2026年6月12日 美国东部时间下午1:42 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者：凯特琳·伊莱克 政治记者
凯特琳·伊莱克是哥伦比亚广播公司新闻网驻华盛顿特区政治记者。她曾就职于《华盛顿考察家报》和《国会山报》，并入选美国国家新闻基金会2022年保罗·米勒华盛顿报道奖学金项目。
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华盛顿讯 —— 一项允许政府无需搜查令即可收集外国情报的关键监控工具再次濒临到期。除非在最后一刻采取干预措施，这项名为《外国情报监控法》第702条的间谍授权法案将于周六凌晨12点失效，此前特朗普总统提名的负责美国情报机构的人选令该法案的延期进程复杂化。
自总统宣布提名联邦住房金融局局长比尔·普尔特尔临时担任国家情报总监以来，民主党一直反对延长该授权。除了普尔特尔缺乏国家安全相关经验外，民主党还抨击他曾以抵押贷款欺诈为由调查特朗普的一些政治对手。
长期以来，议员们一直在警告让第702条过期的风险。国会情报委员会成员表示，总统每日情报简报中约60%的信息都来自该法案收集的内容，他们认为这是对国家安全至关重要的工具。
但该条款仍存在争议：多年来，两党中秉持公民自由理念的议员一直强烈反对，他们推动要求对意外收集到的美国人数据进行搜查令审批，但未能成功。改革诉求导致国会自该法案最初于4月到期以来两次推迟处理该问题。
以下是关于后续事态发展你需要了解的内容。
第702条是什么？
第702条于2008年首次获得授权，允许政府无需搜查令即可收集境外外国人的电子通信内容。
参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩指出，联邦政府各级政策制定者都会定期依赖该法案提供的信息。
“这项计划让美国人更安全，”这位南达科他州共和党人周四在参议院发言时表示。“从702项目中获取的情报拯救了美国人的生命——无论是在冲突地区、阻止恐怖袭击，还是阻止毒贩将毒品运入美国。”
情报界今年早些时候提交给众议院共和党人的文件显示，“没有其他外国情报授权机构能够复制第702条的速度、灵活性和洞察力”。
“《外国情报监控法》第702条通常是在获取其他情报来源极其危险和/或成本高昂的地区的主要甚至唯一情报来源，”文件中写道。这些内容最早由《政客》杂志报道，白宫也确认曾发送过此类文件。
虽然国会会重新授权允许收集通信内容的法律框架，但名为外国情报监控法院的秘密法庭会在最多一年的时间内，按照特定参数授权政府开展监控项目。
在法院批准可收集的外国情报信息类别，并认定政府遵循了适当的 targeting 程序后，政府将确定目标对象，并从美国境内的电子通信服务提供商处收集相关数据，这些服务商将被法律强制要求提供协助。
如果第702条到期会发生什么？
一些民主党议员和法律专家表示，外国情报监控法院对该项目的重新认证将持续到明年3月，这为法案日落之后提供了缓冲。
“第702条不会失效，”布伦南中心自由与国家安全项目高级主任伊丽莎白·戈廷表示。“那只是个谣言。”
伊利诺伊州民主党参议员迪克·德宾表示，该法案“明确规定，《外国情报监控法》的授权将保持有效且可执行”，直至明年重新认证到期。
“它不会失效，”德宾本周对记者表示。“但这并不意味着我们不应该及时处理此事。”
众议院司法委员会最高民主党议员、马里兰州众议员杰米·拉斯金认为，“周五之后政府的监控活动将继续保持不变”。
“所有已获得授权和认证的内容都已在运行中，当前的《外国情报监控法》授权将继续不受影响，至少持续到2027年3月17日，”他说。
参议院情报委员会副主席、因担忧普尔特尔的领导能力而反对延期的弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员马克·沃纳周四承认，法案过期可能会带来危险。但当被问及对世界杯等重大活动的影响时，他指出，“这不是情报界拥有的唯一工具”。
通信服务商可能在第702条到期后不再配合政府
沃纳表示，周五之后通信服务商是否还会配合政府的数据请求存在疑问，他将这种情况称为“高风险提议”。沃纳称，2024年曾有几家大型公司威胁停止参与该项目，当时国会在一系列联邦调查局滥用该项目导致法案险些到期后，达成了将第702条延期两年的协议。
“我认为只要能获得赔偿，他们并不介意参与，”沃纳说。“如果赔偿条款消失——这就是我们一直努力避免让法案过期的原因。”
但也有人指出，此次过期存在不确定性，毕竟自第702条授权以来，该法案从未过期过。
众议院情报委员会主席、阿肯色州共和党众议员里克·克劳福德也指出，如果该法案过期，服务提供商可能会拒绝配合政府的数据请求。
布伦南中心的戈廷表示，法律明确规定，无论第702条是否过期，该项目现有的认证和指令都将持续有效至其到期日。她表示，这一祖父条款的法律效力在2008年得到过检验，当时第702条之前的法案过期，情报法院下令雅虎遵守相关指令。
“那次诉讼之后，国会加强了祖父条款，这意味着如今法律规定得更加明确，”她说。
702数据库“将日益过时”
克劳福德周三表示，该间谍权力的过期将是“未知领域”。
“一旦该授权到期，时钟就开始滴答作响，”他在众议院发言时表示。“影响每天都在恶化。虽然702数据库仍可用于搜索，但其中的数据将日益过时。”
众议院议长、路易斯安那州共和党人迈克·约翰逊周四在众议院未能通过短期延期法案后警告称，民主党正面临“我国海岸线上的严重灾难”。另有19名共和党议员投票反对该延期法案。
德克萨斯州众议员基思·塞尔夫是投反对票的共和党议员之一，他称此类言论是“恐吓战术”。
“《外国情报监控法》不会失效。我们有法律依据，也有2008年的先例，”他说。
民主与技术中心安全与监控项目副主任杰克·拉佩鲁克表示，值得注意的是，众议院即将休会一周，而非留在华盛顿寻求解决方案。
“如果他们真的认为这是真正的威胁，就不会坐飞机回家了，”他说。
他补充道：“我们现在非常有信心，在进入日落期后，运营活动不会有任何变化。”
众议院原定6月23日才会返回华盛顿。
濑户山诚一郎对本文亦有贡献。
A key spy authority, Section 702, is expiring due to inaction in Congress. Here’s what happens next
June 12, 2026 1:42 PM EDT / CBS News
By Caitlin Yilek Politics Reporter
Caitlin Yilek is a politics reporter at CBSNews.com, based in Washington, D.C. She previously worked for the Washington Examiner and The Hill, and was a member of the 2022 Paul Miller Washington Reporting Fellowship with the National Press Foundation.
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Washington — A key surveillance tool that lets the government collect foreign intelligence without a warrant is again at the brink of expiration. Barring an 11th-hour intervention, the spy authority, known as Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, is set to lapse at 12 a.m. Saturday after President Trump’s pick to oversee the nation’s intelligence agencies complicated its renewal.
Democrats have opposed extending the authority since the president announced that he had selected Bill Pulte, the head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, to temporarily serve as director of national intelligence. In addition to his lack of national security experience, Democrats railed against Pulte for his efforts to go after some of Mr. Trump’s political foes on allegations of mortgage fraud.
Lawmakers have long sounded the alarm about the risks of letting Section 702 expire. Those who serve on congressional intelligence committees say that about 60% of the president’s daily intelligence briefing is derived from information collected under the law, and they consider it a tool that is critically important to national security.
But it’s still controversial: the provision already faced stiff opposition from civil liberties-minded lawmakers in both parties who have unsuccessfully pushed for years to implement a requirement for a warrant to search Americans’ data that’s incidentally swept up in the collection. Demands for reforms led Congress to punt the issue twice since its initial expiration in April.
Here’s what to know about what happens next.
What does Section 702 do?
Section 702 was first authorized in 2008 and allows the government to sweep up the electronic communications of foreigners abroad without a warrant.
Senate Majority Leader John Thune has noted that policymakers across the federal government rely on the information it provides on a regular basis.
“It is a program that makes Americans more safe,” the South Dakota Republican said on the Senate floor Thursday. “The intelligence derived from the 702 program is something that has saved American lives — in theaters of conflict, preventing terrorist attacks, preventing drug runners from getting drugs into this country.”
Documents prepared by the intelligence community and sent to House Republicans earlier this year said “no other foreign intelligence authority can replicate Section 702’s speed, agility, and insights.”
“FISA Section 702 is often the primary or only source of intelligence in areas where access to other sources of collection would be extremely dangerous and/or costly,” the documents said. They were first reported by Politico, and the White House confirmed sending them.
While Congress reauthorizes the legal framework that allows for the collection of the communications, a secretive court known as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court authorizes the government to conduct the surveillance programs under certain parameters for up to a year.
After the court greenlights what categories of foreign intelligence information can be collected and determines the government is following appropriate targeting procedures, the government decides whom to target and gathers that data from U.S.-based electronic communications service providers, who are legally compelled to assist.
What happens if Section 702 expires?
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court’s recertification of the program through March provides cover after the law sunsets, according to some Democratic lawmakers and legal experts.
“Section 702 will not go dark,” said Elizabeth Goitein, the senior director of the Brennan Center’s Liberty and National Security Program. “That is a myth.”
Democratic Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois said the statute “makes it clear that the authorities of FISA are going to be positive and enforceable” until the recertification runs out next year.
“It will not lapse,” Durbin told reporters this week. “That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do this on a timely basis.”
Rep. Jamie Raskin of Maryland, the top Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, argued that “government surveillance activities will continue unchanged” after Friday.
“Everything that’s already been authorized and certified is already in motion, and current FISA authorizations will continue unaffected, at least through March 17, 2027,” he said.
Sen. Mark Warner, the vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee who has opposed the extension due to his concerns over Pulte’s leadership, acknowledged Thursday that the expiration could be dangerous. But he noted, when asked about implications for major events like the World Cup, that it’s “not the only tool the intelligence community has.”
Communications providers may not cooperate with the government once Section 702 expires
Warner, a Virginia Democrat, said there are questions around whether communications providers would cooperate with the government’s requests after Friday, calling the scenario “a high-risk proposition.” Warner said a couple major companies threatened to stop participating in 2024 before Congress reached a deal to renew Section 702 for two years after a series of abuses by the FBI caused the program to nearly expire.
“I think they don’t mind participating as long as they get indemnification,” Warner said. “If the indemnification goes away — that’s why we’ve always tried to not get into this territory of having it expire.”
But others have pointed to the uncertainty surrounding a lapse, which has never occurred since Section 702 was authorized.
Republican Rep. Rick Crawford of Arkansas, the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, also cited the potential for service providers to refuse to comply with the government’s requests for data if the statute lapses.
The Brennan Center’s Goitein said the law makes clear that the program’s existing certifications and directives remain in force until their expiration date, regardless of whether Section 702 lapses. She said the legal effect of the grandfathering clause was tested in 2008 when the statute preceding Section 702 lapsed and the intelligence court ordered Yahoo to comply with a directive.
“After that lawsuit, Congress strengthened the grandfathering provision, meaning that the law is even clearer today,” she said.
702 database “will become increasingly out of date”
Crawford said Wednesday that a lapse in the spy power would be “uncharted territory.”
“Once this authorization expires, the clock starts ticking,” he said on the House floor. “The implications get worse every single day. While the 702 database would remain available to search, the data in that database will become increasingly out of date.”
House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Louisiana Republican, warned Thursday after the House failed to pass a short-term extension that Democrats risked “a serious calamity on our shores.” Nineteen Republicans also voted against the extension.
Rep. Keith Self of Texas, who was one of those Republicans, called such rhetoric “scare tactics.”
“FISA isn’t going dark. We have the law. We have precedent from 2008,” he said.
Jake Laperruque, the deputy director of the Center for Democracy and Technology’s Security and Surveillance Project, said it was notable that the House is heading home for a weeklong recess instead of staying in Washington to find a resolution.
“They would not be flying off to go home if they actually thought it was a real threat,” he said.
He added, “We feel really confident at this point that there is not going to be any change to operational activities when we hit the sunset period.”
The House is not due to return to Washington until June 23.
Seiji Yamashita contributed to this report.
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