2026-06-09T15:30:20.746Z / reuters.com
- 美国海关与边境保护局正在处理近900亿美元的第一阶段关税退税申请
- 复杂案件涉及已清算关税，需通过诉讼申请退税
- 进口商寻求集体认证以简化退税流程，避免个体诉讼
纽约6月9日路透社电——美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）官员将于周二前往联邦贸易法院，试图找到途径退还数百亿美元此前征收、后来被最高法院认定为非法的关税。
曼哈顿国际贸易法院的理查德·伊顿法官将此次听证会定位为一场谈判会议，旨在梳理如何退还1660亿美元非法关税中剩余的部分。
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“本案所有实体法要么已由最高法院作出裁决，要么属于既定法律范畴，”伊顿在6月3日公布于法院案卷的一封信中写道，“剩下的工作只能说是和解谈判。”
美国海关与边境保护局表示，该局已接受并开始处理近900亿美元的退税申请，该局估计所谓的第一阶段退税案件最多可达1270亿美元，这类案件难度最低。该局在6月4日的法院文件中称，已有220亿美元退税完成并送交财政部，以便发放给进口商。
下一阶段涉及法律上更为复杂的旧案，即所谓的已清算关税。进口商通常先缴纳预估关税，约一年后由美国海关与边境保护局最终确定关税金额，这一过程称为清算。美国海关与边境保护局表示，仅在特定情况下或进口商提起诉讼时，才能处理已清算关税的退税申请。
占进口商绝大多数的小型企业担心，诉讼成本以及相关的时间和精力投入可能不值得为获得退税付出这些努力。
伊顿6月3日的这封信是针对美国政府反对他要求美国海关与边境保护局局长出席周二听证会的回应。美国联邦巡回上诉法院随后暂时搁置了该命令，伊顿同意允许美国海关与边境保护局派出级别较低的官员出席。
美国海关与边境保护局还辩称，最高法院去年裁定联邦法官无权发布全国性禁令。
为规避这一潜在问题，企业已请求伊顿认证所有缴纳过非法关税的进口商为集体诉讼方。设立进口商集体诉讼群体，可让伊顿发布一项适用于所有进口商的统一命令，简化退税流程，无需每个进口商都提起诉讼。
美国最高法院今年2月裁定，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普根据紧急经济法律征收的关税非法。此后，以关税为核心贸易政策的特朗普政府转而利用其他法律权限征收新关税。
汤姆·哈尔斯在特拉华州威尔明顿报道；安德里亚·里奇编辑
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报道纽约联邦法院相关新闻。此前曾任委内瑞拉和阿根廷通讯员。
US customs agency, trade judge to seek path to final tariff refunds
2026-06-09T15:30:20.746Z / reuters.com
Shipping containers wait to be transported along a railroad at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, California, U.S., March 10, 2026. REUTERS/Caroline Brehman Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- CBP processing nearly $90 billion in Phase 1 tariff refund claims
- Complex cases involve liquidated tariffs, requiring lawsuits for refunds
- Importers seek class certification to streamline refunds, avoid individual lawsuits
NEW YORK, June 9 (Reuters) – Officials from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency head to a federal trade court on Tuesday to try to find a way to refund tens of billions of dollars of tariffs that were collected and later deemed illegal by the Supreme Court.
Judge Richard Eaton of the Court of International Trade in Manhattan has framed the hearing as a negotiating session to sort out what needs to be done to return the remaining chunk of the $166 billion in illegal tariffs.
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“All of the substantive law in this case has either been decided by the Supreme Court, or is the subject of settled law,” Eaton wrote in a letter that appeared on the court docket on June 3. “All that remains are, what might be termed, settlement negotiations.”
The CBP has said that it has accepted and started processing claims for nearly $90 billion in refunds of what it estimates could be up to $127 billion in so-called Phase 1 refunds, which are the least-complicated cases. The CBP said in a June 4 court filing that $22 billion in refunds have been completed and sent to the Treasury Department for distribution to importers.
The next phase involves more legally complicated and older, so-called liquidated tariffs. An importer typically pays an estimated tariff and around a year later the CBP finalizes the tariff amount, which is called liquidation. CBP has said it can only process liquidated tariffs in certain situations or if the importer sues.
Smaller companies, which make up the vast bulk of importers, fear the cost of suing and the time and distraction involved might not be worth the effort to obtain a refund.
Eaton wrote the June 3 letter in response to the government resisting his order that the CBP commissioner appear at Tuesday’s hearing. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit later temporarily stayed that order and Eaton agreed to allow CBP to send a lower-ranking official.
The CBP has also argued that the Supreme Court ruled last year that federal judges lack the authority to issue nationwide injunctions.
To circumvent that potential problem, companies have asked Eaton to certify a class of all importers who paid the illegal tariffs. Creating a class of importers could give Eaton a path to issue a single order that would apply to all importers and simplify the refund process without the need for each importer to file a lawsuit.
The U.S. Supreme Court struck down tariffs U.S. President Donald Trump imposed under an emergency economic law in February. The Trump administration, which has put tariffs at the center of its trade policy, has since used other legal authorities to impose new tariffs.
Reporting by Tom Hals in Wilmington, Delaware; Editing by Andrea Ricci
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Reports on the New York federal courts. Previously worked as a correspondent in Venezuela and Argentina.