the president’s decision, with lawmakers scattered across the nation and not planning to return to Washington for days, raises serious questions about the legality of the attack.
“It’s a slap in the face of the United States Congress. The president has launched an illegal war when there is no imminent threat. He did not consult with Congress or allow for a debate in Congress, which even George W. Bush did,” Democratic Rep. Ro Khanna of California told CNN on Saturday morning.
Now, House and Senate Democratic leaders — as well as the famously anti-interventionist Republican Rep. Thomas Massie — are demanding that GOP leaders bring Congress back into session immediately to hold a formal vote on the unfolding conflict in Iran.
“I am opposed to this War. This is not ‘America First,’” said Massie of Kentucky.
“The Constitution conferred the power to declare or initiate war to Congress for a reason, to make war less likely,” Sen. Rand Paul, a leading Republican in the Senate effort to curb Trump’s war authority, similarly declared, adding that his “oath of office is to the Constitution, so with studied care, I must oppose another Presidential war.”
Rep. Thomas Massie at the State of the Union address on February 24, in Washington, DC.
Kenny Holston/Pool/Getty Images
Those votes to require congressional approval for military action against Iran, which were already set for midweek, will amount to a major test of loyalty for some of the GOP’s far-right flank, who have for years championed Trump’s promise of keeping America out of foreign wars. Those Republicans will be forced to take a public stance after months of simmering consternation over Trump’s legal authority as he has dramatically expanded powers abroad with Congress on the sidelines.
Multiple GOP sources told CNN they believe those three Republicans — Massie, Paul and Rep. Warren Davidson, who has also publicly condemned the attack without authorization — are likely on an island in their own party. Even so, Democrats believe it might be enough to deliver the rebukes.
“I do think this has a real chance of passing. And it’s going to be seen like the Iraq war vote,” Khanna added, referring to the historic 2002 vote in Congress that authorized the US invasion of Iraq.
Even if the measure passes, it is subject to a presidential veto, and a two-thirds vote to override could be a challenge to reach. So while it would be unlikely to change the president’s actions, it would be seen as a stunning rebuke of the administration.
One Republican, speaking to the CNN on the condition of anonymity because they had received classified briefings on the operation, fiercely disputed that Trump was leading the nation into another conflict akin to the Iraq War. The person believed there was wide support in the party for the president’s actions.
Indeed, dozens of Republicans were quick to praise Trump’s actions on Saturday morning, including Speaker Mike Johnson and Senate Majority Leader John Thune. But there have been signs of cracks in the GOP in recent days amid rumblings of an Iran assault.
One ultraconservative Republican, Davidson of Ohio, already telegraphed that he planned to support the Democratic-led bill that would have formally ordered Trump to make the case to Congress for any military actions in Iran, in a major affront to the White House.
“No. War requires Congressional authorization,” Davidson, a former Army Ranger who sits on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said Saturday, unequivocally stating he did not support the president’s action in Iran.
Rep. Warren Davidson during a committee hearing in Washington, September 30, 2021.
Al Drago/Pool/Reuters
The attack is sure to compound months of simmering frustration among many top lawmakers about the White House’s lack of information-sharing related to operations from Iran to Venezuela. The full Congress has not received a briefing related to Iran, though Secretary of State Marco Rubio and CIA Director John Ratcliffe did deliver a classified update to the “Gang of Eight” earlier this week.
And while Rubio notified all reachable members of the Gang of Eight congressional leaders in advance of the overnight strikes, those top lawmakers were not given a full accounting of the legal justification, multiple sources familiar with the matter told CNN.
As they publicly condemned Trump on Saturday for having overstepped his authority, Democratic leaders had already been quietly working with Massie to convince lawmakers to deliver an official rebuke to the White House.
But as with previous attempts to constrain the Trump administration from Capitol Hill, the minority party faced significant headwinds. At least three pro-Israel Democrats were opposed to such a measure, according to multiple people familiar with the plans.
It remained unclear whether those Democrats would now approach the vote differently, two people said. House Democrats will hold a caucus call on Sunday evening to discuss the party’s response to the attack, another Democratic source said.
Even Republicans who support Trump’s push for regime change have said Congress needs to have more input — and particularly more briefings.
Sen. Thom Tillis, a retiring Republican from North Carolina, said Trump “rightfully determined that this theocratic dictatorship cannot be allowed.” But he was also clear that he expected the White House to be forthcoming about the operation’s details.
“I expect all members of Congress will soon be briefed about Operation Epic Fury and determine whether a broader scope and further military action requires an authorization by Congress,” Tillis said.
Just ahead of the attack, another retiring centrist, GOP Rep. Don Bacon of Nebraska, told CNN he was eager for more talks with the White House.
“I’d like to have a dialogue. The president, early on, talked about regime change. Now he’s focusing on nuclear. I don’t think you’re ever going to get a nuclear-safe environment with this regime. So in the end, this regime cannot stand. It killed about 2,000 Americans so I don’t have any concerns with that,” Bacon, who spent nearly 30 years in the Air Force, said earlier this week.
“We don’t want boots on the ground, but we should bomb the crap out of them,” he added.
CNN’s Morgan Rimmer, Ted Barrett, Manu Raju, Alayna Treene and Samantha Waldenberg contributed to this report.