2026年3月17日 / 美国东部时间上午9:41 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿—— 参议院预计将于周二就《SAVE美国法案》（一项选举法案）展开马拉松式辩论，尽管该法案在参议院通过的前景黯淡，但总统特朗普一直施压国会共和党人予以通过。
数月以来，保守派对该法案一直表示支持，该法案要求选民登记时需提供公民身份证明，投票时需携带照片身份证明。上周，特朗普进一步施压，威胁称在国会通过《SAVE美国法案》之前，他不会签署大多数其他法案，这加剧了共和党人试图突破参议院60票阻挠议事门槛的呼声。
但参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩（John Thune）近几周明确表示，共和党没有足够的票数实现这一点。相反，他承诺本周将对该法案进行“充分而有力的辩论”，这意味着参议院将进行可能持续一周或更长时间的讨论。
“我不能保证这项立法会通过，但我可以保证，我们会让民主党人在记录上表明立场，”南达科他州共和党人图恩上周在预告该计划时表示，“他们将被迫为自己在这些问题上的离谱立场辩护，并向美国人民解释为什么常识与民主党已经背道而驰。”
共和党人将该法案描述为“无争议”的，将投票要求与办理借书证的流程进行类比。但专家表示，该法案将对数百万无法提供护照或出生证明等特定文件的美国人，以及那些更名的人产生影响。
非公民在联邦选举中没有合法投票权，且非公民投票的情况极为罕见。但民调显示，美国人支持选民身份证明和公民身份证明要求。盖洛普（Gallup）的数据显示，2024年大选前，超过80%的美国人支持要求选民出示照片身份证明，同时要求首次登记投票者出示公民身份证明。
参议院共有53名共和党议员，但要达到推进大多数立法所需的60票门槛，仍需民主党支持。由于共和党领袖选择不采用所谓的“冗长辩论”（即阻挠议事，可能导致参议院数周无法运作，且需要共和党会议几乎一致的支持），该法案没有通过的可能。
但这一程序可能迫使民主党人在修正案上进行令人不安的投票，同时通过给予保守派充足的发言时间，使其能够为特朗普最优先考虑的这项法案进行辩护，从而安抚保守派。
特朗普称《SAVE美国法案》将“确保”中期选举胜利
在总统上周要求国会通过《SAVE美国法案》并威胁立法封锁后，他向众议院共和党人强调，通过这项措施将“确保”共和党在11月的中期选举中获胜。他声称，民主党人反对该法案只是因为“他们想作弊”。
“他们知道，如果我们通过这项法案，他们可能50年都赢不了选举，”特朗普表示。
除了当前的法案外，总统还要求议员们增加一项全面禁止邮寄选票的条款，以及与该法案无关的禁止跨性别运动员参加女子体育赛事和禁止对未成年人进行性别肯定手术的条款。
周日的新闻发布会上，参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默（Chuck Schumer）认为，该法案“让投票变得更难，却让窃取选举变得更容易”。
“特朗普一天天在明白，他唯一能获胜的方式就是作弊，而我们不会让他得逞，”纽约州民主党人舒默表示，“我们将尽一切努力阻止这项有害、卑劣、反美国的立法。”
舒默指出，民主党支持选民身份证明，但他认为“这不是一项选民身份证明法案”。
“这本质上是大规模清理选民登记名单，这样当你去投票时，甚至连出示选民身份证明的机会都没有，因为你已经被从名单上剔除了，”舒默解释道。
特朗普政府已要求几乎所有州和哥伦比亚特区提交完整的选民登记名单。根据布伦南司法中心（Brennan Center for Justice）的数据，至少有十几个州已经移交了选民名单或表示有意移交，而司法部已对一些拒绝移交的州提起诉讼。
《SAVE美国法案》要求各州采取措施确保只有美国公民可以登记投票，包括建立一个项目，由各州识别非美国公民身份的个人。该法案中的选民身份证明要求规定，如果身份证明未注明公民身份，除非该州已向联邦政府提交选民登记名单并表明该选民已被验证为公民，否则需要公民身份证明文件才能投票。
民主党人将如何应对该法案冗长的参议院辩论尚未可知。舒默周一表示，“没有一名民主党人”会支持该法案，并承诺反对共和党人在参议院席位上“拖延该法案的时间”的企图。
图恩表示，共和党预计将“继续、全力反对参议院民主党人对选民身份证明和《SAVE美国法案》的反对”。
“共和党人期待这场辩论，”他补充道。
Senate GOP aims to begin marathon debate on SAVE America Act under pressure from Trump
March 17, 2026 / 9:41 AM EDT / CBS News
Washington — The Senate is expected to begin a marathon debate Tuesday on the SAVE America Act, an elections bill that President Trump has been pressing Republicans in Congress to pass, despite its dim prospects in the upper chamber.
For months, conservatives have rallied around the legislation, which would require proof of citizenship to register to vote, along with photo ID to cast a ballot. And Mr. Trump upped the ante last week when he threatened not to sign most other bills until Congress passes the SAVE America Act, adding to growing calls for Republicans to maneuver around the Senate’s 60-vote filibuster threshold.
But Senate Majority Leader John Thune has been clear in recent weeks that Republicans don’t have the votes to do so. Instead, he has promised a “full and robust debate” on the legislation this week, teeing up discussion on the Senate floor that could last a week or more.
“I can’t guarantee an outcome on this legislation, but I can guarantee that we are going to put Democrats on the record,” Thune, a South Dakota Republican, said as he previewed the plan last week. “They will be forced to defend their outrageous positions on these issues, and explain to the American people why common-sense and the Democratic Party have parted ways.”
Republicans have framed the legislation as uncontroversial, comparing the voting requirements to the process of getting a library card. But experts say the bill would have implications for millions of Americans who don’t have access to certain documents, like a passport or their birth certificate, or those who have changed their names.
Noncitizens cannot legally vote in federal elections, and instances of noncitizens voting are rare. But polling suggests Americans are supportive of voter ID and proof of citizenship requirements. Ahead of the 2024 election, more than 8 in 10 Americans were in favor of requiring voters to show photo ID, according to Gallup, along with requiring those who are registering to vote for the first time to show proof of citizenship.
With 53 Republicans in the Senate, support from Democrats is needed to reach the 60-vote threshold to advance most legislation. And since GOP leaders are opting against deploying the so-called “talking” filibuster — which would gum up the Senate floor for weeks and require near-unanimous support from the GOP conference — the bill has no chance of passing.
But the exercise could force Democrats to take uncomfortable votes on amendments, while appeasing conservatives with ample floor time to make their case on the legislation that Mr. Trump has prioritized above all others.
Trump says SAVE America Act will “guarantee” midterm victory
After the president demanded that Congress pass the SAVE America Act last week and threatened a legislative blockade, he stressed to House Republicans that passing the measure will “guarantee” that Republicans win the midterm elections in November.He claimed that Democrats only oppose it because “they want to cheat.”
“They know that if we get this, they probably won’t win an election for 50 years,” Mr. Trump said.
In addition to the current legislation, the president has also demanded that lawmakers add a ban on all mail-in ballots, along with unrelated provisions to ban transgender athletes from participating in women’s sports and bar gender-affirming surgeries for minors.
On a press call Sunday, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer argued that the legislation “makes it harder to vote, and much easier to steal an election.”
“Trump is learning day by day that the only way he’s going to win is stealing it, and we are not going to let him win,” said Schumer, a New York Democrat. “We are going to do everything we can to block this pernicious, despicable, anti-American legislation.”
Schumer noted that Democrats support voter ID, but argued that “this is not a voter ID bill.”
“This is about purging the voter rolls in a massive way, so you never even get the chance to show a voter ID when you showed up to vote because you’d be knocked off the rolls,” Schumer said.
The Trump administration has demanded complete voter registration lists from nearly every state and the District of Columbia. At least a dozen states have turned over their voter rolls or say they intend to, according to the Brennan Center for Justice, while the Justice Department has filed lawsuits against a number of states that have refused.
The SAVE America Act would require states to take steps to ensure only U.S. citizens are registered to vote, including by establishing a program where the state identifies individuals who are not U.S. citizens. And the voter ID requirement in the bill says that if the ID does not indicate the person is a citizen, they would need proof of citizenship documents to vote, unless a state has submitted its voter registration list to the federal government and has indicated that the voter has been verified as a citizen.
How Democrats plan to approach the lengthy floor debate on the legislation remains to be seen. Schumer said Monday that “not a single Democrat” will support the measure, while promising to oppose Republican efforts to “burn time on this legislation here on the floor.”
Thune said Republicans expect “continued, full-throated opposition to voter ID and the SAVE America Act from Senate Democrats.”
“Republicans are looking forward to this debate,” he added.