2026-04-29T10:24:59.338Z / 路透社
概述
企业相关
总统在最新一轮反媒体攻势中将矛头对准吉米·坎摩尔
特朗普自2020年以来已至少提起9起针对媒体的诉讼
法院多次以第一修正案为由判决特朗普败诉
但上诉程序和外部压力削弱了媒体的胜诉成果
纽约4月29日路透电 — 唐纳德·特朗普总统在与美国媒体的交锋中遭遇了一系列法庭败诉，但这些裁决几乎未能削弱这场超出新闻界范围的更大规模施压与报复运动。
法院始终站在新闻机构一边，驳回特朗普的诽谤诉讼，并阻止其政府限制媒体准入或削减公共媒体经费的企图，理由是美国宪法第一修正案保障了强有力的言论自由保护。
路透社伊朗简报通讯将为您提供伊朗局势的最新动态与分析，在此订阅。
但进展缓慢的诉讼程序和多层级上诉程序，对行事果断、不断试探法律边界并在败诉后调整策略的本届政府反而有利。
特朗普与美国广播公司深夜脱口秀主持人吉米·坎摩尔的冲突，反映了一场超出法庭范围的施压运动。即便法官确认了媒体的保护权，特朗普仍要求解雇相关人员并敦促监管审查，在正式法律渠道之外向企业施压。
特朗普被指刻意拖延诉讼进程
旧金山加州大学法学院教授克里斯蒂娜·科尼吉索尔表示：“特朗普可能在个别法庭诉讼中屡屡败诉，但仍能推进其削弱和破坏新闻界的 broader 整体议程。”她援引了她所称的特朗普刻意拖延诉讼的策略。
特朗普私人律师团队的一名发言人表示，总统将继续追究他所谓的虚假报道和诽谤性言论的责任。另外，白宫一名发言人将特朗普描述为美国有史以来最开放、最亲民的总统，称其政府以史无前例的方式扩大了媒体准入渠道。
自2020年以来，特朗普已至少针对大型媒体公司提起9起诉讼，要求就他所称的虚假或误导性报道获得数百亿美元的赔偿。
此外，他的政府采取行动限制媒体进入政府机构，并威胁对批评性媒体机构动用监管权力，引发了媒体机构的法律挑战。
特朗普最近的一次败诉发生在4月13日，当时一名法官驳回了他针对《华尔街日报》及其母公司道琼斯公司提起的100亿美元诽谤诉讼，原因是该报一篇报道称，一封写给声名狼藉的金融家杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的生日贺卡上有特朗普的签名。
美国地区法官达林·盖尔斯表示，该诉讼“完全无法合理地”指控《华尔街日报》明知发布虚假信息或罔顾事实——这一“实际恶意”标准使得公众人物提起的诽谤诉讼难以胜诉。
不过，盖尔斯允许特朗普提交修订后的诉状，这意味着道琼斯仍可能面临一场代价高昂且耗时漫长的法庭诉讼，为其称是准确的报道进行辩护。特朗普的律师表示，他们将提交修订后的诉状。
如果该案在再次提出的驳回动议中得以存续，后续的证据开示、审判和上诉可能需要数年时间。
特朗普2022年针对美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）就其虚假选举舞弊指控的报道提起的诉讼，于2023年被驳回。上诉法院维持了这一裁决，但特朗普仍可能向最高法院申请复审。
“我们的法律体系运作方式就是这样，这会耗费大量时间和金钱，而总统能够利用这一点，”诽谤法专家特雷·洛维尔说道。
和解凸显长期法律斗争的代价
两家媒体公司已与特朗普提起的诽谤诉讼达成和解，法律专家认为这些诉讼毫无依据，但在法庭上抗辩可能代价高昂。
美国广播公司同意向特朗普的总统图书馆捐赠1500万美元，此前特朗普因一则关于一起民事案件的不实直播言论提起诉讼，陪审团在该案中认定特朗普对性虐待负有责任。在特朗普就其2024年大选对手卡玛拉·哈里斯的采访剪辑提起诉讼后，哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）也达成了类似和解。
两家公司均未承认有不当行为，不过美国广播公司同意道歉，并表示对主播乔治·斯蒂芬诺普洛斯在直播中对民事判决的描述表示遗憾。
批评哥伦比亚广播公司和解协议的人士表示，其母公司派拉蒙可能是为了顺利获得联邦通信委员会对其与天空传媒84亿美元合并案的监管批准而达成和解，该委员会随后不久就批准了这一交易。
更广泛地说，对特朗普政府行动的法律挑战可能进展缓慢且代价高昂，即便媒体在法庭上获胜，有时也会因上诉程序而落空，或是来得太晚而无法产生实际影响。
法庭获胜但效果有限
近一个月来，法官们叫停了特朗普削减公共广播联邦资金的行政命令，推翻了他解散政府运营的美国之音的企图，并两次裁定五角大楼的媒体准入规则违宪。
在每一起案件中，法院都表示特朗普政府基于观点歧视媒体机构，违反了第一修正案的禁令。
但愿意试探法律极限并迅速对败诉提起上诉的本届政府，多次成功挫败了缓慢且审慎的司法程序。
美国国家公共广播电台（NPR）于2025年5月提起诉讼，阻止特朗普取消联邦广播资金的行政命令。当美国地区法官伦道夫·莫斯上月作出有利于NPR的裁决时，该机构的资助来源已不复存在，其资金被特朗普的行动和国会中其共和党盟友的平行举措耗尽。
美国之音于3月18日获得法院救济，距其记者起诉阻止其解散已近一年时间。
第一修正案律师道格·米雷尔表示，法院仍是保护新闻自由的关键，但无法成为遏制侵权行为的唯一手段。
“特朗普针对媒体的运动涉及多个层面，司法层面的管控措施不足以遏制这一运动，”米雷尔说道。
杰克·奎因在纽约报道；诺琳·瓦尔德和霍华德·戈勒编辑
Trump’s court setbacks fail to blunt his campaign against media
2026-04-29T10:24:59.338Z / Reuters
Summary
Companies
President targets Jimmy Kimmel in latest anti‑media salvo
Trump has filed at least nine media lawsuits since 2020
Courts repeatedly rule against Trump on First Amendment grounds
But appeals and outside pressure blunt media wins
NEW YORK, April 29 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump has suffered a string of courtroom setbacks in his battles with the American media, but the rulings have done little to blunt a broader campaign of pressure and retaliation that extends beyond the press.
Courts have consistently sided with news organizations, rejecting Trump’s defamation lawsuits and blocking efforts by his administration to limit press access or defund public media, citing the robust free-speech protections guaranteed by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
The Reuters Iran Briefing newsletter keeps you informed with the latest developments and analysis of the Iran war. Sign up here.
But slow-moving litigation and multi-layered appeals have worked in favor of an administration that acts quickly, tests legal boundaries and shifts tactics after defeats.
Trump’s clash with ABC late-night host Jimmy Kimmel reflects a pressure campaign that extends beyond the courts. Even as judges affirm media protections, Trump demands firings and urges regulatory scrutiny, pressing companies outside formal legal channels.
TRUMP SEEN TO SLOW-WALK LITIGATION
“Trump can repeatedly lose individual court battles but still advance his broader agenda of weakening and destabilizing the press,” said Christina Koningisor, a professor at UC Law San Francisco, citing what she described as Trump’s strategy of slow-walking litigation.
A spokesman for Trump’s personal lawyers said the president would continue to pursue accountability for what he calls false reporting and defamatory claims. Separately, a White House spokesperson described Trump as the most open and accessible U.S. president ever, saying his administration has broadened press access in unprecedented ways.
Trump has filed at least nine lawsuits against major media companies since 2020, seeking tens of billions of dollars in damages for what he alleges are false or misleading reports.
Separately, his administration has acted to restrict press access to government agencies and threatened to use regulatory powers against critical outlets, drawing legal challenges by media outlets.
Trump’s latest setback came on April 13, when a judge threw out his $10 billion defamation lawsuit against the Wall Street Journal and its parent company Dow Jones over a story describing a birthday letter to disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein bearing Trump’s signature.
U.S. District Judge Darrin Gayles said the complaint fell “nowhere close” to plausibly alleging the Journal knowingly published false information or recklessly disregarded the truth — the “actual malice” standard that makes defamation claims by public figures difficult to win.
Gayles nevertheless has allowed Trump to file a revised complaint, meaning Dow Jones could still face a costly and time-consuming court battle defending what it says was accurate reporting. Trump’s lawyers say they will file a revised suit.
Should the case survive another bid for dismissal, the subsequent discovery, trial and appeals could take years.
Trump’s 2022 lawsuit against CNN over its coverage of his false claims of election-rigging was tossed out in 2023. An appeals court upheld the ruling, but Trump could still seek Supreme Court review.
“The way our legal system works, it can cost a lot of time and money, and the president is able to take advantage of that,” said Tre Lovell, a defamation law specialist.
SETTLEMENTS UNDERSCORE COST OF PROLONGED LEGAL FIGHTS
Two media companies have settled defamation suits brought by Trump that were deemed meritless by legal experts but could have been costly to fight in court.
ABC agreed to donate $15 million to Trump’s presidential library after he sued over inaccurate on-air comments about a civil case in which a jury found him liable for sexual abuse. CBS reached a similar settlement after Trump sued over edits to an interview with his 2024 election rival Kamala Harris.
Neither company admitted wrongdoing, though ABC agreed to apologize and said it regretted anchor George Stephanopoulos’ on-air description of the civil judgment.
Critics of the CBS deal said its parent, Paramount, may have settled to smooth the way to regulatory approval of its $8.4 billion merger with Skydance Media, which the Federal Communications Commission granted shortly afterward.
More broadly, challenges to Trump administration actions can be slow and costly, and even courtroom victories for the press have at times proved fleeting, stalled by appeals or arriving too late to have an impact.
COURT VICTORIES BUT WITH LIMITED CONSEQUENCES
In the last month, judges have blocked a Trump executive order cutting off federal funds for public broadcasting, reversed his attempts to dismantle the government-run Voice of America and twice invalidated Pentagon press access rules as unconstitutional.
In each case, courts said the Trump administration violated First Amendment prohibitions by discriminating against media outlets based on viewpoint.
But an administration willing to test legal limits and swiftly appeal losses has managed repeatedly to outmaneuver a judicial process that is slow and deliberative.
National Public Radio sued in May 2025 to block Trump’s executive order eliminating federal broadcasting funds. When U.S. District Judge Randolph Moss ruled for NPR last month, the agency that once financed it no longer existed, its funding exhausted by Trump’s actions and parallel moves by his Republican allies in Congress.
Voice of America won court relief on March 18, nearly a year after its journalists sued to block its dismantling.
Courts remain essential to protecting press freedom but cannot serve as the sole check on abuses, said First Amendment attorney Doug Mirell.
“Trump’s campaign against the media is one that is so multifaceted that the judicial efforts to control him are insufficient,” Mirell said.
Reporting by Jack Queen in New York; Editing by Noeleen Walder and Howard Goller
发表回复