2026年3月26日 / 美国东部时间下午2:28 / CBS新闻
一项由海洋科学家开展的新研究显示，巴哈马群岛的鲨鱼正在摄入包括咖啡因、止痛药甚至可卡因在内的多种物质，这可能对这些动物的健康和行为产生潜在影响。
该研究团队由海洋生物学家和来自多个国际项目的科学家组成，他们分析了85条来自5个不同物种的鲨鱼的血液样本。这些鲨鱼是在一座偏远岛屿海岸约4英里处被捕获的，研究人员对其血液中24种合法和非法药物的含量进行了检测。
根据这项研究，28条鲨鱼的血液中检测出咖啡因、两种常见的非处方抗炎止痛药，其中一条鲨鱼的血液中还检测出可卡因。有些鲨鱼对多种物质呈阳性反应。
研究人员表示，药物、非法药物和其他物质正”日益被认为是海洋和其他水域中令人关注的新兴污染物”。他们指出，那些”正在经历快速城市化和旅游业驱动型发展”的地区风险尤其高。研究人员称，这是首次针对巴哈马鲨鱼受这些污染物影响的研究。
巴西巴拉那联邦大学的动物学家兼副教授、该研究的主要作者娜塔莎·沃斯尼克（Natascha Wosnick）在给CBS新闻的电子邮件中表示：”虽然检测到可卡因——一种非法物质——往往会立即引起关注，但在许多被分析的鲨鱼血液中，咖啡因和药物的广泛存在同样令人担忧。这些是合法物质，经常被使用且往往被忽视，但它们对环境的影响显然是可检测到的。这凸显了我们需要重新审视甚至最习以为常的习惯的必要性。”
数据显示，血液受污染的鲨鱼的代谢标志物（包括与压力和新陈代谢相关的标志物）发生了变化。研究人员表示，目前尚不清楚这些变化是否有害，但有可能导致行为改变。
沃斯尼克说：”我们主要关注的不是鲨鱼对人类攻击性的增加，而是这些污染物对鲨鱼种群健康和稳定性的潜在影响。长期接触这些人为化合物（其中许多在海洋系统中没有天然类似物）可能会产生我们目前仍知之甚少的负面影响。”
研究人员表示，这些数据凸显了”迫切需要解决那些通常被认为是原始生态系统中的海洋污染问题”。
曾参与探索频道电视节目《可卡因鲨鱼》（Cocaine Sharks）的海洋生物学家特蕾西·法纳拉（Tracy Fanara）在2023年告诉CBS新闻，该节目探讨了鲨鱼可能受到可卡因影响的问题。她表示，实验导致了”奇怪的行为”，需要更多研究。在节目中，可以听到她指出一条锤头鲨似乎在追逐一捆假可卡因。
法纳拉在2023年说：”我进行这个实验的目标是揭示我们水道中的化学物质对水生生物以及最终对我们人类造成的真正问题。但这项研究的目标基本上是看看这是否是一个值得进一步探索的研究问题。我想说，是的，这确实值得。”
在2024年的另一项研究中，科学家报告称，巴西附近水域的鲨鱼血液中检测出可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁（可卡因的主要代谢物）呈阳性。据CBS新闻当时报道，这些研究人员检测了鲨鱼肝脏和肌肉中的这些物质含量。在该研究中检查的13条鲨鱼中，每条都检测出高水平的可卡因阳性。研究团队表示，还需要更多数据来了解可卡因和其他物质如何影响鲨鱼和其他野生动物。
Sharks in the Bahamas test positive for caffeine, painkillers and even cocaine, study finds – CBS News
March 26, 2026 / 2:28 PM EDT / CBS News
Sharks in the Bahamas are consuming substances including caffeine, painkillers and even cocaine, according to a new study by marine scientists who say it could potentially impact the animals’ health and behavior.
The research team, made up of marine biologists and scientists from a variety of international programs, analyzed blood samples from 85 sharks of five different species. The sharks were captured about four miles off the coast of a remote island and their blood levels were tested for 24 legal and illegal drugs.
Twenty-eight of the sharks had detectable levels of caffeine, two common over-the-counter anti-inflammatory painkillers, or, in one instance, cocaine in their blood, according to the study. Some tested positive for more than one substance.
Medications, illicit drugs and other substances are “increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern” in oceans and other bodies of water, the researchers said. They noted areas that are “undergoing rapid urbanization and tourism-driven development” are especially at risk. This is the first study looking at the effect of these contaminants on sharks in the Bahamas, the researchers said.
“While the detection of cocaine — an illicit substance — tends to draw immediate attention, the widespread presence of caffeine and pharmaceuticals in the blood of many analyzed sharks is equally alarming,” said lead author Natascha Wosnick, a zoologist and associate professor at the Brazil’s Federal University of Parana, in an email to CBS News. “These are legal substances, routinely consumed and often overlooked, yet their environmental footprint is clearly detectable. This underscores the need to critically reassess even our most normalized habits.”
The data showed the sharks with contaminated blood had changes in metabolic markers, including those tied to stress and metabolism. The researchers said it’s not clear if the changes are harmful, but it’s possible they could lead to behavioral changes.
“Our primary concern is not an increase in aggression toward humans, but rather the potential implications for the health and stability of shark populations,” Wosnick said. “Chronic exposure to these anthropogenic compounds, many of which have no natural analogue in marine systems, may lead to negative effects that are still poorly understood.”
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The researchers said that the data highlights “the urgent need to address marine pollution in ecosystems often perceived as pristine.”
Tracy Fanara, a marine biologist who worked on a Discovery TV show called “Cocaine Sharks” that explored how sharks might be affected by the drug,told CBS News in 2023 about experiments that simulated cocaine exposure. She said it led to “strange behavior” that requires more research. During the show, she can be heard noting that a hammerhead shark appears to be pursuing a bale of fake cocaine.
“My goal of this experiment was to shed light on the real problem of chemicals in our waterways and impacting our aquatic life and then eventually impacting us,” Fanara said in 2023. “But the goal of the study was basically to see if this is a research question worth exploring more. And I would say, yes, it is.”
In a separate study from 2024, scientists reported that sharks in the waters off Brazil tested positive for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, the primary molecule in cocaine. Those researchers looked at the levels of the substances in the sharks’ liver and muscles. Each of the 13 sharks examined for the study tested positive for high levels of cocaine, CBS News reported at the time. The research team said more data would be necessary to see how cocaine and other substances affect sharks and other wildlife.