2026-05-01 00:07 UTC / 路透社
史蒂夫·戈尔曼 撰稿
2026年5月1日 格林尼治标准时间00:07 更新于4小时前
摘要
- 爱达荷州是第四个对“浴室法案”施加刑事处罚的州
- 共和党支持的法案在生效数周后遭遇首起诉讼
- 全美约20个州对跨性别者浴室准入设置了限制
4月30日（路透社）——民权倡导者周四表示，爱达荷州六名跨性别居民已提起诉讼，挑战一项新的州法律——该法律将跨性别者使用与其出生时指定性别不符的性别标识公共浴室和更衣室的行为定为犯罪。
这起集体诉讼于周三在州首府博伊西的美国联邦地区法院提起，辩称该法规违反了原告根据美国宪法第十四修正案所享有的正当程序、平等保护和隐私权。
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该法案于3月在共和党控制的州议会获得通过，并由共和党州长布拉德·利特尔签署生效，使爱达荷州成为仅有的四个将监禁作为此类限制执法手段的州之一。
这场法律挑战由美国公民自由联盟基金会、爱达荷州公民自由联盟基金会、拉姆达法律辩护与教育基金以及两家律师事务所代表六名具名原告提起。
诉讼将州总检察长劳尔·拉布拉多和爱达荷州全部43名检察官列为被告。
拉姆达律师凯尔·奥尔森表示，据信这是首起针对这项新生效法案的诉讼。
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尽管该新法案的支持者声称其旨在保障公共浴室的安全，但诉讼反驳称，该法案反而会让跨性别个体“面临暴力、骚扰和心理伤害的风险”。
批评人士指出，该法案的出台动机是对跨性别群体的敌意，目的是将他们排挤到公共生活的边缘。
公共安全理由遭质疑
“爱达荷州议会依赖了关于跨性别群体的错误认知和刻板印象，”诉讼文件称，“主要是将跨性别者与性侵犯者混为一谈。”
针对这起法院诉讼，拉布拉多的一名发言人表示：“我们期待为这项法律辩护。”
据倡导LGBTQ权利的智库“运动推进项目”统计，爱达荷州是全美约20个已出台某种形式跨性别者浴室准入限制的州之一。
但奥尔森表示，只有爱达荷州和另外三个州——犹他州、堪萨斯州和佛罗里达州——在这类法律中规定了刑事处罚，而爱达荷州的处罚是其中最严厉的之一。
该法案规定，在政府大楼、餐厅、商店及其他向公众开放的私营场所内，进入与自身生理性别相反的指定浴室或更衣室属于犯罪行为。
这项定于7月生效的新限制条款规定，首次违规将被处以轻罪，最高可判处一年监禁；五年内再次违规则将升格为重罪，最高可判处五年监禁。
近年来，美国跨性别居民在国家和州层面面临的限制日益增多，而自唐纳德·特朗普总统2025年再次就职以来，这类限制措施进一步加强。
爱达荷州此前曾通过两项法律，要求公立学校和大学校园内的浴室只能供出生性别与设施性别标识相符的学生使用，并允许学生在遇到违规的跨性别者时提起诉讼以强制执行该规定。
奥尔森表示，这两项法规目前均处于法律挑战中，但在诉讼程序进行期间仍然有效。
史蒂夫·戈尔曼 洛杉矶报道；克里斯·里斯 编辑
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Transgender Idaho residents challenge state law restricting public restroom access
2026-05-01 00:07 UTC / Reuters
By Steve Gorman
May 1, 2026 12:07 AM UTC Updated 4 hours ago
Summary
- Idaho is fourth state with criminal penalties in ‘bathroom bill’
- Republican-backed bill faces first suit weeks after enactment
- Some 20 states have constraints on transgender bathroom access
April 30 (Reuters) – Six transgender residents of Idaho have filed suit challenging a new state law making it a crime for them to use sex-designated public restrooms and changing areas that do not match their birth-assigned gender, civil liberties advocates said on Thursday.
The class-action case, filed on Wednesday in U.S. District Court in Boise, the state capital, argues the statute violates the plaintiffs’ rights to due process, equal protection and privacy under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
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The measure passed the Republican-controlled state legislature in March and was signed into law by Republican Governor Brad Little, making Idaho one of just four states to adopt the threat of incarceration as an enforcement mechanism for such restrictions.
The legal challenge to it was brought on behalf of six named plaintiffs by the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, the ACLU of Idaho Foundation, the Lambda Legal Defense & Education Fund and two law firms.
It names state Attorney General Raul Labrador and all 43 of Idaho’s prosecuting attorneys as defendants.
Lambda attorney Kell Olson said the lawsuit is believed to be the first challenging the newly enacted measure.
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While proponents of the new law asserted it is aimed at making public bathrooms safer, the lawsuit counters that the measure will instead expose transgender individuals “to likely violence, harassment and psychological harm.”
Its enactment was motivated by hostility toward transgender people and seeks to push them to the margins of public life, critics argue.
PUBLIC SAFETY RATIONALE DISPUTED
“The Idaho legislature relied on inaccurate beliefs and stereotypes about transgender people,” the suit says, “primarily conflating transgender people with sexual predators.”
In response to the court challenge, a spokesperson for Labrador said, “We look forward to defending the law.”
Idaho is one of about 20 U.S. states to have some form of bathroom access restrictions for transgender people on the books, according to a tally by the Movement Advancement Project, a think tank that advocates for LGBTQ rights.
But Idaho and just three other states – Utah, Kansas and Florida – have adopted criminal penalties under such laws, and Idaho carries some of the harshest, Olson said.
The measure makes it a crime to enter a restroom or changing room designated for the opposite biological sex in government buildings, restaurants, stores and other private businesses when those bathroom facilities are open to the public.
The first offense under the new restrictions, set to take effect in July, would be a misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail, while a second offense within five years would be a felony, carrying a maximum five-year prison sentence.
Transgender residents of the U.S. have faced increasing limitations at the national and state level in recent years, with those efforts reinforced since President Donald Trump returned to office in 2025.
Idaho passed two previous laws restricting access to bathrooms in public schools and on college campuses to students whose birth sex corresponds to the gender designation of the facility in question, and seeks to enforce those by allowing students to sue if they encounter a transgender person in violation.
Both those statutes are under legal challenge and remain in effect as they wend their way through the courts, Olson said.
Reporting by Steve Gorman in Los Angeles; Editing by Chris Reese
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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