2026年5月13日 / 美国东部时间下午12:32 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿——
周三，参议院否决了民主党人限制特朗普总统对伊朗使用军事力量权限的又一次尝试，但有一名新的共和党参议员投票支持推进这项议案。
一项将该决议从委员会提请全院表决的动议以49票对50票失败。共和党参议员、肯塔基州的兰德·保罗、缅因州的苏珊·柯林斯和阿拉斯加州的丽莎·默科夫斯基与大多数民主党议员一道投票支持推进该议案，而宾夕法尼亚州的参议员约翰·费特曼是唯一一名反对该动议的民主党人。
默科夫斯基此前曾投票反对推进该议案的历次版本。她对记者表示，在本月早些时候关键的60天期限窗口过去后，她曾期待“从政府那里获得更多明确信息”，但并未得到。这位阿拉斯加州共和党议员表示，她“认为现在是时候”支持这项议案，“以便我们能够讨论我们根据《战争权力决议》所肩负的责任”。
“我们现在的处境与上次就该议案投票时不同，”默科夫斯基说道。
这项由俄勒冈州参议员杰夫·默克利牵头的决议，将指示总统“将美国武装部队从针对伊朗的境内外敌对行动中撤出，除非获得战争宣战声明或明确的军事使用授权”。
自2月28日战争爆发以来，参议院民主党人已六次尝试通过决议限制特朗普在伊朗问题上的权限。在第六次尝试之前，保罗一直是唯一支持推进这些决议的共和党人。在达到60天期限后，民主党人希望在此次最新尝试中能有更多共和党人加入他们的阵营。
1973年的《战争权力决议》要求总统在部署军队后48小时内向国会报告，前提是国会未批准战争宣战声明，并将未经授权的军事行动时长限制在60天以内。但随着最后期限临近，政府表示该决议并不适用，辩称4月7日达成的停火协议已使计时停止。特朗普在5月1日致国会领导人的信中称，与伊朗的“敌对行动”已经“终止”。
民主党人驳斥了政府的说法。默克利在周三投票前对记者表示，他不接受60天计时暂停的说法，称这场战争“处于不同阶段，可能会再次升级”。
“但这将是我们首次从这个角度进行投票审议，”默克利说道。
参议院外交关系委员会主席、爱达荷州共和党议员吉姆·里施在投票前呼应了政府的观点，称战争权力决议中提及的敌对行动“如今已不复存在，且已有一段时间未曾存在”。
“众议院另一边的同事们一直在说，政府似乎没有遵守60天期限的规定，”里施说道。“2月28日开始的军事行动已经终止。敌对行动随着4月7日的停火协议已经结束。一切都结束了——就此打住。”
但率先在参议院推动战争权力议案的弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩对记者表示，此次投票首次考验了共和党人“是否信守他们所宣称的、国会应在这一最重要领域发挥何种作用的原则”。
凯恩指出，共和党人正面临选民对战争对经济和高油价影响的压力：“我们开始听到他们的言论和声明中出现疑虑，不仅是对我们，而且是普遍如此。”
“总有一天，我相信可能很快，参议院会对总统说，‘停止这场战争’，”他在投票前说道。“我不知道今天会不会是那一天，但我相信那一天终将到来。”
默克利称，共和党同僚中“对整个军事行动的支持度在下降、热情在降低、怀疑度在上升”。但他指出了两个可能影响共和党人此次投票的因素：他们是否认可停火协议，以及总统正在海外访问中国。他表示，对共和党人来说，“在总统出访期间改变立场，会让这件事的分量加倍”。
参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩在投票前强调，“目前总统正在海外，就一系列问题与中方进行谈判，其中一些问题关乎国家安全”。
“我认为每个人最好团结一致支持总统，”这位南达科他州共和党人说道。“但我们拭目以待。对于这些问题，人们有自己的想法。”
默克利表示，他认为许多共和党人最终“对自己的立场感到不安，但同时也害怕站在特朗普的对立面”。
曾表示将正式提出针对伊朗的军事使用授权法案的默科夫斯基，在周二的听证会上就政府的权限问题质询了国防部长皮特·赫格斯。赫格斯表示，政府的观点是，如果总统决定恢复对伊朗的空袭，“我们将拥有一切必要的权限来采取行动”。
当默科夫斯基问及“明确国会批准总统拥有全部权限”是否“对总统有所帮助”时，赫格斯重申：“我们的观点是，根据宪法第二条，他拥有执行任务所需的一切权限。”
凯特琳·休伊-伯恩斯对本文亦有贡献。
Senate defeats 7th attempt to limit Trump’s Iran war powers, despite new GOP defection
May 13, 2026 / 12:32 PM EDT / CBS News
Washington —
The Senate rejected another attempt by Democrats to limit President Trump’s ability to use military force against Iran on Wednesday, but one new Republican senator voted in favor of advancing the measure.
A motion to discharge the resolution from committee failed by a vote of 49 to 50. GOP Sens. Rand Paul of Kentucky, Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska voted with most Democrats in favor of moving forward, while Sen. John Fetterman of Pennsylvania was the sole Democrat to oppose.
Murkowski had voted against moving forward with previous iterations of the measure. She told reporters that after a key 60-day window passed earlier this month, she had expected to “get more clarity from the administration,” but hasn’t received that. The Alaska Republican said she “felt that it was now time” to support the measure “so we can discuss our responsibilities” under the War Powers Resolution.
“We’re in a different place than we were last time we voted on this,” Murkowski said.
The resolution, led by Sen. Jeff Merkley of Oregon, would have directed the president to “remove the United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Iran, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or a specific authorization for use of military force.”
Since the war began on Feb. 28, Senate Democrats have attempted to pass resolutions limiting Mr. Trump’s authority in Iran on six occasions. Until the sixth attempt, Paul had been the sole Republican to support advancing the resolutions. After the 60-day threshold, Democrats were hopeful that additional Republicans would join them on the latest attempt.
The War Powers Resolution of 1973 requires the president to report to Congress within 48 hours of deploying forces if Congress hasn’t authorized a declaration of war, and caps any unauthorized engagement at 60 days. But as the deadline approached, the administration said it did not apply, arguing the clock stopped with the ceasefire reached on April 7. Mr. Trump said in a letter to congressional leaders on May 1 that “hostilities” with Iran had “terminated.”
Democrats have pushed back on the administration’s thinking. Merkley told reporters ahead of the vote Wednesday that he doesn’t accept that the 60-day clock is suspended, saying the war is “at a different stage, and it may heat up again.”
“But this will be the first vote in which we’re looking at it through that lens,” Merkley said.
GOP Sen. Jim Risch of Idaho, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, echoed the administration’s view ahead of the vote, arguing that the hostilities referenced in the war powers resolution “do not exist today and have not existed for some time.”
“My colleagues on the other side of the chamber keep saying that somehow the administration is not in compliance with a 60-day clock,” Risch said. “The operations that began on Feb. 28 have been terminated. The hostilities ended with the April 7 ceasefire. They’re over — full stop.”
But Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia, who spearheaded the war powers push in the Senate, told reporters that the vote posed the first test of Republicans’ “fidelity to the principle that they have laid down about what role Congress should play in this most important area.”
Kaine noted that Republicans are facing pressure from their constituents on the war’s impact on the economy and high gas prices: “We’re starting to hear doubt creep into their words and into their statements, not only just to us, but more generally.”
“There will be a day, and it might be soon, I believe, where this Senate will say to the president, ‘stop this war,’” he said ahead of the vote. “I don’t know that today will be the day, but I believe that day is coming.”
Merkley cited an “erosion of support, erosion of enthusiasm, an increase in skepticism among our Republican colleagues about this whole operation.” But he outlined two factors that may have weighed on Republicans on the vote: whether they give credit to the ceasefire and the president being overseas in China. He said for Republicans, it “doubles the weight to switch positions while the president’s abroad.”
Senate Majority Leader John Thune stressed ahead of the vote that “right now, the president is overseas, he’s negotiating with the Chinese on a whole range of issues, some of which bear on national security.”
“And I think it would be best if everybody hung together and supported the president,” the South Dakota Republican said. “But we’ll see. People have their own minds about some of these issues.”
Merkley said he thinks many Republicans ultimately “are uncomfortable with where they stand, but they’re also uncomfortable with being on the wrong side of Trump.”
Murkowski, who has said she intends to introduce formal authorization for the use of military force in Iran, questioned Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth about the administration’s authority at a hearing on Tuesday. Hegseth said the administration’s view is that if the president decides to resume strikes against Iran, “we would have all the authorities necessary to do so.”
When Murkowski asked whether it would be “helpful to the president if it was made clear” he had full authority through congressional approval, Hegseth reiterated, “Our view is that he has all the authorities he needs under Article II to execute.”
Caitlin Huey-Burns contributed to this report.
发表回复