2026年6月9日 / 美国东部时间上午11:50 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
美国社会保障局的受托人报告显示，该项目预计将于2032年底陷入资不抵债的境地，届时受益人的月度养老金将被削减22%。
社会保障为超过7000万美国人提供收入保障。全面的福利削减将对退休人员、残疾劳动者及其遗属造成严重影响，尤其是在生活成本不断上涨的背景下。
据左翼智库预算与政策优先中心的数据，社会保障是美国帮助最多民众摆脱贫困的项目。
在去年的报告中，该项目的受托人预计，向退休人员和已故劳动者遗属发放福利的老年及遗属保险基金将于2033年耗尽。今年8月，该机构将资不抵债的日期提前至2032年底，理由是《一项宏伟法案》对福利征税产生了影响。
周二，美国社会保障局表示，基金耗尽后，该局将仅能支付78%的福利金。
长期以来，社会保障一直面临资金压力，不过由于经济和人口因素的变化，信托基金耗尽的预计年份每年都会有所变动。核心挑战在于美国人口老龄化：领取福利的美国人越来越多，而通过工资税为该项目提供支持的劳动者数量却在减少，迫使社会保障基金不断动用储备金。
一个常见的误区是，资不抵债意味着社会保障将无法再支付福利。实际上，受益人仍将继续收到月度支票，只不过金额会有所减少——美国老年人权益倡导者警告称，这种情况可能会导致数百万受益人陷入经济困境。
“受托人报告本质上是对社会保障的年度财务体检，”美国退休人员协会公共政策研究所金融安全副总裁理查德·约翰逊在5月28日讨论该项目财务问题的电话会议上表示。
他补充道：“在谈论社会保障偿付能力日期时，准确理解资不抵债的含义和不含义至关重要。这并不意味着社会保障将停止支付福利，也不意味着该项目已经破产。社会保障将继续从劳动者和雇主那里收取工资税收入。”
预计的削减幅度
根据无党派财政政策责任联邦预算委员会本月早些时候发布的一份报告，基于去年的受托人报告，如果社会保障退休信托基金资不抵债，受益人的月度养老金平均将被削减约500美元。
分析发现，这一削减幅度相当于典型福利金的24%。
包括美国退休人员协会在内的维权组织长期以来一直敦促国会加强社会保障的财务状况。相关提案通常涉及增加额外收入、削减未来福利，或是两者结合。一些共和党人提议将全额退休年龄提高到67岁以上，而许多民主党人则支持增加工资税收入。
例如，一些倡导者呼吁取消工资税的收入上限。目前，年收入超过18.45万美元的劳动者无需为超出该额度的部分缴纳社会保障税。
Social Security insolvency now projected for 2032, putting benefits at risk of a 22% cut
June 9, 2026 / 11:50 AM EDT / CBS News
Social Security’s trustees report said the program is on track to become insolvent by the end of 2032, when the program’s beneficiaries will get a 22% cut in their monthly checks.
Social Security guarantees income to over 70 million Americans. Across-the-board benefit cuts would significantly impact retirees, disabled workers and survivors, especially amid rising living costs.
Social Security keeps more Americans out of poverty than any other program in the U.S., according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a left-leaning think tank.
In last year’s report, the program’s trustees projected that the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance fund, which pays benefits to retirees and survivors of deceased workers, would be depleted in 2033. In August, the agency moved the insolvency date to the end of 2032, citing the One Big Beautiful Bill Act’s effect on taxation of benefits.
On Tuesday, the Social Security Administration said the agency would pay 78% of benefits upon insolvency.
Social Security has long faced funding pressures, though the projected trust fund depletion date shifts from year to year as economic and demographic factors change. The core challenge is an aging U.S. population: More Americans are collecting benefits, while fewer workers support the program through payroll taxes, forcing Social Security to draw down its trust funds.
A common misconception is that insolvency would mean Social Security could no longer pay benefits. Instead, beneficiaries would continue receiving monthly checks, although at reduced levels — an outcome advocates for older Americans warn could create financial hardship for millions of the program’s beneficiaries.
“The Trustees report is essentially an annual financial checkup for Social Security,” said Richard Johnson, vice president of financial security at the AARP Public Policy Institute, in a May 28 conference call to discuss the program’s financial issues.
He added, “When we talk about Social Security solvency date, it’s important to be precise about what insolvency means and what it doesn’t mean. It doesn’t mean that Social Security will stop paying benefits. It does not mean the program is bankrupt. Social Security will continue to receive payroll tax revenue from workers and employers.”
Projected cuts
Based on last year’s Trustees report, Social Security’s beneficiaries could see their monthly benefit checks slashed by an average of about $500 if the program’s retirement trust fund becomes insolvent, according to a report published earlier this month by the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a fiscal policy think tank.
The reduction would amount to a 24% cut in the typical benefit payment, the analysis found.
Advocacy groups, including AARP, have long urged Congress to strengthen Social Security’s finances. Proposals generally involve either raising additional revenue, reducing future benefits or some combination of the two. Some Republicans have proposed raising the full retirement age above 67, while many Democrats favor increasing payroll tax revenue.
For instance, some advocates have pushed to eliminate the income cap on the payroll tax. Currently, workers who earn over $184,500 don’t pay Social Security taxes on any amount above that.