2026年6月30日 美国东部时间12:21 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿讯 美国最高法院周二表示，将审议第二修正案是否保障公民持有AR-15式步枪的权利。
最高法院在一份简短命令中同意受理两起挑战地方和州级AR-15及同类半自动步枪禁令的案件。一起涉及伊利诺伊州库克县的法令，另一起则以康涅狄格州的法律为核心争议点。
大法官们将在10月开启的下一开庭期内审理这两起案件的口头辩论。
这是最高法院首次审议限制特定类型枪支准入的法律是否合法。在2022年的一项标志性判决中，最高法院首次确认，第二修正案保障公民在公共场所持枪自卫的权利。但此前，最高法院一直拒绝受理涉及伊利诺伊州和马里兰州AR-15及同类半自动步枪禁令的挑战，相关禁令得以继续生效。
本月早些时候，最高法院裁定不得因偶尔吸食大麻而禁止公民持有枪支，并推翻了夏威夷州一项一般性禁令——该禁令禁止隐蔽持枪持证者将枪支带入对公众开放的私人场所，除非获得场所所有者的许可。
康涅狄格州的AR-15禁令
其中一起案件的核心是康涅狄格州的法律，该法将持有所谓的“攻击性武器”定为犯罪，其中包括AR-15在内的多款半自动步枪。康涅狄格州早在1993年就首次出台了攻击性武器禁令。2012年纽敦镇桑迪胡克小学发生大规模枪击案，一名枪手使用AR-15式步枪和大容量弹匣杀害了26名儿童和教师，此后该州收紧了枪支限制规定。
根据该州规定，居民可以持有包括多款半自动手枪、步枪和霰弹枪在内的多种枪支。目前已有14个州和哥伦比亚特区限制民众获取半自动武器。
包括全国步枪权利协会在内的两批原告群体，以及多名希望拥有AR-15步枪的康涅狄格州居民，对该限制措施的合宪性提出挑战，辩称其违反了第二修正案赋予的权利。
在两起案件中，联邦地区法官均拒绝叫停禁令，而合并审理相关挑战的美国第二巡回上诉法院也维持了原判。由三名法官组成的合议庭认定，康涅狄格州的禁令符合美国枪支监管的历史传统，并适用了最高法院2022年确立的审查枪支法律合宪性的新标准。
第二巡回上诉法院在判决书中称，AR系列步枪“具有危险性且不常见”，“尤其适合用于犯罪暴力”。同时，法院指出康涅狄格州的禁令仍允许居民持有“许多受欢迎的武器，包括立法机构认定用于自卫和其他合法用途时危险性较低的半自动武器”。
枪支所有者已向最高法院提起上诉，并辩称康涅狄格州的AR-15禁令覆盖了“全美最受欢迎的步枪”，这类枪支为数千万美国人所持有。
库克县的法令
涵盖芝加哥市的库克县近20年前颁布了禁止“攻击性武器”的法令。根据该法律，出售、转让或持有半自动步枪（包括AR-15和AK-47），以及可容纳超过10发子弹弹匣且具备特定特征的步枪均属违法。违反该禁令者最高可判处6个月监禁，并处至少5000美元罚款。
2021年8月，两名希望购买被禁半自动步枪的库克县居民，以及两个枪支权利组织提起诉讼，主张攻击性武器禁令违反第二修正案。
在案件审理过程中，最高法院于2022年6月作出标志性判决，首次确认持枪权延伸至户外场所。最高法院的该判决同时确立了审查枪支法律合宪性的新框架，要求政府证明某项限制措施植根于美国枪支监管的历史和传统。
在此期间，伊利诺伊州通过了全州范围内的攻击性武器禁令，美国第七巡回上诉法院维持了该禁令。因此，联邦地区法院驳回了针对库克县半自动步枪限制措施的挑战，第七巡回上诉法院也维持了这一判决。
Supreme Court takes up challenges to AR-15 bans
June 30, 2026 12:21 PM EDT / CBS News
Washington — The Supreme Court on Tuesday said it will consider whether the Second Amendment guarantees the right to have AR-15-style rifles.
In a brief order, the high court agreed to take up a pair of cases challenging local and state laws outlawing AR-15s and similar semi-automatic rifles. One involves an ordinance in Cook County, Illinois, and the other centers on Connecticut’s law.
The justices will hear arguments in the cases in its next term, which begins in October.
The cases are the first in which the high court will weigh the legality of laws restricting access to certain types of firearms. In a landmark 2022 decision, the Supreme Court recognized for the first time that the Second Amendment guarantees the right to carry a gun in public for self defense. But the justices had — until now — declined to take up challenges involving bans on AR-15s and similar semiautomatic rifles in Illinois and Maryland, leaving the laws in place.
Earlier this month, the Supreme Court ruled that occassional marijuana users cannot be prohibited from having firearms, and it struck down a Hawaii measure that generally barred concealed carry permit holders from bringing their guns onto private property open to the public, unless they received permission from the owner.
The Connecticut AR-15 ban
One of the cases centers on Connecticut’s laws that make it a crime to possess so-called assault weapons, including certain semiautomatic rifles like the AR-15. Connecticut first adopted an assault-weapon ban in 1993. The state tightened its restrictions after the 2012 mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, when a gunman armed with an AR-15-style rifle and large-capacity magazines killed 26 children and teachers.
Residents can have a wide range of firearms, including many semiautomatic handguns, rifles and shotguns, according to the state. Fourteen states and the District of Columbia restrict access to semiautomatic weapons.
Two separate groups of plaintiffs, which include the National Association for Gun Rights and several Connecticut residents who want to own AR-15s, challenged the constitutionality of the restrictions, arguing their Second Amendment rights were violated.
In both cases, federal district judges declined to block the bans, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit, which considered the challenges together, affirmed that decision. The three-judge panel found that Connecticut’s ban is consistent with the country’s historical tradition of firearms regulation, applying a new test for reviewing the constitutionality of gun laws that the Supreme Court set out in 2022.
The 2nd Circuit said in its decision that AR-style rifles are “dangerous and unusual” and “particularly suited for criminal violence.” It also noted that Connecticut’s ban still allows residents to own “many popular weapons, including semiautomatic weapons deemed to be less dangerous by the legislature for self-defense and other lawful purposes.”
The gun owners appealed to the Supreme Court and argued that Connecticut’s ban on AR-15s covers “the most popular rifle in the country,” one that is owned by 10s of millions of Americans.
Cook County’s law
Cook County, which includes Chicago, enacted its ordinance banning “assault weapons” nearly 20 years ago. Under the law, it is illegal to sell, transfer or possess semiautomatic rifles, including the AR-15 and AK-47, as well as rifles that are capable of accepting magazines that hold more than 10 rounds of ammunition and have certain features. Violators of the ban are subject to up to six months in prison and a minimum $5,000 fine.
In August 2021, two Cook County residents who want to acquire banned semiautomatic rifles, as well as two gun rights groups, filed a lawsuit arguing that the assault-weapons ban violates the Second Amendment.
While their case was pending, the Supreme Court issued its landmark June 2022 decision that recognized for the first time that the right to carry firearms extends to outside the home. The high court’s ruling also set out a new framework for examining the constitutionality of gun laws, which requires the government to show that a restriction is rooted in the nation’s history and tradition of firearms regulation.
Also during that time, the state of Illinois passed its own statewide assault-weapons ban, which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit upheld. As a result, a federal district court rejected the challenge to Cook County’s restriction on semiautomatic rifles. The 7th Circuit then upheld that decision.
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