By Raphael Satter 和 Alexandra Alper
2026年2月25日 11:03 UTC 更新于56分钟前
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美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥于2026年2月16日在匈牙利布达佩斯与匈牙利总理欧尔班（未在图中显示）举行联合新闻发布会。路透社/伯娜黛特·绍博/文件照片 购买许可权，在新标签页打开
- 特朗普政府反对外国数据主权法律
- 卢比奥的电报批评GDPR过于繁琐
- 欧洲对美国科技公司的数据做法持谨慎态度
华盛顿，2月25日（路透社）- 据路透社看到的一份内部外交电报显示，唐纳德·特朗普总统领导的美国政府已下令其外交官游说反对试图规范美国科技公司处理外国人数据的行为，称此类努力可能会干扰与人工智能相关的服务。
专家表示，这一举措表明特朗普政府正恢复到一种更具对抗性的做法，因为一些外国正寻求限制硅谷公司处理和存储其公民个人信息的方式——这些举措通常被描述为”数据主权”或”数据本地化”。
通过路透社可持续发展转向新闻通讯了解影响企业和政府的最新环境、社会和公司治理（ESG）趋势。在此注册。
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在2月18日签署的国务院电报中，美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥表示，此类法律将”破坏全球数据流动，增加成本和网络安全风险，限制人工智能（AI）和云服务，并以可能破坏公民自由和助长审查制度的方式扩大政府控制”。
电报称，特朗普政府正在推动”更积极的国际数据政策”，外交官应”反对不必要的繁琐法规，如数据本地化要求”。
国务院未回复置评请求。
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数据主权倡议已加快步伐，特别是在欧洲，这是在美国和欧盟因华盛顿的保护主义贸易政策以及对极右翼政党的支持而紧张局势加剧的背景下。
美国人工智能公司的主导地位——其中许多公司依靠海量个人数据来驱动其模型——凸显了欧洲对隐私和监控的担忧。整个欧洲大陆的官员也加大了对美国社交媒体巨头的压力。
荷兰云计算专家、荷兰情报机构监管委员会前成员伯特·休伯特表示，欧洲对美国科技公司日益增长的警惕可能促使华盛顿采取更激进的策略。
“前政府试图拉拢欧洲客户，而现政府则要求欧洲人无视可能阻碍美国商业的自身数据隐私法规，”他说。
“不必要的繁琐”
数据主权法律的范围各不相同。一些法律通过要求从特定国家收集的数据只能存储在该国境内，来规定信息的存储地点。另一些则限制数据的共享方式，限制其向外国公司分发。例如，欧盟2018年的《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）对向国外转移欧洲人数据施加了限制，并已导致对美国科技公司的一系列严厉罚款。
卢比奥的电报引用GDPR作为”实施不必要的繁琐数据处理限制和跨境数据流要求”的例子。
电报还称，中国”将诱人的技术基础设施项目与限制性数据政策捆绑在一起，以扩大其全球影响力并获取用于监视和战略杠杆的国际数据访问权”。电报未提供更多细节，但中国近年来已加强了对其公司存储和传输用户数据的监管。
中国驻华盛顿大使馆表示，不了解该电报内容，但北京”一直高度重视网络安全和数据安全”。欧盟驻华盛顿代表团未回复置评请求。
电报标题将其描述为”行动请求”，要求美国外交官跟踪限制跨境数据流的提案进展，并提供宣传要点，推广2022年由美国、墨西哥、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本等国成立的”全球跨境隐私规则论坛”，该论坛旨在”支持全球数据自由流动和有效的数据保护与隐私”。该论坛未回复置评请求。
这是一系列旨在挫败欧洲数字领域监管的举措中的最新动作。
去年，卢比奥下令外交官大力反对欧盟《数字服务法》，该法案旨在通过迫使主要社交媒体公司删除非法内容（如极端主义或儿童性虐待材料）来使互联网更安全。上周，路透社报道称，美国计划推出一个在线门户网站，帮助欧洲人和其他人绕过对所谓仇恨言论和恐怖主义宣传等材料的审查。
报道：Raphael Satter；编辑：Stephen Coates
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Exclusive: US orders diplomats to fight data sovereignty initiatives
By Raphael Satter and Alexandra Alper
February 25, 2026 11:03 AM UTC Updated 56 mins ago
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U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio attends a joint press conference with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban (not pictured) in Budapest, Hungary, February 16, 2026. REUTERS/Bernadett Szabo/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Trump administration opposes foreign data sovereignty laws
- Rubio’s cable criticizes GDPR as burdensome
- Europe wary of US tech firms’ data practices
WASHINGTON, Feb 25 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump’s administration has ordered U.S. diplomats to lobby against attempts to regulate U.S. tech companies’ handling of foreigners’ data, saying in an internal diplomatic cable seen by Reuters that such efforts could interfere with artificial intelligence-related services.
Experts say the move signals the Trump administration is reverting to a more confrontational approach as some foreign countries seek limits around how Silicon Valley firms process and store their citizens’ personal information – initiatives often described as “data sovereignty” or “data localization.”
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In the State Department cable, dated February 18 and signed by U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, the agency said such laws would “disrupt global data flows, increase costs and cybersecurity risks, limit Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud services, and expand government control in ways that can undermine civil liberties and enable censorship.”
The cable said the Trump administration was pushing for “a more assertive international data policy” and that diplomats should “counter unnecessarily burdensome regulations, such as data localization mandates.”
The State Department did not return a request for comment.
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Data sovereignty initiatives have gathered pace, particularly in Europe, amid flaring tensions between the United States and the European Union over Washington’s protectionist trade policies and support for far-right political parties.
The dominance of U.S. artificial intelligence companies – many of which draw on massive stores of personal data to power their models – has underlined European concerns around privacy and surveillance. Officials across the continent have increased pressure on American social media giants, too.
Bert Hubert, a Dutch cloud computing expert and former member of the board that regulates the Dutch intelligence services, said Europe’s increasing wariness of America’s tech companies may be spurring Washington to take a more aggressive tack.
“Where the previous administration attempted to woo European customers, the current one is demanding that Europeans disregard their own data privacy regulations that could hinder American business,” he said.
‘UNNECESSARILY BURDENSOME’
Data sovereignty laws vary in scope. Some impose rules around where information is kept by requiring that data collected from a certain nation only be stored within that country. Others put restrictions around how data is shared, limiting its distribution to foreign companies. The European Union’s 2018 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), for example, imposed restrictions on transferring Europeans’ data abroad and has led to a series of stiff fines on American tech firms.
Rubio’s cable cited GDPR as an example of a rule that imposed “unnecessarily burdensome data processing restrictions and cross-border data flow requirements.”
It also said China was “bundling enticing technology infrastructure projects with restrictive data policies that expand its global influence and access to international data for surveillance and strategic leverage.” The cable did not provide much more detail, but China has over the past few years tightened regulations over how its companies store and transfer user data.
The Chinese Embassy in Washington said it was not familiar with the cable but that Beijing “has always attached great importance to cybersecurity and data security.” The European Commission in Washington did not respond to a request for comment.
The cable, whose headline described it as an “action request”, tasked American diplomats with tracking the development of proposals to restrict cross-border data flows and supplied talking points promoting the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum, a group established in 2022 by the United States, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Japan, and others “to support the free flow of data and effective data protection and privacy globally.” The Forum did not respond to requests for comment.
The cable is the latest in a series of initiatives aimed at thwarting European regulation of the digital sphere.
Last year, Rubio ordered diplomats to whip up opposition to the EU’s Digital Services Act, which aims to make the internet safer by compelling major social media firms to remove illegal content, such as extremist or child sexual abuse material. Last week, Reuters reported that the United States planned to launch an online portal intended to help Europeans and others bypass the censorship of material including alleged hate speech and terrorist propaganda.
Reporting by Raphael Satter; Editing by Stephen Coates
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