2026年6月12日 美国东部时间下午2:27 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
SpaceX位于得克萨斯州星基地的总部地处该州最南端的里奥格兰德河谷，在绵延数英里的尘土飞扬的土路尽头，这座总部几乎是意外地映入眼帘。
在SpaceX入驻之前，这片区域主要以沿海野生动物资源闻名，尤其是观鸟胜地。当地居民表示，这里原本只有几十栋住宅，大多是退休人员的冬季度假屋，而最近的大城市布朗斯维尔位于与墨西哥马塔莫罗斯的边境线上，距离这里超过20英里。
两座城市形成了鲜明对比。星基地是一座企业城，居民大多是从奥斯汀、旧金山等城市搬迁过来的新移民，他们来此不是为了观鸟，而是为了工作。布朗斯维尔的人口以拉美裔为主，当地居民主要从事农业和捕虾业。
不过星基地和布朗斯维尔也共享资源，一些SpaceX员工居住在人口约19.2万的布朗斯维尔，并将子女送入该市的学校就读。
根据公司记录，SpaceX在其星基地设施雇佣了4000多名员工，其中约70%来自当地。该公司计划今年将员工总数几乎翻倍至约8000人。
上周五，SpaceX的股票正式上市，成为有史以来规模最大的首次公开募股，公司的发展迎来了重大飞跃。此次IPO瞬间将该公司的市值推高至2万亿美元以上，也让SpaceX创始人埃隆·马斯克成为首位身家至少1万亿美元的富豪。
经营着得克萨斯州附近波蒂索贝尔市“El Buen Pescador”餐厅的马可·科罗拉多表示，SpaceX为生意带来了利好，不仅吸引了公司员工，还有其他被火箭发射活动吸引而来的游客。
“每次有发射活动或者相关事件，我们这里都会爆满，”科罗拉多说道。他指出，SpaceX的顾客很容易辨认——他们通常会开着特斯拉汽车前来。
在附近的波蒂索贝尔市兼营体育用品博物馆的“双日冠军酒吧”餐厅，店主米凯尔·伊诺霍萨也见证了类似的生意激增。
伊诺霍萨将SpaceX带动的生意称为“一种新型旅游业”。在火箭发射日，顾客们会聚集在露台观看升空，随后回到室内，通过电视观看火箭划破长空的过程。
“这对生意来说是好事，但也有不利的一面。在我们的博物馆里，发射时炮弹展品都会倾倒。我们不想破坏已经拥有的旅游业，”伊诺霍萨说道。
布朗斯维尔的其他居民则更公开地批评星基地和SpaceX对当地社区造成的影响。环保组织“拯救里奥格兰德河谷”（Save RGV）认为，该公司的火箭发射活动导致附近住宅布满残骸、干扰了本土野生动物，并破坏了空气质量。
今年年初在得克萨斯州第34国会选区竞选国会议员的布朗斯维尔本地人埃蒂安·罗萨斯也表示，SpaceX的发展推动了整个里奥格兰德河谷的房价飙升，因为员工们纷纷在此购房。根据Zillow的数据，2026年布朗斯维尔的平均房价为196920美元，较2018年的112705美元上涨了近75%。
“虽然SpaceX创造了更多的经济动力，但不平等现象的差距正在大幅扩大，”他说道。
SpaceX未回应置评请求。
SpaceX的入驻也重塑了布朗斯维尔的市中心，吸引了针对科技导向人群的新投资和开发项目。但罗萨斯表示，这些工作岗位和投资是以世代居住在该地区的家庭的代价换来的。
“布朗斯维尔曾有其独特的发展节奏，现在那种节奏已经不复存在了，”他说道。
As SpaceX IPO launches, Texans near its Starbase HQ offer mixed opinions of the rocket company
June 12, 2026 2:27 PM EDT / CBS News
SpaceX’s headquarters in Starbase, Texas, which sits at the state’s southern tip in the Rio Grande Valley, emerges almost unexpectedly after miles of long, dusty dirt roads.
Before SpaceX arrived, the area was known primarily for its coastal wildlife, especially bird watching. Locals say there were a few dozen homes, mostly winter residences for retirees, while the nearest major city, Brownsville, is more than 20 miles away on the border with Matamoros, Mexico.
The cities are a study in contrasts. Starbase is a company town. Its residents are largely transplants from cities like Austin and San Francisco who come not for the birds but for the work. Brownsville’s predominantly Latino population works mostly in farming and shrimping.
Yet Starbase and Brownsville also share resources, with some SpaceX employees living in Brownsville, which has a population of roughly 192,000, and sending their children to school in the city.
SpaceX employ over 4,000 workers at its Starbase facilities, with roughly 70% coming from the local area, according to company records. The company plans to nearly double that workforce to around 8,000 employees this year.
SpaceX’s growth took a major leap forward on Friday when its shares went public in the largest-ever initial public offering. The IPO instantly lifted the company’s market value to more than $2 trillion and made SpaceX founder Elon Musk the first person to be worth at least $1 trillion.
SpaceX’s Starship 39 rocket launches from the company’s Starbase facility during a test flight, as seen from South Padre Island, Texas, on May 22, 2026. RONALDO SCHEMIDT /AFP via Getty Images
Marco Colorado, who owns El Buen Pescador restaurant in nearby Port Isabel, Texas, said SpaceX has been good for business, bringing employees from the company along with other visitors drawn to the area by the rocket launches.
“Whenever there’s a launch or an event going on, we get flooded,” Colorado said. He noted the SpaceX crowd is easy to spot — they often pull up in Tesla vehicles.
At Double Day Bar of Champions, a restaurant and bar in nearby Port Isabel, Texas, that also hosts a sports paraphernalia museum, owner Mikael Hinojosa has seen a similar surge.
Hinojosa described the SpaceX-driven business as “a new type of tourism.” On rocket launch days, patrons gather on the patio to watch liftoffs, then move indoors to follow along on TV as the rockets tear through the sky.
View of SpaceX’s headquarters outside Brownsville, Texas, on May 28, 2025. SERGIO FLORES/AFP via Getty Images
“It’s been positive for the business, but there’s a downside to it. In our museum, cannonballs fall over when there’s a launch. We don’t want to ruin the tourism we already had,” Hinojosa said.
Others in Brownsville are more openly critical of the impact Starbase and SpaceX have had on the local community. Environmental activist group Save RGV (for Rio Grande Valley) contends the company’s rocket launches have left nearby homes covered in debris, disrupted native wildlife and harmed air quality.
Etienne Rosas, a Brownsville native who ran for Congress earlier this year in Texas’s 34th district, also said SpaceX’s growth has triggered a surge in housing prices throughout the Rio Grande Valley as employees bought homes. In 2026, the average home price in Brownsville is $196,920, up nearly 75% from $112,705 in 2018, according to Zillow.
“While SpaceX has created more economic momentum, there’s been a huge gap widening in equality,” he said.
SpaceX did not respond to a request for comment.
SpaceX’s arrival has also reshaped downtown Brownsville, drawing new investment and development aimed at a tech-oriented demographic. Yet Rosas said the jobs and investment have come at a cost to families who have lived in the region for generations.
“Brownsville had a certain dynamic pace, and now that’s gone,” he said.
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