2026-04-01T21:01:45.554Z / 路透社
摘要
- 美国宇航局阿尔忒弥斯二号从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空
- 这是50多年来首次载人月球往返任务
- 该任务有望成为人类有史以来距离最远的太空飞行
- 机组成员包括里德·怀斯曼、维克多·格洛弗、克里斯蒂娜·科赫和杰里米·汉森
- 火箭于美国东部时间下午6点35分（格林尼治标准时间2235点）发射升空
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资料图：2026年3月27日，汉森在佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心。REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
其中一名宇航员是加拿大人杰里米·汉森，他将成为首位进入近地轨道以外太空的非美国籍宇航员。这也将是他首次进入太空。
他的参与体现了美加两国在载人航天领域长期以来的合作关系，其中包括加拿大为国际空间站上的机器人设备提供的技术支持。
汉森参与阿尔忒弥斯任务是美国宇航局与加拿大航天局2020年达成的协议内容之一。
“这是我们数十年间的投入与战略投资共同促成的结果，”加拿大航天局宇航员办公室主任马蒂厄·卡隆在谈到机器人技术贡献时说道。
2026年4月1日，美国佛罗里达州提图斯维尔市美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心的一名儿童。REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心的人群，REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
人们在肯尼迪航天中心观看发射。REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
加拿大多伦多格斯坦科学信息中心的观赛活动。REUTERS/Carlos Osorio节点运行失败
华盛顿特区白宫简报室的显示屏正在直播发射画面。REUTERS/Evan Vucci节点运行失败
资料图：2011年2月20日，博尔登在佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角。REUTERS/Scott Audette节点运行失败
退役宇航员、前美国宇航局局长查理·博尔登在几英里外观看发射时喜极而泣。
“这场面真是百感交集，真希望我也在飞船上，”博尔登对记者说道。
“这场面太震撼了。我是个感性的人，激动得流下了眼泪，想到所有为了这一刻辛勤工作了十多年的人们，我无比自豪。我希望明天早上醒来看到所有新闻报道时，无论来自哪个国家，人们都会说‘我们正在重返月球’。我们正在重返月球。”
他上一次进入太空是1994年的STS-60号航天飞机任务。
尽管本次阿尔忒弥斯任务不会在月球表面停留，让我们回顾一下人类首次登陆月球的时刻。
1969年7月20日，奥尔德林在月球上，由同行宇航员阿姆斯特朗拍摄。NASA via REUTERS节点运行失败
这张标志性照片记录了宇航员埃德温·“巴兹”·奥尔德林1969年7月20日的月球漫步画面，由同行宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗拍摄。
阿姆斯特朗在阿波罗11号任务着陆时留下了那句著名的话：“这是我个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”
照片左下角清晰可见月球尘埃上的脚印。
1969年7月20日，奥尔德林在阿波罗11号登月期间在展开的美国国旗旁摆姿势拍照。NASA via REUTERS节点运行失败
作为任务的登月舱驾驶员，奥尔德林在美国国旗旁合影。登月舱位于画面左侧，前景处可见宇航员的脚印。
1969年7月存档照片：宇航员在月球土壤上留下的脚印。肯尼迪航天中心 via REUTERS节点运行失败
另一张存档照片近距离展示了阿波罗11号宇航员在月球土壤上留下的脚印，由70毫米月球表面相机拍摄。
1969年7月存档照片：从绕月轨道的指挥舱和服务舱拍摄的阿波罗11号登月舱。肯尼迪航天中心 via REUTERS节点运行失败
这张照片展示了阿波罗11号登月舱——代号为“老鹰号”的上升段，宇航员阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林在舱内。
照片由同行宇航员迈克尔·柯林斯拍摄，他担任指挥舱飞行员，在阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林探索月球时留在绕月轨道上。
阿姆斯特朗在着陆月球表面后说出了那句著名的话：“老鹰号已着陆。”
2026年4月1日，佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角。REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
美国宇航局的阿尔忒弥斯计划是美国自阿波罗时代以来首次将宇航员送回月球，并最终在月球建立持续人类驻留的项目。华盛顿方面将这一目标定位为在与中国日益激烈的太空竞争中维持太空领导地位的核心举措。
美国宇航局宇航员克里斯蒂娜·科赫，阿尔忒弥斯二号任务专家，上周表示，月球是太阳系形成的“见证板”，也是前往火星的垫脚石。
通过一系列逐步升级的阿尔忒弥斯任务（将延续至未来十年），美国旨在为其他国家在月球表面的运营和共存建立先例，未来各国和企业可以在此开发月球岩石资源，并为难度更高的火星任务进行演练。
资料图：2022年12月11日，墨西哥下加利福尼亚州附近太平洋海域的美国宇航局猎户座飞船。Mario Tama/Pool via REUTERS节点运行失败
阿尔忒弥斯计划是美国将宇航员送回月球并最终在月球建立持续人类驻留的项目。
以下是该计划的关键里程碑：
2017-2018年：计划重启
在唐纳德·特朗普首届政府任期内，美国宇航局被指示将载人航天任务重新聚焦于月球，此前多年该项目的优先目标一直是火星。
2019年：时间表加速
2019年，白宫设定了在2024年前将宇航员送上月球的目标。
2020–2021年：延误不断
技术难题、成本超支以及新冠疫情相关的干扰导致计划一再推迟。
2022年：阿尔忒弥斯一号飞行
2022年11月，美国宇航局发射了阿尔忒弥斯一号任务，将一艘无人猎户座飞船送往月球并返回，任务时长25天。
2023–2024年：计划重新调整
在乔·拜登政府任期内，美国宇航局重新设定了阿尔忒弥斯计划的时间表，将首次载人登月任务推迟至2027年。
2024年：阿尔忒弥斯二号机组人员公布
美国宇航局宣布了阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员：里德·怀斯曼、维克多·格洛弗、克里斯蒂娜·科赫和加拿大宇航员杰里米·汉森。
2026年：新领导层下的阿尔忒弥斯计划全面改革
上任后，美国宇航局局长贾里德·艾萨克曼宣布对阿尔忒弥斯计划进行全面改革。
2026年4月：阿尔忒弥斯二号月球往返任务
本十年晚些时候：计划登月
阿尔忒弥斯计划旨在使用商业开发的着陆器将宇航员送回月球表面，美国宇航局称这是未来火星任务之前必不可少的一步。
阅读更多内容
2026年4月1日，佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角。REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
本次任务预计持续约10天，以下是逐日任务概要：
第1-2天
机组人员将在最初1至2天内处于近地高空轨道，进行全面的系统检查。检查完成后，猎户座飞船的推进系统将执行一项名为“地月转移轨道注入”的关键机动动作，将飞船脱离地球轨道，驶向月球。
第3-4天
在飞往月球的数天航程中，宇航员将持续监控飞船系统。猎户座飞船将以“自由返回轨道”从月球后方经过——这条轨道可以自然将飞船带回地球，无需额外推进。
第5-8天
飞越月球后，机组人员将在返航途中花费数天时间进行额外的深空测试。飞船预计将在太平洋海域溅落，回收团队将接转机组成员。
阅读更多内容
2026年4月1日，佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角肯尼迪航天中心，美国宇航局阿尔忒弥斯二号任务升空。REUTERS/Brendan McDermid节点运行失败
搭载猎户座乘员舱的太空发射系统（SLS）火箭。REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
火箭升空后，固体火箭助推器已分离。REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
肯尼迪航天中心发射前的倒计时时钟。REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
民众聚集观看阿尔忒弥斯二号发射。REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
美国宇航局表示，发射系统核心级的主发动机关闭程序已完成，核心级已成功与临时低温推进级和猎户座飞船分离。
这标志着阿尔忒弥斯二号任务进入上面级操作阶段。
火箭目前已达到超音速，飞行速度超过每小时5000英里（8500公里）。
2026年4月1日，佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角。REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的322英尺（98米）高的太空发射系统火箭搭载宇航员的猎户座乘员舱，于美国东部时间下午6点35分（格林尼治标准时间2235点）发射升空。
发射主任查理·布莱克韦尔-汤普森发出最终许可指令：“阿尔忒弥斯二号机组，发射就绪。全力出发。”
资料图：2026年3月27日，格洛弗在佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角肯尼迪航天中心与汉森、科赫和怀斯曼一同接受媒体采访。REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
自2023年机组人员被公布以来，他们已经为本次任务进行了两年多的训练。
50岁的里德·怀斯曼曾在2014年乘坐俄罗斯联盟号飞船执行任务，在国际空间站停留了165天。
他曾是美国海军试飞员，后来担任美国宇航局首席宇航员，随后被选中担任阿尔忒弥斯二号任务指令长。
“国家和世界已经等待了太久，才得以再次开启这样的任务，”怀斯曼上周对记者表示，并补充道他和机组同事“都非常兴奋，准备出发”。
49岁的维克多·格洛弗曾在2020年开始的168天太空任务中担任NASA Crew-1任务的飞行员，这是SpaceX龙飞船首次执行国际空间站运营任务。在加入NASA之前，他在美国海军服役期间驾驶过40多种机型，包括战斗部署和试飞员职责。
47岁的克里斯蒂娜·科赫在2019年创造了女性最长连续太空飞行纪录，在国际空间站停留了328天。她接受过电气工程师和物理学家的培训，曾担任NASA工程师，并在南极洲执行过长期科研探险任务。
50岁的杰里米·汉森于2009年被选为加拿大宇航员。他的座位体现了美加两国在载人航天领域长期以来的合作关系。
这将是他首次进入太空。
本次发射原计划最早于2月6日进行，后又调整为3月6日，随后因氢泄漏问题，美国宇航局将火箭运回车辆装配大楼进行检查。
但在此之前也出现过多次重大延误。
2024年1月，美国宇航局将阿尔忒弥斯二号的发射时间从2024年底推迟至2025年9月，推迟了近一年。
猎户座飞船是导致延误的原因之一。其热防护罩——保护宇航员免受地球大气层再入时高温影响的外壳——以及包括电池在内的电气系统都出现了问题。
2024年12月，美国宇航局对飞船和热防护罩进行检查后，进一步将发射推迟至2026年4月。
我是路透社太空记者，目前正在佛罗里达报道本次发射。
以下是我们了解到的美国重返月球的原因：
Live: NASA’s Artemis II blasts off from Florida as crew begins historic mission toward the moon
2026-04-01T21:01:45.554Z / Reuters
Summary
- NASA’s Artemis II launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida
- It’s the first crewed mission around the moon in more than 50 years
- Mission poised to be the furthest human flight into space ever
- Astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen aboard
- Rocket blasted off at 6:35 p.m. ET (2235 GMT)
- If you can’t see the content of video posts, please adjust your cookie settings
This video is live; comments made by participants have not been verified by Reuters. Stay with us for fact-checking and analysis.
FILE PHOTO: Hansen at the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida, March 27, 2026. REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
One of the astronauts is Canadian Jeremy Hansen, who will become the first non-American to go beyond low Earth orbit. It’ll also be his first time in space.
His participation reflects a long-standing U.S.-Canadian partnership in human spaceflight, including Canada’s contributions to robotics used aboard the International Space Station.
Hansen’s participation in the Artemis mission was part of a 2020 agreement between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency.
“It was the result of decades of contribution and strategic investment on our part that led to this participation,” said Mathieu Caron, head of CSA’s astronaut office, citing the robotics contributions.
A child at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, in Titusville, Florida, U.S., April 1, 2026. REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
Crowds at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
People watch the launch at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. REUTERS/Marco Bello节点运行失败
Watch party at the Gerstein Science Information Centre in Toronto, Canada. REUTERS/Carlos Osorio节点运行失败
A monitor in the White House briefing room shows the launch, in Washington, D.C. REUTERS/Evan Vucci节点运行失败
FILE PHOTO: Bolden in Cape Canaveral, Florida, February 20, 2011. REUTERS/Scott Audette节点运行失败
Retired astronaut and former NASA administrator Charlie Bolden had tears of joy watching the launch from a few miles away.
“It was bittersweet to see. I wish I was on it,” Bolden told me.
“It was incredible to see. I’m an emotional person, just tears of joy, thinking about all the people that have been working to this day for more than a decade just to get here. Very proud. I hope that in the morning when I wake up and I watch all the news coverage, no matter what country it’s coming from, people will be saying ‘We are on our way back to the moon.’ We are on our way back to the moon.”
His last trip to space was in 1994 on the STS-60 shuttle mission.
While this Artemis mission will not stop on the moon, here’s a look back at the first time humans landed on it.
Aldrin walks on the moon July 20, 1969, photographed by fellow astronaut Armstrong. NASA via REUTERS节点运行失败
This iconic photograph of Astronaut Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin’s moon walk on July 20, 1969, was taken by fellow astronaut Neil Armstrong.
Armstrong famously said of the landing by Apollo 11 crew: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Footprints on the lunar dust are visible on the lower left of the picture.
Aldrin poses beside the deployed U.S. flag during the Apollo 11 moon landing, July 20, 1969. NASA via REUTERS节点运行失败
Aldrin, the mission’s lunar module pilot, posed for a picture beside the flag of the United States. The lunar module is at left and the footprints of the astronauts are visible in the foreground.
Astronaut’s footprint in the lunar soil in July 1969 file photo. Kennedy Space Center via REUTERS节点运行失败
Another archive photograph shows a close-up view of an Apollo 11 astronaut’s footprint in the lunar soil photographed with a 70mm lunar surface camera.
The Apollo 11 Lunar Module photographed from the Command and Service Modules in lunar orbit in this July, 1969 file photo. Kennedy Space Center via REUTERS节点运行失败
This photograph shows the Apollo 11 Lunar Module – which had the mission name The Eagle -in its ascent stage, with astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin aboard.
It was taken from the Command and Service Module by fellow astronaut Michael Collins, command module pilot, who remained in lunar orbit while Armstrong and Aldrin explored the Moon.
Armstrong uttered the famed phrase “The Eagle has landed” after touchdown on the lunar surface.
Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 1, 2026. REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
NASA’s Artemis program is the U.S. effort to return astronauts to the moon for the first time since the Apollo era and eventually establish a sustained human presence there. Washington has framed the goal as central to maintaining space leadership amid growing competition from China.
NASA astronaut Christina Koch, Artemis II mission specialist, on Sunday said the moon is a “witness plate” to the solar system’s formation, and a stepping stone to Mars.
Through a series of increasingly advanced Artemis missions extending into the next decade, the U.S. aims to set precedent for how others will operate and coexist on the moon’s surface, where someday countries and companies can exploit rocky lunar resources and practice for much more difficult missions to Mars.
FILE PHOTO: NASA’s Orion Capsule on December 11, 2022 in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Baja California, Mexico. Mario Tama/Pool via REUTERS节点运行失败
The Artemis program is the U.S. effort to return astronauts to the moon and eventually establish a sustained human presence there.
Here are key milestones in the program:
2017-2018: Program revived
During the first administration of President Donald Trump, NASA was directed to refocus human spaceflight on the moon after years of prioritizing Mars.
2019: Accelerated timeline set
In 2019, the White House set a target of landing astronauts on the moon by 2024.
2020–2021: Delays mount
Technical challenges, cost overruns and COVID pandemic-related disruptions pushed back schedules.
2022: Artemis I flies
In November 2022, NASA launched Artemis I, sending an uncrewed Orion spacecraft around the moon and back during a 25-day mission.
2023–2024: Program recalibrated
Under the administration of President Joe Biden, NASA reset Artemis timelines, pushing the first crewed lunar landing to 2027.
2024: Artemis II crew named
NASA announced the four astronauts for Artemis II: Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen.
2026: Artemis program overhauled under new leadership
After taking office, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman announced a sweeping overhaul of the Artemis program.
April 2026: Artemis II mission around the moon
Later this decade: moon landing planned
Artemis is intended to return astronauts to the lunar surface using a commercially developed lander, a step NASA says is essential before future missions to Mars.
Read more here.
Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 1, 2026. REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
The mission is expected to last about 10 days. Here is a day-by-day outline:
DAYS 1-2
The crew will spend the first one to two days in high Earth orbit conducting extensive systems checks. Once checks are complete, Orion’s propulsion system will perform a critical maneuver known as translunar injection, sending the spacecraft out of Earth orbit and onto a trajectory toward the moon.
DAYS 3-4
During the several-day transit to the moon, astronauts will continue monitoring spacecraft systems. Orion will pass behind the moon on a “free-return” trajectory — a path that naturally swings the spacecraft back toward Earth without requiring additional propulsion.
DAYS 5-8
After the lunar flyby, the crew will spend several days heading home while conducting additional deep-space tests. The spacecraft is expected to splash down in the Pacific Ocean, where recovery teams will retrieve the crew.
Read more here.
NASA’s Artemis II mission lifts off at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 1, 2026. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid节点运行失败
The Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with the Orion crew capsule. REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
The rocket ascends after liftoff, with its solid rocket boosters already detached. REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
Countdown clock before the launch at the Kennedy Space Center. REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
People gather to watch the Artemis II launch. REUTERS/Steve Nesius节点运行失败
NASA says the main engine cutoff of the launch system’s core stage is complete, and the core stage has successfully separated from the interim cryogenic propulsion stage and the Orion spacecraft.
This marks the transition to upper‑stage operations of the Artemis II mission.
The rocket is now at supersonic speed, traveling at more than 5,000 mph (8,500 kph).
Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 1, 2026. REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
The Artemis II’s 322-foot (98-m) Space Launch System rocket topped with the astronauts’ Orion crew capsule launched at 6:35 p.m. ET (2235 GMT).
Launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson gave her final go remarks: “Artemis II crew is go for launch. Full send,” she said.
FILE PHOTO: Glover speaks to the media next to Hansen, Koch, and Wiseman, at Kennedy Space Centre in Cape Canaveral, Florida, March 27, 2026. REUTERS/Joe Skipper节点运行失败
The crew has spent more than two years training for the mission since being named in 2023.
Reid Wiseman, 50, logged 165 days aboard the International Space Station during a 2014 mission launched aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
A former U.S. Navy test pilot, he later served as NASA’s chief astronaut before being selected to command Artemis II.
“The nation and the world has been waiting a long time to do this again,” Wiseman told reporters last week, adding that he and his crewmates “are really pumped to go do this.”
Victor Glover, 49, spent 168 days in space beginning in 2020 as pilot of NASA’s Crew-1 mission, the first operational ISS mission using SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule. Before joining NASA, he flew more than 40 aircraft during a U.S. Navy career that included combat deployments and test-pilot duties.
Christina Koch, 47, set a record in 2019 for the longest continuous spaceflight by a woman, spending 328 days aboard the ISS. Trained as an electrical engineer and physicist, she previously worked as a NASA engineer and carried out extended research expeditions in Antarctica.
Jeremy Hansen, 50, was selected as a Canadian astronaut in 2009. His seat reflects a long-standing U.S.–Canadian partnership in human spaceflight.
This will mark his first time in space.
The launch had been planned for as early as February 6, and then March 6, until a hydrogen leak prompted NASA to roll the rocket back to its vehicle assembly building for scrutiny.
But there were major delays before then too.
In January 2024, NASA pushed back the Artemis II launch nearly a year, from late 2024 to September 2025.
The Orion spacecraft caused some of the delay. Its heat shield, the shell that protects astronauts from the heat of re-entering Earth’s atmosphere, and its electrical system, including its batteries, had issues.
In December 2024, NASA examined the capsule and heat shield and further postponed the launch to April 2026.
I’m a Reuters space reporter, and right now I’m in Florida covering the launch.
Here’s what we know about why the U.S. is returning to the moon:
