2026年3月11日 上午10:07 UTC / 路透社 / 理查德·考恩报道
华盛顿，3月11日（路透社） – 国会中的共和党人和民主党人正纷纷支持一项鼓励建设更多经济适用房的立法，这是罕见的在关乎选民生活质量问题上两党合作的例子。
该法案已获得行业团体的广泛支持，将全面改革法规，使新建住房的建设速度更快、成本更低。它还将使工厂预制房屋的规定现代化，并禁止大型投资集团购买更多单户住宅——这一措施得到了总统唐纳德·特朗普的支持。
![图片]（此处为原文图片占位符，原图片显示2025年7月28日美国加利福尼亚州恩西尼塔斯一处多单元住宅项目的建筑工人在工作。路透社/迈克·布莱克）
- 摘要
- 11月选举前国会罕见的两党合作
- 支持者称该立法将刺激经济适用房建设
- 自2019年以来住房成本上涨了60%
在共和党人和民主党人就特朗普的移民打击和伊朗战争激烈争论之际，议员们围绕经济适用房努力达成了共识。由南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员蒂姆·斯科特和马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦牵头的最新版本周二在参议院以89-9票的结果通过了程序性障碍。预计未来几天将进行最终表决。
众议院以类似的票数通过了自己版本的法案，参众两院必须解决分歧，特朗普才能签署成为法律。
议员们希望在2026年11月中期选举前向选民展示他们正在解决这一问题，因为选举结果将决定国会控制权。
affordability debate（经济适用房辩论）涵盖了从鸡蛋成本到儿童保育的方方面面，但没有什么比住房在家庭预算中所占比例更大。
经济学家表示，自2008年金融危机后多年建设不足以来，美国大约缺少400万套住房，而地方分区规则往往使在发达地区建房变得困难。
COVID-19大流行期间的供应链中断也推高了建筑材料成本，随后利率的大幅上升也增加了抵押贷款成本。
哈佛大学住房研究联合中心的数据显示，自2019年以来房价上涨了60%，2024年单户住宅的中位数价格达到家庭收入中位数的五倍——远高于普遍认为可负担的比例。
抑制企业购房
该立法将简化联邦对建设项目的环境审查，并使空置建筑更容易改造成公寓。
它还将扩大经济适用房的融资，并提高多户住宅联邦支持抵押贷款保险计划的贷款限额。
全国房地产经纪人协会和全国城市联盟等公民团体支持该法案。
拥有超过350套单户住宅的公司将被禁止购买更多房屋，以防止它们排挤个人购房者。
即使是法案的支持者也表示，这不会解决问题。沃伦称，这是“遏制企业房东的良好第一步”，而自由意志主义的卡托研究所的诺伯特·米歇尔表示，这主要是调整现有政策，试图向选民表明议员们正在采取行动。
“这是一个政治策略，说他们正在为住房问题做些什么，”他说。
报道：理查德·考恩；编辑：安迪·沙利文和丽莎·舒梅克
US lawmakers advance bill to lower housing prices
March 11, 2026 10:07 AM UTC / Reuters / By Richard Cowan
WASHINGTON, March 11 (Reuters) – Republicans and Democrats in Congress are lining up behind legislation to encourage more affordable housing, in a rare example of bipartisan action on a quality-of-life issue for voters.
The bill, which has drawn broad support from industry groups, would overhaul regulations to make it faster and cheaper to build new housing. It would also modernize rules for factory-built housing and ban large investment groups from buying more single-family homes, a measure backed by President Donald Trump.
节点运行失败
A construction worker is shown at work on a multi-unit residential housing project in Encinitas, California, U.S., July 28, 2025. REUTERS/Mike Blake
- Summary
- Rare bipartisanship in Congress before November elections
- Supporters say legislation will spur affordable home building
- Housing costs have risen 60% since 2019
At a time when Republicans and Democrats are fighting bitterly over Trump’s immigration crackdown and the war in Iran, lawmakers have rallied around the affordable-housing effort. The latest version, led by Republican Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina and Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, cleared a procedural hurdle in the Senate on Tuesday by an 89-9 vote. Passage is expected in coming days.
The House of Representatives passed its own version by a similar margin, and the two chambers will have to resolve their differences before Trump can sign it into law.
Lawmakers are eager to show voters they are tackling the issue ahead of the November 2026 midterm elections, which will determine control of Congress.
The affordability debate has encompassed everything from the cost of eggs to child care, but few items account for a larger share of household budgets than housing.
Economists say the U.S. has a shortage of roughly 4 million homes after years of underbuilding following the 2008 financial crisis, while local zoning rules often make it difficult to build in developed areas.
Supply-chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic drove building-material costs higher as well, while the sharp increase in interest rates that followed also pushed up mortgage costs.
Home prices have risen 60% since 2019, according to Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies, and the median price of a single-family home in 2024 reached five times the median household income — well above the ratio widely considered to be affordable.
CURBING CORPORATE HOME PURCHASES
The legislation would streamline federal environmental reviews for construction projects and make it easier to convert vacant buildings into apartments.
It also would expand financing for affordable housing and increase loan limits for federally backed mortgage insurance programs for multifamily homes.
The National Association of Realtors and civic groups like the National League of Cities support the bill.
Companies that own more than 350 single-family homes would be prohibited from buying more, in an effort to prevent them from outbidding individual buyers.
Even the bill’s champions say it will not fix the problem. Warren said it “takes a good first step” to rein in corporate landlords, while Norbert Michel of the libertarian Cato Institute said it mainly tweaks existing policy in an attempt to show voters that lawmakers are taking action.
“It’s a political ploy to say they are doing something about housing,” he said.
Reporting by Richard Cowan; Editing by Andy Sullivan and Lisa Shumaker