发布于 2026 年 3 月 17 日，美国东部时间下午 4:04 / 更新于 2026 年 3 月 17 日，美国东部时间下午 5:17 / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）政治版
作者：摩根·里默（Morgan Rimmer）、泰德·巴雷特（Ted Barrett）
美国国会大厦，2026 年 3 月 17 日。
伊丽莎白·弗兰特（Elizabeth Frantz）/路透社
参议院已启动对“保护美国选民法案”（SAVE America Act）的长时间辩论——这是唐纳德·特朗普总统的首要立法优先事项之一。
议员们投票开始审议该法案，该法案要求选民在联邦选举中出示身份证明和美国公民身份证明。虽然预计该法案不会通过，但辩论可能会在参议院中引发激烈的言辞交锋，双方都认为自己在这一问题上站在历史正确的一边。
从政治角度看，两党的议员都希望向其支持者展示，他们将在该法案上全力以赴。
参会者聆听众议员奇普·罗伊（R-TX）在美国国会大厦外上议院公园举行的“只有公民投票”巴士之旅集会上发表关于通过《保护美国选民法案》的演讲。2025年9月10日，华盛顿特区。《保护美国选民资格法案》（SAVE Act）将强制要求在联邦选举中证明美国公民身份，支持者认为这是必要的，以确保选民名单的准确性，而反对者则表示这可能会阻碍符合条件的美国人投票。肯特·西村（Kent Nishimura）/盖蒂图片社
《保护美国选民法案》包含哪些内容？为何对唐纳德·特朗普如此重要？ 7 分钟阅读
民主党人准备进行长时间——可能持续数天——的反对该法案的发言。与此同时，预计共和党人将试图在法案中加入修正案，以回应特朗普的要求，即终止无需理由的邮寄投票的普遍做法，并针对变性人政策。
随着未来几天参议院辩论的展开，民主党人将试图揭露共和党内部在这些问题上的分歧，这些分歧有时被证明是共和党人有效的文化战争手段，但与选举运作无关。
该法案预计不会通过，因为它没有获得最终结束辩论所需的 60 票，而且参议院共和党人没有足够的票数来改变阻挠议事规则，或维持所谓的“无限期阻挠议事”——这可能会允许参议院民主党人阻挠参议院的工作。
参议院以 51 票对 48 票通过了开始辩论的动议。尽管总统坚持该法案必须通过，但阿拉斯加州共和党参议员丽莎·穆尔科斯基（Lisa Murkowski）与民主党人一起试图阻止对该一揽子计划的辩论，这表明克服 60 票门槛的票数并不存在。
相反，共和党领导层选择允许参议员们发言并辩论该一揽子计划，直到他们筋疲力尽——这甚至可能持续到周末——然后参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩（John Thune）将宣布结束辩论。
大多数共和党人认为该法案将使选举更加安全。而在另一边，民主党人则认为，提交此类文件将阻止人们投票，并成为投票箱前的又一道障碍。
“我期待在美国参议院的议场上就这些重要问题进行一场激烈、漫长且热烈的讨论，”图恩周二表示。
“我认为这是一场重要的辩论，因为它是我们国家选举的核心问题，我认为这是美国人民关心的事情，显然我们从全国各地的选民那里听到了很多关于这一点的声音。”
特朗普近几周向图恩施压，要求他强行通过该一揽子计划。但这位共和党参议院领袖坚持认为，该一揽子计划没有足够的支持，尽管总统威胁说，除非国会通过《保护美国选民法案》，否则他不会签署任何立法。
党内紧张局势的一个迹象是，共和党众议员安娜·保利娜·卢娜（Anna Paulina Luna）抨击图恩对该法案进行“表演性投票”。
“千真万确，”当被美国有线电视新闻网问及她是否对图恩处理该法案感到失望时，她回答道。
“他们在那里进行表演性投票。他们知道这会失败，”她补充道。
众议院在 2 月份通过了该法案的一个版本，但未能满足特朗普的一些优先事项。
参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默（Chuck Schumer）在开始辩论的投票前批评了该法案。
“《保护美国选民法案》不是为了保护投票权，而是为了让投票变得更加困难，让窃取选举变得更加容易，”舒默称其为“一项压制选民的法案”。
“我们民主党人的反对不是针对照片 ID……我们反对的是这是一项压制选民的法案，”他辩称。
本文已根据最新进展更新。
美国有线电视新闻网的马努·拉朱（Manu Raju）和艾琳·格雷夫（Aileen Graef）对本报道有贡献。
Senate kicks off marathon debate over Trump’s voter ID bill
Published Mar 17, 2026, 4:04 PM ET / Updated Mar 17, 2026, 5:17 PM ET / CNN Politics
By Morgan Rimmer, Ted Barrett
The US Capitol on March 17, 2026.
Elizabeth Frantz/Reuters
The Senate has kicked off extended debate on the “SAVE America Act” — one of President Donald Trump’s top legislative priorities.
Lawmakers voted to begin consideration of the bill that would require voters to show ID and proof of US citizenship in federal elections. While the legislation is not expected to pass, the debate could yield fierce rhetorical sparring on the floor, with each side believing they are on the right side of history on the issue.
Politically, lawmakers from each party want to demonstrate to their bases that they are going to the mat on the legislation.
Attendees listen to Rep. Chip Roy (R-TX) speaking at a “Only Citizens Vote” bus tour rally on passing the SAVE Act at Upper Senate Park outside the U.S. Capitol on September 10, 2025 in Washington, DC. The Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act, or SAVE Act, would mandate proof of U.S. citizenship to register for federal elections, a move supporters argue is needed to secure voter rolls while opponents say it risks blocking eligible Americans from casting ballots. Kent Nishimura/Getty Images What’s in the ‘SAVE America Act’ and why is it so important to Donald Trump? 7 min read
Democrats have been preparing to speak at length – and possibly for days – in opposition to the bill. Republicans, meanwhile, are expected to try to add amendments to the legislation that would address asks from Trump, namely provisions that would end the widespread practice of no-excuse mail voting and target transgender policies.
As debate plays out in the Senate in the coming days, Democrats will seek to expose divisions within the Republican conference on the topics, which have at times proven effective culture war fights for the GOP yet are unrelated to the running of elections.
The bill is not expected to pass, as it does not have the 60 votes needed to eventually end debate, and Senate Republicans do not have the votes to change filibuster rules or maintain a lengthy so-called “talking filibuster” that would drag on indefinitely – and risk allowing Senate Democrats to stonewall business in the chamber.
The Senate voted to open debate 51 to 48. In a sign that the votes aren’t there to overcome the 60-vote threshold, despite the president’s insistence on the legislation passing, Republican Lisa Murkowski of Alaska joined Democrats in attempting to block debate on the package.
Senate Majority Leader John Thune talks to reporters after arriving at the US Capitol on March 17, 2026.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Instead, Republican leadership has opted to allow senators to hold the floor and debate the package until they exhaust themselves — which could even extend through the weekend — and Senate Majority Leader John Thune moves to end debate.
Most Republicans argue the bill will make elections more secure. Across the aisle, Democrats argue that presenting this kind of paperwork will deter people from voting, and serve as another barrier to the ballot box.
“I’m looking forward to a vigorous, long and spirited conversation on the floor of the United States Senate about these important issues,” Thune said on Tuesday.
“I think it’s an important debate to have because it is an issue that is at the very core of elections in this country, and I think this is something that the American people care about, something that we’ve obviously heard a lot about from constituents across this country.”
Trump has pressured Thune in recent weeks to force the package through the Senate. But the Republican Senate leader has maintained that the package does not have enough support, despite the president’s threats that he won’t sign any legislation until Congress has passed the “SAVE America Act.”
In a sign of tensions within the party, Republican Rep. Anna Paulina Luna lambasted Thune for holding a “show vote” on the bill.
“1,000%,” she said when asked by CNN if she was disappointed in Thune’s handling of the bill.
“They’re over there doing a show vote. They know it’s going to fail,” she added.
The House passed a version of the bill in February, though it was short of some of Trump’s priorities.
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer criticized the bill ahead of the vote to start debate.
“The SAVE Act is not about protecting the vote. It’s about making it harder to vote and easier to steal an election,” said Schumer, calling it “a voter suppression bill.”
“Our objection as Democrats is not to a photo ID … our objection is it’s a voter suppression bill,” he argued.
This story has been updated with additional developments.
CNN’s Manu Raju and Aileen Graef contributed to this report.