2026-04-03 12:36:56 UTC / 路透社
作者：露西娅·穆蒂卡尼
2026年4月3日 美国东部时间12:36 更新于27分钟前
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2026年3月30日，美国加利福尼亚州恩西尼塔斯，塔吉特百货门店外张贴的招聘告示。路透社/迈克·布莱克
- 摘要
- 3月非农就业人数增加17.8万
- 受劳动参与率下降影响，失业率从4.4%降至4.3%
- 平均每周工时从34.3小时降至34.2小时
华盛顿4月3日路透电 —— 受医疗行业罢工结束、气温回暖提振，美国3月就业增长大幅反弹，但美伊冲突前景不明，给劳动力市场带来的下行风险正在加剧。
美国劳工部周五发布备受关注的就业报告显示，非农就业人数增幅创下15个月来新高，此前2月非农就业人数曾大幅下滑。不过，此次反弹夸大了劳动力市场的健康状况。上月平均每周工时有所缩短。
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尽管失业率从2月的4.4%降至4.3%，但这是因为有39.6万人退出了劳动力市场。这一数据抵消了家庭就业数据中的疲软表现。经济学家表示，3月的数据还无法体现中东冲突的后续影响，部分人士预计最早4月的就业报告就将显现冲突带来的冲击。
“就业数据受一次性因素提振；整体趋势依然疲软，”潘兴广场宏观经济咨询公司首席美国经济学家塞缪尔·汤姆斯说道。
美国劳工部劳工统计局表示，3月非农就业人数增加17.8万，此前2月非农就业人数经下修后为减少13.3万。接受路透社调查的经济学家此前曾预测，在2月非农就业人数此前公布的减少9.2万基础上，3月非农就业人数将增加6万。
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经济学家的预测区间从减少2.5万个岗位到增加12.5万个岗位不等。过去12个月里，非农就业人数基本没有变化。
3月就业报告可能不会对利率前景产生影响，因为冲突引发的供应链 disruption 尚未完全传导至经济层面。今年降息的概率已大幅降低。美联储上月将基准隔夜利率维持在3.50%至3.75%区间。
医疗行业贡献了大部分就业增长，新增7.6万个岗位，其中部分原因是3.5万名医生办公室员工在罢工结束后重返工作岗位。医院就业人数也有所增加。
标题为“美国就业月度变化”的柱状图
联邦政府就业人数进一步下滑
温暖天气提振了建筑行业就业，该行业当月新增2.6万个岗位。交通运输和仓储业就业人数增加2.1万。自2025年2月达到峰值以来，交通运输和仓储业就业人数已减少13.9万。
社会救助行业就业继续增长。但联邦政府就业人数再次减少1.8万。自2024年10月达到峰值以来，联邦政府就业人数已减少35.5万，降幅达11.8%。金融活动行业出现就业岗位流失。
劳动力市场一直受不确定性冲击，最初源于唐纳德·特朗普总统的激进进口关税政策。就在部分阴霾开始消散之际，美国最高法院2月裁定特朗普依据一项专为国家紧急状态制定的法律实施的关税无效。
但特朗普随即宣布实施为期最长150天的全球关税。美国劳工统计局本周公布的数据显示，2月职位空缺数降幅创近1.5年以来最大，表明劳动力需求正在下滑。
2月底，美国和以色列对伊朗发动打击，导致全球油价飙升逾50%，国内汽油价格也随之上涨。经济学家表示，这场已持续两个月的战争给企业带来了新一层不确定性，他们预计刚刚开启的第二季度劳动力市场将受到冲击。
本周全国零售汽油均价突破每加仑4美元，为三年多来首次。
这将推高通胀、削弱家庭购买力，抵消部分工资增长的强劲势头，并放缓消费支出。3月这场战争导致股市市值蒸发约3.2万亿美元。特朗普周三誓言将对伊朗发动更激进的打击。
经济学家表示，特朗普政府的大规模驱逐移民政策也加剧了劳动力市场瘫痪，减少了劳动力供给，最终损害了商品和服务需求以及就业岗位。
平均每周工时从2月的34.3小时降至34.2小时。平均小时工资增长0.2%，此前2月增幅为0.4%。3月工资同比增长3.5%，2月增幅为3.8%。
露西娅·穆蒂卡尼报道；丹·伯恩斯与安德里亚·里奇编辑
本社报道准则：汤姆森路透社诚信原则
US job growth accelerates by the most in 15 months in March
2026-04-03 12:36:56 UTC / Reuters
By Lucia Mutikani
April 3, 2026 12:36 PM UTC Updated 27 mins ago
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A sign posted outside a Target store states the company is hiring in Encinitas, California, U.S., March 30, 2026. REUTERS/Mike Blake
- Nonfarm payrolls increase 178,000 in March
- Unemployment rate falls to 4.3% from 4.4% amid decline in participation rate
- Average workweek shortens to 34.2 hours from 34.3 hours
WASHINGTON, April 3 (Reuters) – U.S. job growth rebounded sharply in March as a strike by healthcare workers ended and temperatures warmed up, but downside risks for the labor market are mounting from a war with Iran that has no clear end in sight.
The biggest increase in nonfarm payrolls in 15 months reported by the Labor Department in its closely watched employment report on Friday followed a sharp decline in February. Still, the rebound overstates the labor market’s health. The average workweek was shorter last month.
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While the unemployment rate fell to 4.3% from 4.4% in February, that was because 396,000 people dropped out of the labor force. That more than offset weakness in household employment. Economists said March was too early to capture the fallout from the Middle East conflict, with some expecting that could become evident as soon as April’s employment report.
“Payrolls boosted by one-time factors; the trend still looks weak,” said Samuel Tombs, chief U.S. economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.
Nonfarm payrolls increased by 178,000 jobs last month after a downwardly revised 133,000 drop in February, the Labor Department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics said. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast payrolls rising by 60,000 jobs after a previously reported 92,000 decrease in February.
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Estimates ranged from a loss of 25,000 positions to a gain of 125,000 jobs. Payroll employment has been little changed in the past 12 months.
March’s employment report likely has no impact on the interest rate outlook, with the effects of supply chain disruptions from the conflict still to work their way through the economy. The odds of a rate cut this year have greatly diminished. The Federal Reserve left its benchmark overnight interest rate in the 3.50% to 3.75% range last month.
The healthcare sector accounted for most of the job gains, adding 76,000 positions, partly reflecting the return to work of 35,000 employees at physicians’ offices following a strike. Employment also increased at hospitals.
A column chart with the title ‘Monthly change in US jobs’
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PAYROLLS DECLINE FURTHER
Warmer weather boosted construction employment, which increased by 26,000 positions. Transportation and warehousing payrolls increased by 21,000 jobs. Employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 139,000 since reaching a peak in February 2025.
There were further gains in social assistance employment. But federal government employment declined by another 18,000. Since reaching a peak in October 2024, federal government employment is down by 355,000, or 11.8%. There were job losses in the financial activities sector.
The labor market has been buffeted by uncertainty, starting with President Donald Trump’s aggressive import tariffs. Just as some of the clouds were starting to clear, the U.S. Supreme Court in February struck down the duties, which Trump had pursued under a law meant for use in national emergencies.
Trump, however, responded by imposing a global tariff for up to 150 days. Data from the BLS this week showed job openings decreased by the most in nearly 1-1/2 years in February, pointing to slipping labor demand.
At the end of February, the U.S. and Israel launched strikes against Iran, sending global oil prices soaring more than 50%, and boosting domestic gasoline prices. Economists said the war, now in its second month, was another layer of uncertainty for businesses, and they expected a hit on the labor market in the just-started second quarter.
The national average retail gasoline price this week topped $4 a gallon for the first time in more than three years.
This will feed through to higher inflation and erode households’ purchasing power, offsetting some of the strength in wage growth, and slowing spending. The war wiped about $3.2 trillion from the stock market in March. Trump on Wednesday vowed more aggressive strikes on Iran.
Mass deportations by the Trump administration have also contributed to labor market paralysis, economists said, by reducing supply, which ultimately hurts demand for goods and services, and workers.
The average workweek eased to 34.2 hours from 34.3 hours in February. Average hourly earnings rose 0.2% after increasing 0.4% in February. Wages increased 3.5% in March year-on-year after advancing 3.8% in February.
Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Dan Burns and Andrea Ricci
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.