2026年4月2日 晚上10:26 UTC / 路透社
作者：戴维·劳德、艾哈迈德·阿布勒埃因
更新于55分钟前
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2026年4月1日，华盛顿，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普从蓝厅抵达白宫十字厅，就伊朗战争发表讲话。亚历克斯·布兰登/泳池拍摄 路透社
- 内容摘要
- 特朗普将对不在美国生产或未降价的品牌药品征收100%关税
- 下调钢铁、铝和铜制成品的关税税率
- 新举措出台于一年前特朗普宣布的大规模关税政策失效之后
华盛顿，4月2日（路透社）——美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周四下令对特定品牌药品进口征收100%关税，并全面调整钢铁、铝和铜关税。此时正值其政府试图摆脱一年前宣布的大规模全球关税政策失效的影响。
此次新一批关税部分旨在弥补2月最高法院裁定这些关税违宪后损失的关税收入。但此举遭到一些商业团体批评，称在伊朗战争推高消费者能源价格之际，新增关税可能带来新的成本压力。
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在一份公布对药品进口长期 awaited 国家安全调查结果的新公告中，特朗普表示，外国专利药品制造商必须同意与美国政府达成协议，降低处方药价格，并承诺将生产转移至美国。
据一名政府官员透露，企业必须同时满足这两项要求才能完全豁免关税；如果仅将部分生产转移至美国，将面临20%的关税；两项都不满足的企业将被征收100%的关税。
此次关税不会适用于所有国家的药品进口。根据与欧盟、日本、韩国和瑞士的贸易协定，品牌药品关税将被限制在15%以内。
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美国和英国还敲定了一项单独的药品关税协议，确保在英国扩大美国本土生产的至少三年内，对英国制造的药品实行零关税。
一名政府官员表示，大型制药公司将有120天的合规期，之后100%的关税税率将生效，小型生产商则有180天的时间。
金属关税下调
特朗普还发布了另一项金属关税公告，将许多钢铁、铝和铜制成品的关税税率减半至25%，并对金属含量极低的产品完全取消关税。
此次调整保留了对钢铁、铝和铜大宗商品进口征收的50%关税。但据该官员透露，特朗普政府现在将按照金属的美国销售价格——而非申报的进口价值——来征收这一税率，该官员称，过去申报的进口价值经常被人为压低。
此次金属关税调整旨在简化过于复杂的关税制度，此前进口商在确定数千种制成品的金属含量价值时头疼不已，这些产品包括拖拉机零件、不锈钢水槽和铁路设备等。
按重量计算金属含量低于15%的产品，比如带有小型钢制切割刀片的牙线盒，将不再受这些关税约束。白宫还表示，将在2027年前将某些金属密集型工业和电网设备的关税从50%降至15%，以助力大规模工业和数据中心建设。
公告称，金属关税调整将于周一午夜后生效。
从“解放日”转向新政策
此次政策调整正值特朗普“解放日”一周年。一年前，特朗普宣布对所有贸易伙伴甚至一些无人岛的进口商品征收10%至50%的“互惠关税”。根据《国际紧急经济权力法》实施的关税引发了中国长达数月的报复性关税、与其他国家的贸易谈判以及进口商的司法挑战。
美国最高法院2月裁定基于《国际紧急经济权力法》的关税非法，随后下级法院下令美国海关与边境保护局制定计划，退还一年来征收的约1660亿美元关税。
美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔周四为《国际紧急经济权力法》关税辩护，称其为“破碎的全球贸易体系的重置按钮”，并称赞这些关税促使企业在美国新建工厂，迫使贸易伙伴为美国出口让步。
“随着特朗普总统的关税计划激励国内生产、提高工人工资并强化我们关键的供应链，最好的日子还在后面，”格里尔在一份声明中说道。
行业反应
美国商会表示，特朗普政府一年来的高关税已经推高了许多行业的价格和成本压力，并警告最新的关税公告可能会进一步推高物价。
商会政策主管尼尔·布拉德利在一份声明中说：“针对药品的全新复杂关税计划将抬高美国家庭的医疗成本。”
“金属关税的调整同样会推高消费者价格，给制造业、建筑业和能源行业带来压力——这些行业已经在应对投入成本上升和持续的供应链挑战，”布拉德利补充道。
但美国钢铁制造商协会主席菲利普·贝尔称赞政府“合理调整”了金属制成品关税清单，并更新了估值方法，以确保关税“精准靶向，支持美国钢铁行业的复苏，同时不损害更广泛的经济目标”。
戴维·劳德报道，罗萨尔巴·奥布莱恩编辑
我们的标准：汤森路透信托原则。
A year after ‘Liberation Day,’ Trump sets new drug tariffs, adjusts metals duties
April 2, 2026 10:26 PM UTC / Reuters
By David Lawder and Ahmed Aboulenein
Updated 55 mins ago
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President Donald Trump arrives from the Blue Room to speak about the Iran war from the Cross Hall of the White House on Wednesday, April 1, 2026, in Washington. Alex Brandon/Pool via REUTERS
- Trump to impose 100% tariffs on branded drugs without US production or price cut
- Trims tariffs on products made with steel, aluminum and copper
- New moves follow collapse of Trump’s broader tariffs announced a year ago
WASHINGTON, April 2 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump ordered 100% tariffs on certain branded pharmaceutical imports and overhauled steel, aluminum and copper duties on Thursday as his administration sought to move on from the collapse of the broad global tariffs he announced exactly one year ago.
The new tranche of tariffs is aimed partly at rebuilding duties lost when the Supreme Court struck them down in February. But they drew criticism from some business groups for adding potential new cost pressures at a time when the war on Iran has spiked energy prices for consumers.
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In a new proclamation revealing the results of a long-awaited national security investigation into pharmaceutical imports, Trump said foreign manufacturers of patented products must agree to make deals with the U.S. government to cut prescription-drug prices and commit to moving production to the United States.
They must do both to avoid tariffs altogether and will face a 20% tariff if they simply move some manufacturing to the U.S., according to an administration official. Those who do neither would face a 100% duty.
The tariffs will not apply to drug imports from all countries. Branded drug tariffs will be capped at 15% under trade deals with the European Union, Japan, South Korea and Switzerland.
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The U.S. and Britain also finalized a separate pharmaceuticals tariff deal that guarantees zero tariffs on British-made pharmaceuticals for at least three years as Britain builds out production in the United States.
An administration official said large pharmaceutical companies would have 120 days to comply before the 100% tariff rates kicked in, and smaller producers would have 180 days.
METALS RATE REDUCED
Trump also issued a separate metals tariff proclamation that halved the duty rate to 25% on many derivative products made with steel, aluminum and copper, and dropped them altogether on products with minimal metals content.
The move kept in place the 50% duty on commodity imports of steel, aluminum and copper. But according to the official, the Trump administration will now apply this rate to the U.S. sales price of the metals – not the declared import value, which the official said had often been kept artificially low.
The metals changes are aimed at simplifying an overly complicated tariff regime that gave importers headaches in trying to determine the value of the metal content of thousands of derivative products, from tractor parts to stainless steel sinks and railroad equipment.
Products with minimal metals content of less than 15% by weight, such as a dental floss container with a tiny steel cutter blade, will no longer be subject to these tariffs. The White House also said it will cut duties on certain metal-intensive industrial and power-grid equipment to 15% from 50% through 2027 to aid a broad industrial and data-center build-out.
The change in the metals tariffs would be effective just after midnight on Monday, the order said.
PIVOT FROM ‘LIBERATION DAY’
The changes came on the one-year anniversary of Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcements of “reciprocal tariffs” ranging from 10% to 50% on imports from all trading partners and even some uninhabited islands. The tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act kicked off months of retaliation from China, trade negotiations with other countries and court challenges from importers.
The U.S. Supreme Court in February declared the IEEPA-based tariffs illegal, prompting a lower court order for the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency to devise a plan to refund some $166 billion in tariffs collected over a year.
Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, on Thursday defended the IEEPA tariffs as a “reset button” for a broken global trading system and credited the tariffs with driving companies to build new factories in the U.S. and forcing trading partners to grant concessions for U.S. exports.
“The best is yet to come as President Trump’s tariff program incentivizes domestic production, raises workers’ wages, and reinforces our critical supply chains,” Greer said in a statement.
INDUSTRY REACTION
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce said that a full year of Trump’s higher tariffs has already raised prices and added cost pressures for many industries, and warned that the latest announcements could spur further price increases.
“A new, complex tariff scheme on pharmaceuticals will raise healthcare costs for American families,” the Chamber’s policy chief Neil Bradley said in a statement.
“Changes to metals tariffs will likewise raise prices for consumers and add pressure to manufacturing, construction, and energy — industries that are already reeling from higher input costs and ongoing supply-chain challenges,” Bradley added.
But Steel Manufacturers Association president Philip Bell praised the administration for “right-sizing” the metals derivatives list and updating its valuation methodology to ensure that tariffs “remain precisely targeted to support the revitalization of the American steel industry without undermining broader economic goals.”
Reporting by David Lawder, Editing by Rosalba O’Brien
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.