波斯湾国家态度改变 支持美国加大对伊军事施压

2026年3月31日 22:25 / 联合早报

以色列空袭黎巴嫩贝鲁特，击中一栋大厦顶楼。以色列和黎巴嫩真主党的冲突越演越烈，联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队有三名印尼籍维和人员在炮火中殉职。 （路透社）

（耶路撒冷／华盛顿综合电）美国媒体星期一（3月30日）引述多方匿名官员披露，随着中东战争持续推进，部分波斯湾国家的态度发生转变。这些国家从最初不满被美以发动战事自己却被蒙在鼓里，转为支持扩大对伊朗的军事施压，认为当前是削弱伊朗实力的一次“历史性机遇”。

据官员透露，沙特阿拉伯与阿联酋在推动战事升级。阿联酋立场最强硬，正极力推动美国考虑发动地面作战，这也获得科威特和巴林两国的支持。

美媒报道，沙特、阿联酋、科威特和巴林的官员私下表示，除非伊朗领导层出现重大变化或伊朗的行为发生剧变，否则他们不希望美以结束军事行动。

波斯湾国家尽管支持美国的军事行动，但也存在分歧。阿曼与卡塔尔倾向通过外交途径缓解危机。

美军目前的动向引起深切关注。美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）报道，美军中央司令部说，美军的黎波里号两栖攻击舰星期天出现在印度洋海域。这艘军舰搭载约1800名海军陆战队员，军方没有透露它与伊朗的具体距离。

美国战争部长赫格塞斯星期二在简报会上说，未来几天的中东冲突至关重要，并称伊朗军队出现大规模逃兵现象。“我们的火力越来越多，他们的火力越来越少……我们只用了一个月就掌握了局势，接下来的几天将是决定性的。伊朗明白这一点，但他们在军事上什么也做不了”。

以色列：战争目标已实现超过一半

以色列总理内坦亚胡星期一（3月30日）称，他认为伊朗政权会从内部瓦解、垮台。（法新社）

以色列总理内坦亚胡星期一称，对伊朗的战争已实现超过一半的目标，他没有为战争何时结束设定时间表，却和美国国务卿鲁比奥的论调一致，预期伊朗会从内部分裂。

内坦亚胡接受保守派媒体访问说，这场战争达成的多项目标，包含击杀数千名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队成员，也接近终结伊朗的军火工业，他有信心伊朗政权将会垮台。

“我认为这个政权会从内部瓦解。现在我们正在做的，就是削弱他们（伊朗）的军事能力、导弹能力和核能力，同时要从内部削弱他们。”

鲁比奥星期一在接受美国广播公司采访时也称，伊朗内部存在裂痕，希望有能力推动变革的人物能够掌权，与美方合作，并称美国私下已收到积极信号。“（伊朗内部）很清楚已有一些人用与过去掌权者截然不同的方式，在跟我们谈。”

鲁比奥也对半岛电视台透露，伊朗和美国通过中间方进行一些沟通，也有一些直接对话，并称总统特朗普始终倾向于外交接触。

特朗普星期一恫言，若伊朗不尽快同意达成停战协议，并立即开放霍尔木兹海峡，美方将摧毁伊朗的石油出口枢纽哈尔克岛、油井、发电厂和其他民用基础设施。然而，《华尔街日报》在报道中引述美国官员披露，特朗普告诉助手，即使霍尔木兹海峡仍关闭，他也愿意结束对伊朗的军事行动。

报道说，特朗普政府近期认为，试图打开霍尔木兹海峡会将冲突拖延至超出他预期的四至六周的时间。特朗普认定，美国应优先削弱伊朗海军及导弹储备，同时通过外交手段向德黑兰施压，促使海峡恢复开放。如果外交努力失败，美国会要求欧洲和海湾地区的盟友牵头重新打开海峡。

伊朗计划禁美以和制裁国船只通航海峡

另一方面，伊朗官媒星期一报道，伊朗议会安全委员会已批准对霍尔木兹海峡通行船只征收通行费。一名委员会成员说，这套计划包括金融安排和收费系统，也会与海峡另一侧的阿曼合作，并禁止美国、以色列和那些制裁伊朗的国家的船只通过海峡。

彭博社对船舶追踪数据进行分析后指出，对霍尔木兹海峡的控制，伊朗取得明显优势，3月份每天只有六艘船通过霍尔木兹海峡，远低于正常时期的约135艘。

不过，美国财长贝森特周一接受福克斯新闻台采访，却对霍尔木兹海峡重新开放表现得很乐观。“假以时日，美国将重新控制海峡，航行自由将得到保障，无论是由美国护航还是多国护航。”

他还说，美国正逐步采取行动，解决全球石油供应短缺问题。

特朗普周二在社媒发文，建议那些因霍尔木兹海峡被关闭而无法获得航空燃油的国家，向美国买油或干脆去海峡抢油。“你们得开始学会为自己而战，美国不会再帮你们了。伊朗基本上已经被打垮了。最难的部分已经完成。自己去弄你们的石油吧”。

波斯湾国家态度改变 支持美国加大对伊军事施压

2026年3月31日 22:25 / 蔡添成 联合早报

以色列空袭黎巴嫩贝鲁特，击中一栋大厦顶楼。以色列和黎巴嫩真主党的冲突越演越烈，联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队有三名印尼籍维和人员在炮火中殉职。 （路透社）

（耶路撒冷／华盛顿综合电）美国媒体星期一（3月30日）引述多方匿名官员披露，随着中东战争持续推进，部分波斯湾国家的态度发生转变。这些国家从最初不满被美以发动战事自己却被蒙在鼓里，转为支持扩大对伊朗的军事施压，认为当前是削弱伊朗实力的一次“历史性机遇”。

据官员透露，沙特阿拉伯与阿联酋在推动战事升级。阿联酋立场最强硬，正极力推动美国考虑发动地面作战，这也获得科威特和巴林两国的支持。

美媒报道，沙特、阿联酋、科威特和巴林的官员私下表示，除非伊朗领导层出现重大变化或伊朗的行为发生剧变，否则他们不希望美以结束军事行动。

波斯湾国家尽管支持美国的军事行动，但也存在分歧。阿曼与卡塔尔倾向通过外交途径缓解危机。

美军目前的动向引起深切关注。美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）报道，美军中央司令部说，美军的黎波里号两栖攻击舰星期天出现在印度洋海域。这艘军舰搭载约1800名海军陆战队员，军方没有透露它与伊朗的具体距离。

美国战争部长赫格塞斯星期二在简报会上说，未来几天的中东冲突至关重要，并称伊朗军队出现大规模逃兵现象。“我们的火力越来越多，他们的火力越来越少……我们只用了一个月就掌握了局势，接下来的几天将是决定性的。伊朗明白这一点，但他们在军事上什么也做不了”。

以色列：战争目标已实现超过一半

以色列总理内坦亚胡星期一（3月30日）称，他认为伊朗政权会从内部瓦解、垮台。（法新社）

以色列总理内坦亚胡星期一称，对伊朗的战争已实现超过一半的目标，他没有为战争何时结束设定时间表，却和美国国务卿鲁比奥的论调一致，预期伊朗会从内部分裂。

内坦亚胡接受保守派媒体访问说，这场战争达成的多项目标，包含击杀数千名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队成员，也接近终结伊朗的军火工业，他有信心伊朗政权将会垮台。

“我认为这个政权会从内部瓦解。现在我们正在做的，就是削弱他们（伊朗）的军事能力、导弹能力和核能力，同时要从内部削弱他们。”

鲁比奥星期一在接受美国广播公司采访时也称，伊朗内部存在裂痕，希望有能力推动变革的人物能够掌权，与美方合作，并称美国私下已收到积极信号。“（伊朗内部）很清楚已有一些人用与过去掌权者截然不同的方式，在跟我们谈。”

鲁比奥也对半岛电视台透露，伊朗和美国通过中间方进行一些沟通，也有一些直接对话，并称总统特朗普始终倾向于外交接触。

特朗普星期一恫言，若伊朗不尽快同意达成停战协议，并立即开放霍尔木兹海峡，美方将摧毁伊朗的石油出口枢纽哈尔克岛、油井、发电厂和其他民用基础设施。然而，《华尔街日报》在报道中引述美国官员披露，特朗普告诉助手，即使霍尔木兹海峡仍关闭，他也愿意结束对伊朗的军事行动。

报道说，特朗普政府近期认为，试图打开霍尔木兹海峡会将冲突拖延至超出他预期的四至六周的时间。特朗普认定，美国应优先削弱伊朗海军及导弹储备，同时通过外交手段向德黑兰施压，促使海峡恢复开放。如果外交努力失败，美国会要求欧洲和海湾地区的盟友牵头重新打开海峡。

伊朗计划禁美以和制裁国船只通航海峡

另一方面，伊朗官媒星期一报道，伊朗议会安全委员会已批准对霍尔木兹海峡通行船只征收通行费。一名委员会成员说，这套计划包括金融安排和收费系统，也会与海峡另一侧的阿曼合作，并禁止美国、以色列和那些制裁伊朗的国家的船只通过海峡。

彭博社对船舶追踪数据进行分析后指出，对霍尔木兹海峡的控制，伊朗取得明显优势，3月份每天只有六艘船通过霍尔木兹海峡，远低于正常时期的约135艘。

不过，美国财长贝森特周一接受福克斯新闻台采访，却对霍尔木兹海峡重新开放表现得很乐观。“假以时日，美国将重新控制海峡，航行自由将得到保障，无论是由美国护航还是多国护航。”

他还说，美国正逐步采取行动，解决全球石油供应短缺问题。

特朗普周二在社媒发文，建议那些因霍尔木兹海峡被关闭而无法获得航空燃油的国家，向美国买油或干脆去海峡抢油。“你们得开始学会为自己而战，美国不会再帮你们了。伊朗基本上已经被打垮了。最难的部分已经完成。自己去弄你们的石油吧”。

NTSB raises questions on driver assistance systems, lack of regulations

2026-03-31T14:30:36.79Z / Reuters

By David Shepardson

March 31, 2026 2:30 PM UTC Updated 7 mins ago

节点运行失败

A view of the National Transportation Safety Board sign at NTSB headquarters in Washington, U.S., August 6, 2024. REUTERS/Kaylee Greenlee Beal Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab

WASHINGTON, March 31 (Reuters) – The National Transportation Safety Board on Tuesday criticized the ​lack of government regulations on driver assistance systems and raised questions ‌about claims made by automakers.

The NTSB is holding a hearing to determine the probable cause of two fatal crashes involving Ford Motor’s hands-free advanced driver assistance system BlueCruise.

Stay up to date with the latest news, trends and innovations that are driving the global automotive industry with the Reuters Auto File newsletter. Sign up here.

NTSB board ​member Thomas Chapman said he was disappointed with the National Highway Traffic ​Safety Administration, saying it has shown a “lack of leadership” in ⁠failing to address issues surrounding the deployment of driver assistance systems.

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Both crashes ​in 2024 involved 2022 model year Ford Mustang Mach-Es operating in the company’s ​partial automation mode in 2024 rear-end crashes in which the Ford SUVs struck stationary vehicles at highway speeds in San Antonio and Philadelphia.

NTSB board members have repeatedly questioned if adequate safeguards ​were included in driver assistance systems that carry out some tasks but require drivers to be attentive ​and ready to take over for other tasks.

NTSB chair Jennifer Homendy said automakers need to be ‌careful ⁠about claims that automation is the solution to addressing the deaths of about 40,000 Americans annually on U.S. roads. “Humans are poorly suited for automation monitoring tasks and susceptible to complacency,” Homendy said adding “in a perfect world, (NHTSA) would set minimum performance ​standards for safety ​technologies.

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NHTSA did not ⁠immediately comment.

Since 2025, both the NTSB and NHTSA have been investigating the use of BlueCruise to address questions about ​system limitations and to evaluate drivers’ ability to respond. Ford says ​BlueCruise is an ⁠advanced hands-free driving system that operates on 97% of U.S. and Canadian highways with no intersections or traffic signals.

The NTSB has opened several investigations in recent ⁠years into ​advanced driver assistance systems, including Tesla’s Autopilot. In ​December 2023, electric car maker Tesla agreed to recall 2 million vehicles to install new safeguards ​for its Autopilot driver assistance system.

Reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by Aurora Ellis

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Democrats pounce on $4 a gallon gas, blame Trump’s Iran war for ‘broken promise’

March 31, 2026 10:58am EDT / Fox News

House Democrats’ campaign chair charges soaring gas prices ‘another broken promise’ from Trump

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee chair Rep. Suzan DelBene, in a Fox News Digital interview, takes aim at Trump and the GOP over surging gas prices and the Iran war.

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The House Democrats’ campaign committee chair charges that “skyrocketing” gas prices sparked by the Iran war are “another broken promise” by President Donald Trump and congressional Republicans.

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) Chair Rep. Suzan DelBene told Fox News Digital that House Democrats will keep spotlighting gas prices as part of their affordability messaging as they aim to win back the chamber’s majority from Republicans in this year’s midterm elections.

The average price of gasoline in the U.S. topped $4 per gallon on Tuesday, according to national averages from AAA and GasBuddy, the highest level in four years.

The surge in gas prices comes amid the monthlong attacks on Iran by the U.S. and Israel. In response, Iran has targeted energy facilities with missile and drone attacks in a number of Persian Gulf nations. It has also made the Strait of Hormuz nearly impassable to commercial shipping, bringing roughly 20% of the world’s oil supply to a halt and sending global fuel prices sharply higher.

FOX BUSINESS: GAS PRICES TOP $4 PER GALLON

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The White House says the surge in prices is temporary.

“When Operation Epic Fury is complete, gas prices will plummet back to the multiyear lows American drivers enjoyed before these short-term disruptions,” White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said in a statement on Tuesday.

OIL HAS SURGED SINCE THE IRAN CONFLICT BEGAN, BUT GAS PRICES MAY NOT BE DONE RISING

Leavitt emphasized that “President Trump remains committed to fully unleashing American energy dominance, lowering costs, and putting more money back in the pockets of hardworking American families.”

The gas price surge is giving Democrats more political ammunition to target the GOP.

A gas station displays a sign for $3.99 for regular gasoline, in Cleveland, Monday, March 30, 2026.(Sue Ogrocki/AP Photo)

“BREAKING: National Gas Prices Skyrocket to $4 Per Gallon,” read the headline from an email Tuesday morning from the Democratic National Committee.

The DCCC last week launched digital ads showing prices at the pump going up and an image saying “D.C. Republicans Did That!” Sources say to expect another round of ads on gas prices in the coming weeks.

FIRST ON FOX: SPEAKER JOHNSON’S ALLIES LAUNCH $10 MILLION AD CAMPAIGN SPOTLIGHTING TRUMP TAX CUTS

DelBene argued that “Trump went into this war without thinking through the implications, and we’ve seen gas prices skyrocket across the country, on top of prices going up for families, housing, food, healthcare, all going up because of actions taken by this President and Republicans in Congress.”

As they fight to hold their slim majorities in both the House and Senate, Republicans are battling stiff political headwinds, as the party in power in the nation’s capital traditionally loses seats in the midterms. They also face a rough political climate fueled by economic concerns over persistent inflation, an unpopular war with Iran, and Trump’s underwater approval ratings.

An exterior view of the House side of the U.S. Capitol, on Jan. 12, 2026, in Washington, D.C.(Paul Steinhauser/Fox News)

A spotlight on inflation helped fuel sweeping victories by Trump and Republicans in the 2024 elections, when they won back the White House and Senate and successfully defended their slim House majority.

A laser focus on affordability by Democrats has fueled a slew of victories and overperformances in 2025’s off-year elections and in special elections in the 14 months since Trump returned to the White House.

“Affordability is a huge issue,” DelBene emphasized. “Folks are angry, they’re upset, and they’re struggling, and they need folks who are going to actually stand up and look out for them.”

TRUMP BOOSTS HOUSE GOP’S WARCHEST AS MIDTERMS IN BATTLE FOR CHAMBER’S MAJORITY

DelBene argued that “this is yet another broken promise from the President saying that he’s going to lower costs on day one. That’s been a broken promise… And he promised no forever wars, that he wouldn’t get involved in a conflict like this.”

But DelBene’s counterpart at the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) welcomes the fight over affordability.

NRCC’s chair, Rep. Richard Hudson, in a Fox News Digital interview, pointed to tax cuts in the Working Families Tax Cuts, the name of the sweeping GOP domestic policy bill passed along party lines and signed into law by Trump last summer.

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With the tax filing deadline quickly approaching, Hudson said, “Folks who work overtime, folks who work for tips, they’re going to see a lot more money in their pocket thanks to no tax on tips, no tax on overtime.”

“Our policies are making the American people more prosperous, and they’re going to start feeling it more and more,” Hudson emphasized. “And these are promises that President Trump made. These are promises that we’ve kept.”

Fox News’ Amanda Macias contributed to this report.

Paul Steinhauser is a politics reporter based in the swing state of New Hampshire. He covers the campaign trail from coast to coast.

https://www.foxnews.com/video/6389141261112

最新调查显示，近五成韩国中小学生认为韩朝有必要实现统一，其中“消除战争风险”是首要理由。图为朝鲜平壤民众在仓田街（Changjon Street）的人行道上行走。 （法新社）

最新调查显示，近五成韩国中小学生认为韩朝有必要实现统一，其中“消除战争风险”是支持统一的首要原因。

韩联社报道，根据《统一教育支援法》，韩国统一部与教育部于去年10月16日至11月17日期间，联合面向全韩816所中小学的7万零242名学生进行了“2025年各级学校统一教育实况调查”。

韩国统一部星期二（3月31日）发布的调查结果显示，49.7%的受访学生认为韩朝有必要统一；认为“没必要统一”的比重则为37.9%，较去年同期减少了4.4个百分点。

在支持统一的受访者中，选择实现统一理由的排名依次为“消除战争风险”（32%）、“有望成为更加发达的国家”（20.2%）以及“韩朝本是同一个民族”（13.9%）。

相比之下，反对统一的理由则以“社会问题”（28.6%）和“经济负担”（21.9%）为主。调查显示，尽管受访学生对朝鲜的警惕与敌对情绪（56.8%）仍高于合作意向（39.4%），但两者的差距已同比缩小了11.5个百分点。

延伸阅读

金正恩正式将韩国定为“头号敌国” 青瓦台：朝鲜敌对性言辞不利于和平共处

在对朝鲜的定性看法上，韩国青少年的态度依然趋于保守。调查显示，56.8%的受访者认为“应对朝保持警惕或敌对”；认为“应向朝伸出援手或与其合作”的比例则为39.4%。

尽管消极看法仍大于积极看法，但两者之间的差距已同比缩小了11.5个百分点，显示韩国年轻一代对朝认知差距正在缩小。

民调：韩国近五成中小学生认为韩朝须统一

2026年3月31日 22:30 / 联合早报

最新调查显示，近五成韩国中小学生认为韩朝有必要实现统一，其中“消除战争风险”是首要理由。图为朝鲜平壤民众在仓田街（Changjon Street）的人行道上行走。 （法新社）

最新调查显示，近五成韩国中小学生认为韩朝有必要实现统一，其中“消除战争风险”是支持统一的首要原因。

韩联社报道，根据《统一教育支援法》，韩国统一部与教育部于去年10月16日至11月17日期间，联合面向全韩816所中小学的7万零242名学生进行了“2025年各级学校统一教育实况调查”。

韩国统一部星期二（3月31日）发布的调查结果显示，49.7%的受访学生认为韩朝有必要统一；认为“没必要统一”的比重则为37.9%，较去年同期减少了4.4个百分点。

在支持统一的受访者中，选择实现统一理由的排名依次为“消除战争风险”（32%）、“有望成为更加发达的国家”（20.2%）以及“韩朝本是同一个民族”（13.9%）。

相比之下，反对统一的理由则以“社会问题”（28.6%）和“经济负担”（21.9%）为主。调查显示，尽管受访学生对朝鲜的警惕与敌对情绪（56.8%）仍高于合作意向（39.4%），但两者的差距已同比缩小了11.5个百分点。

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在对朝鲜的定性看法上，韩国青少年的态度依然趋于保守。调查显示，56.8%的受访者认为“应对朝保持警惕或敌对”；认为“应向朝伸出援手或与其合作”的比例则为39.4%。

尽管消极看法仍大于积极看法，但两者之间的差距已同比缩小了11.5个百分点，显示韩国年轻一代对朝认知差距正在缩小。

By

Weijia Jiang

Weijia Jiang Senior White House Correspondent

Weijia Jiang is the senior White House correspondent for CBS News based in Washington, D.C. Jiang has covered the White House beat since 2018, including the transitions between presidential administrations. In 2023, Jiang won an Emmy Award for her contributions to “CBS Mornings.”

Read Full Bio

Weijia Jiang

Updated on: March 31, 2026 / 9:32 AM EDT / CBS News

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President Trump told CBS News Tuesday morning that he is not ready “quite yet” to remove U.S. assets as part of efforts to force Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, despite a Truth Social post suggesting allies need to do it themselves.

In a phone call, Mr. Trump reiterated his frustration that other countries, including the U.K., had not sent military assets to join the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran. But he said he isn’t pulling American forces out of the effort yet.

“At some point I will, not quite yet. But countries have to come in and take care of it. Iran has been decimated, but they’re going to have to come in and do their own work,” Mr. Trump said.

The president also reiterated his claim that, despite ongoing Iranian strikes on ships and Persian Gulf nations’ infrastructure, “there’s no real threat” in the Strait of Hormuz, a key transit route for 20% of the world’s oil supplies.

“I’ll be there, but if they’re having a hard time getting oil, let them come and take it like they’re supposed to. Let them come up and take it. They didn’t want to give a hand to anybody. NATO is terrible, and they’re all terrible. So if they want oil, come up and grab it. There’s no real threat, there’s no substantial threat because the country [Iran] has been decimated,” he said. “Let them come up and take it. It’s about time they did something for themselves.”

Gas prices have continued to rise as the war has progressed. The national average for a gallon officially surpassed $4 Tuesday for the first time in more than 3 years, according to AAA. Asked about this milestone, Mr. Trump said that the prices would drop “when we leave” after the war is over.

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt also told CBS News in a statement, “When Operation Epic Fury is complete, gas prices will plummet back to the multi-year lows American drivers enjoyed before these short-term disruptions.”

Asked when the U.S. military operation may wind down, Mr. Trump did not give an end point but said, “It won’t be long,” adding, “I would say we are two weeks ahead of schedule.”

When the war started, Mr. Trump said it would last “4 to 6 weeks,” but this is already week 5.

He said Iran has “no military might anymore. They are down on everything they had. They’re a mess.”

“We’ve done our job,” he continued. “It’ll take them 10 years to rebuild. We’ve had total regime change. These are different people than anyone has ever heard of before, and frankly they’ve been more reasonable. So, we’ve had total regime change beyond what anyone thought possible. It’s a big factor.”

One of the president’s original objectives was to guarantee that Iran can never have a nuclear weapon. But in the call, Mr. Trump declined to specify if it would be possible to declare victory without removing Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile — something military experts say would be incredibly challenging and risky to attempt.

“I don’t I even think about it. I just know that, you know, that’s so deeply buried it’s gonna be very hard for anybody,” he said. Referring to last June’s U.S.-Israeli bombing of Iran’s nuclear facilities, he said, “Finally people admit it was obliteration. It’s down there deep. And they haven’t been able to do it. You know, even without a war they haven’t been able to do it. So… it’s pretty safe. But, you know, we’ll make a determination.”

Sara Cook contributed to this report.

止住12年连跌势头 移民涌入助意大利人口重回稳定

2026年3月31日 22:55 / 联合早报

意大利统计局指出，意大利是一个只有依靠极高的净移民人数，才能抵消严重的自然人口负增长的国家。 （路透社）

意大利国家统计局（ISTAT）星期二（3月31日）发布的年度人口报告显示，在经历连续12年的萎缩后，意大利人口总数终于趋于稳定。大规模移民的涌入几乎完全抵消了出生人数持续减少带来的影响。

路透社报道，初步数据显示，截至2026年1月1日，意大利常住人口为5894万人，与一年前相比基本持平。

统计局指出：“意大利仍是一个只有依靠极高的净移民人数，才能抵消严重的自然人口负增长的国家。”报告警告，如果没有持续的移民流入，意大利人口将重回萎缩轨道，届时劳动力市场和公共财政将面临巨大的长期压力。

值得注意的是，这一移民潮发生在意大利右翼总理梅洛尼执政期间。尽管梅洛尼政府对非法移民立场强硬，但同时也增加了非欧盟公民的工作签证配额，以填补国内劳动力缺口。

尽管总数企稳，但意大利的自然人口增长依然严峻。

出生人数在2025年仅为35万5000人，同比下降3.9%，创下1861年建国以来的最低纪录。死亡人数维持在65万2000人左右，导致自然增长缺口接近30万。生育率则进一步降至平均每名女性生育1.14个孩子。

与出生率低迷形成对比的是，意大利的人均寿命在后疫情时代继续攀升。目前男性平均寿命为81.7岁，女性为85.7岁，稳居欧盟长寿国家前列。

在移民数据方面，2025年意大利净移民人数为29万6000人，其中入境人数达44万，而移居海外人口降至14.4万人，为近十年来的最低水平。目前，居住在意大利的外籍常住人口已升至556万人。

止住12年连跌势头 移民涌入助意大利人口重回稳定

2026年3月31日 22:55 / 联合早报

意大利统计局指出，意大利是一个只有依靠极高的净移民人数，才能抵消严重的自然人口负增长的国家。 （路透社）

意大利国家统计局（ISTAT）星期二（3月31日）发布的年度人口报告显示，在经历连续12年的萎缩后，意大利人口总数终于趋于稳定。大规模移民的涌入几乎完全抵消了出生人数持续减少带来的影响。

路透社报道，初步数据显示，截至2026年1月1日，意大利常住人口为5894万人，与一年前相比基本持平。

统计局指出：“意大利仍是一个只有依靠极高的净移民人数，才能抵消严重的自然人口负增长的国家。”报告警告，如果没有持续的移民流入，意大利人口将重回萎缩轨道，届时劳动力市场和公共财政将面临巨大的长期压力。

值得注意的是，这一移民潮发生在意大利右翼总理梅洛尼执政期间。尽管梅洛尼政府对非法移民立场强硬，但同时也增加了非欧盟公民的工作签证配额，以填补国内劳动力缺口。

尽管总数企稳，但意大利的自然人口增长依然严峻。

出生人数在2025年仅为35万5000人，同比下降3.9%，创下1861年建国以来的最低纪录。死亡人数维持在65万2000人左右，导致自然增长缺口接近30万。生育率则进一步降至平均每名女性生育1.14个孩子。

与出生率低迷形成对比的是，意大利的人均寿命在后疫情时代继续攀升。目前男性平均寿命为81.7岁，女性为85.7岁，稳居欧盟长寿国家前列。

在移民数据方面，2025年意大利净移民人数为29万6000人，其中入境人数达44万，而移居海外人口降至14.4万人，为近十年来的最低水平。目前，居住在意大利的外籍常住人口已升至556万人。

Supreme Court rules against Colorado’s conversion therapy ban on First Amendment grounds

March 31, 2026 / 11:16 AM EDT / CBS News

By Melissa Quinn

Melissa Quinn is a senior reporter for CBSNews.com, where she covers U.S. politics, with a focus on the Supreme Court and federal courts.

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Washington — The Supreme Court on Tuesday ruled in favor of a Colorado counselor who challenged a state law that bans “conversion therapy” for minors, ruling that lower courts failed to apply “sufficiently rigorous First Amendment scrutiny” in the case.

The high court ruled 8-1 that Colorado’s law, when applied to talk therapy provided by counselor Kaley Chiles, regulates speech based on viewpoint. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson was the lone dissenter. She read her dissenting opinion from the bench.

The ruling reverses a decision from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit that found the law did not violate Chiles’ free-speech rights. The appeals court instead concluded that it regulates professional conduct and only incidentally burdens speech.

The decision from the high court is a narrow one and does not overturn Colorado’s law outright. It requires the lower courts to apply the most stringent level of scrutiny when evaluating its constitutionality, one that sets a high bar for the state to meet.

“Colorado’s law addressing conversion therapy does not just ban physical interventions. In cases like this, it censors speech based on viewpoint,” Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote for the majority. “Colorado may regard its policy as essential to public health and safety. Certainly, censorious governments throughout history have believed the same. But the First Amendment stands as a shield against any effort to enforce orthodoxy in thought or speech in this country.”

Gorsuch write that Colorado’s law doesn’t just regulate the content of Chiles’ speecy, but “goes a step further, prescribing what views she may and may not express.”

In her dissent, Jackson wrote that to do anything other than allow Colorado’s regulation of medical treatment “opens a dangerous can of worms.”

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“It threatens to impair States’ ability to regulate the provision of medical care in any respect. It extends the Constitution into uncharted territory in an utterly irrational fashion. And it ultimately risks grave harm to Americans’ health and wellbeing,” she wrote.

Jim Campbell, chief legal counsel at the Alliance Defending Freedom who argued on Chiles’ behalf before the Supreme Court, cheered the ruling.

“Kids deserve real help affirming that their bodies are not a mistake and that they are wonderfully made. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision today is a significant win for free speech, common sense, and families desperate to help their children,” he said in a statement. “States cannot silence voluntary conversations that help young people seeking to grow comfortable with their bodies.”

Chiles called the ruling a “victory for counselors and, more importantly, kids and families everywhere.”

Colorado’s ban on conversion therapy

Colorado is one of more than 20 states that have enacted restrictions on conversion therapy. Its measure, called the Minor Conversion Therapy Law, was enacted in 2019 and prohibits mental health professionals from engaging in any practice or treatment, including talk therapy, that attempts to change an individual’s sexual orientation or gender identity. Violators face fines of up to $5,000 and may be suspended from practicing or stripped of their license.

Several years after Colorado’s law went into effect, Chiles, a licensed counselor who performs “faith-informed” counseling when sought, sued state officials. She argued that the ban violates her free-speech rights by censoring her conversations with patients based on viewpoint and the content of those discussions.

She aims to engage in talk therapy with minors who want to “reduce or eliminate unwanted sexual attractions, change sexual behaviors or grow in the experience of harmony with [their] physical bodies.” Chiles argued that under Colorado’s ban, families and teens who want to address gender dysphoria by aligning identity and biological sex at birth cannot work with a licensed counselor to help reach that goal. But the measure does allow treatment that supports patients undergoing gender transition, Chiles’ lawyers said.

Colorado officials, though, said the law regulates medical treatments and practices provided by professionals licensed by the state. They argued it is part of a long history of states regulating the health care profession to protect patients from substandard or harmful treatment. Major medical associations have warned that practices aimed at trying to change a patient’s sexual orientation or gender identity are potentially harmful to young people and not supported by credible scientific evidence.

Lower courts had upheld Colorado’s law, finding that it regulates the professional conduct of mental health professionals, not their speech.

The decision from the Supreme Court joins a line of rulings that stand at the intersection of the free speech rights of religious parties and LGBTQ rights. The high court in 2015 legalized same-sex marriage and, five years later, ruled that a federal civil rights law prohibiting workplace discrimination based on sex extends to gay and transgender people.

But its conservative majority has in recent years also sided with plaintiffs who have raised religious objections to state and local measures. In its last term, the high court ruled in favor of a group of Maryland parents who wanted to opt their children out of instruction featuring storybooks that address gender identity and sexual orientation.

In another dispute from Colorado, the Supreme Court in 2023 found that the First Amendment prohibited the state from forcing a Christian graphic designer to express messages that were contrary to her closely held religious beliefs.