美伊谈判前夕伊朗食髓知味 拟永久牢控霍尔木兹海峡

2026年4月9日 23:29 / 联合早报

分析认为，伊朗在利用这场战争创造新的筹码，并要永久掌控霍尔木兹海峡。图为今年3月在霍尔木兹海峡附近航行的货船。 （路透社）

（德黑兰／布鲁塞尔综合电）美伊达成两周停火，霍尔木兹海峡终于放行；但到了星期四，海峡的船舶通行依然受阻，只有一艘油品油轮和五艘货船驶过海峡；仍有800多艘船滞留。

各方消息显示，伊朗仍牢牢掌控这条国际关键航道的“通行权”，甚至将这把新筹码玩于股掌之上“收放自如”，意图通过控制海峡，谋取长期实质与战略利益。

航运数据平台Kpler、劳氏日报情报公司和信号海洋公司的数据显示，截至新加坡时间星期四（4月9日）晚间7时的过去24小时，只有一艘油品油轮和五艘货船驶过海峡。星期三（8日）也仅有七艘船驶出波斯湾，全与伊朗有某种关联。战事爆发前，每天平均有140艘船只通过霍尔木兹海峡。

《华尔街日报》星期三报道，伊朗向国际调解方表明，每天限制放行10多艘船只穿越霍尔木兹海峡，并继续收费。

俄罗斯官方通讯社塔斯社（TASS）星期四引述伊朗消息人士的话报道，根据伊朗与美国达成的停火协议，伊朗每天只允许最多15艘船通过海峡。

阿拉伯调解方说，伊方指示通行船只须与伊朗革命卫队协调。调解方和船舶经纪人透露，伊朗要求船只提前协商通行费，然后以加密货币或人民币支付。

据法新社报道，伊方星期四也发布船只替代航行路线，以避开主要航道的水雷。目前仍有800多艘船只滞留在海峡。

分析：对伊朗而言 掌控霍尔木兹海峡堪比核计划

分析说，伊朗的要求表明，它已利用这场战争来创造新的筹码，并可能永久掌控霍尔木兹海峡，从中获利。

以色列国家安全研究所学者希特林诺维茨（Danny Citrinowicz）说：“对伊朗来说，霍尔木兹海峡的重要性甚至堪比导弹与核计划。对他们而言，控制霍尔木兹海峡是必须的。”

六周前战事未爆发前，船只在霍尔木兹海峡可自由航行，无需与伊军进行任何协调。分析认为，伊方的新安排正在改变波斯湾的权力平衡，并扩大伊朗的全球影响力。

美伊停火后 首批穿越霍尔木兹海峡的可能是两艘中国油船

另据彭博社报道，两艘满载原油的中国油船正靠近霍尔木兹海峡，可能成为美伊停火后首批穿越海峡的油轮。

另一方面，北约一名高级官员透露，美国要欧洲盟友协助恢复霍尔木兹海峡通行，并在几天内提呈具体计划。

这名官员说，美方是在北约秘书长吕特星期三到白宫会见总统特朗普、拜访五角大楼和国务院期间，提出这个要求。

针对有关消息，白宫、五角大楼和国务院都不予置评。

由英国牵头、包括欧洲、日本和加拿大在内的40多个国家承诺，在美伊停战后协助重开霍尔木兹海峡。全球约两成的石油和天然气经过这条海峡。霍尔木兹海峡被封锁导致全球能源价格飙升，并引发对燃料短缺的担忧。

英国南极调查局于4月8日发布的照片显示，南极洲哈雷研究站的一对帝企鹅和一只幼崽。 （法新社）

世界自然保护联盟发布公报说，由于南极地区的气候变化，帝企鹅和南极毛皮海狮已列为“濒危”物种。

星期四（4月9日）发布的公报说，在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中，帝企鹅（Emperor Penguins）的评级已从“近危”调整为“濒危”，而南极毛皮海狮海狮（Antarctic fur seal）的评级则从“无危”调整至“濒危”。

帝企鹅在严冬时节于海冰上繁殖，雄鸟依靠平坦的冰面将卵固定在脚下保温。海冰也为雏鸟提供栖息地，并在它们换毛、羽毛尚未完全防水之前，为它们提供庇护。但气候变化导致海冰稳定性下降，造成春季海冰消融或提前融化。

自2016年以来，海冰面积一直处于历史低位，其对帝企鹅的影响已得到充分证实。卫星图像显示，仅在2009年至2018年间，就有约2万只成年帝企鹅——约占其总数的10%——消失。

法新社引述法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS）的科学家巴布罗（Christophe Barbraud）说：“帝企鹅与海冰和冰盖密切相关，然而，自2016年至2017年以来，南极洲周围的海冰范围显著减少，如果没有海冰，帝企鹅的生存将面临巨大挑战。”

延伸阅读

研究：食物短缺导致非洲企鹅数量锐减
马来亚虎数量锐减仍遭盗猎 马国誓言加强打击

新华社引述公报说，南极地区的气候变化正导致海冰提前破裂或消融，这是帝企鹅种群数量下降的主要驱动因素。世界自然保护联盟预计到21世纪80年代，帝企鹅种群数量将减少一半。卫星图像显示，仅在2009年至2018年间，帝企鹅种群数量就减少约10%，相当于2万多只成年帝企鹅消失。

毛皮海狮减半

公报还指出，南极毛皮海狮种群数量从1999年估计的218.7万只成熟个体下降到2025年的94.4万只，降幅50%以上。其种群持续衰退的主因仍是气候变化，海洋温度上升和海冰面积缩减正迫使磷虾向更深、更冷的水域迁移，从而减少南极毛皮海狮的食物来源。

世界自然保护联盟总干事阿吉拉尔说，帝企鹅和南极毛皮海狮在濒危物种红色名录中的评级变动，为气候变化现状敲响警钟。“这些重要发现应促使我们在社会各界及各层级立即采取行动，果断应对气候变化。”

世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录从20世纪60年代开始编制，名录将物种生存状况划分为九个等级，分别为灭绝、野外灭绝、极危、濒危、易危、近危、无危、数据缺乏、未予评估。

北京是美伊停火关键推手？中国外交部不证实不否认

2026年4月9日 23:40 / 联合早报

美国白宫证实，美中两国政府高层曾就美伊停火协议进行对话。中国外交部对此既不证实也不否认，并透露外长王毅同相关国家外长先后通话26次。

在美国总统特朗普威胁摧毁伊朗的通牒到期前最后一刻，美伊星期三（4月8日）宣布同意停火两周，伊朗重开霍尔木兹海峡。美伊预计星期五（10日）将于巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡举行谈判。

与伊朗接壤的巴基斯坦在美伊之间斡旋，促成了临时停火安排。伊朗出口原油最大买家——中国，是否也悄悄在幕后参与推动伊朗与美国谈判，同样引人关注。

美国白宫新闻秘书莱维特星期三在记者会上回答媒体提问时证实，美中两国政府高层之间，确实曾就伊朗问题进行对话。特朗普在接受法新社电访时也表示，相信中国促成伊朗参与停火协议谈判。他说：“我听说是的。他们参与了。”

巴基斯坦总理谢里夫同天直接在X平台上以中文发贴文，感谢包括中国在内的几个“兄弟国家”，为促成停火提供支持。

英国《卫报》的报道则披露称，中国直接劝说伊朗接受停火协议并提供担保，承诺伊朗领导人未来赴谈判时不会遭到暗杀。

报道引述巴基斯坦官员称：“中国发挥了主要作用。他们成为停火协议的担保方，并承诺美国将遵守协议，而且在伊斯兰堡举行的谈判也将顺利进行。”

伊朗驻中国大使法兹里星期三在驻华使馆举行的记者会上明确表示，希望中国、俄罗斯和联合国等能成为地区和平的“安全担保方”。

多家美国媒体星期三在中国外交部例行记者会上追问，北京是否推动伊朗与美国就停火协议进行谈判，以及会否考虑向伊朗提供安全担保。

中国外交部发言人毛宁没有正面回答。她重申伊朗战事爆发以来，“中方一直积极致力于促和止战”，又称作为负责任大国，中国将继续发挥建设性作用，为恢复海湾和中东地区的和平安宁作出积极贡献。

毛宁也说，王毅同相关国家的外长先后26次通话，中国政府中东问题特使赴中东和海湾地区穿梭访问，中国和巴基斯坦还共同提出了关于恢复海湾和中东地区和平稳定的五点倡议。

中巴五点倡议是在3月31日巴基斯坦副总理兼外长达尔抵达北京，与王毅举行会谈之后，两国共同提出。在四天前即3月27日，王毅已与达尔通过电话。

新加坡南洋理工大学拉惹勒南国际研究院副教授李明江向《联合早报》分析，中国参与调解美伊战争主要出于自身利益考量，一是中国在伊朗投资规模较大，二是中国从中东地区进口大量原油，战火不停将导致中国面临巨大损失。

李明江也说，中国向来选择性向国际展示它发挥的调解作用，例如2023年沙特和伊朗在中国斡旋下同意恢复外交关系。北京这次选择调低调解美伊冲突，主要考虑敏感性和有效性。“有些信息可能不方便完全公开。公开的话，可能会让伊朗难堪，或者美国和以色列不接受。”

彭博社也引述美国外交关系委员会中国研究高级研究员刘宗媛指出，伊朗战争直接威胁到中国经济增长和政治稳定所依赖的经济环境，促使中国劝说伊朗停火并与美国进一步谈判。

报道也说，下周公布的数据料将显示，伊朗战争拖缓了中国工业产出和出口。

Republicans block Jeffries’ gambit to curb Trump’s Iran war powers

April 9, 2026 11:39am EDT / Fox News

Hakeem Jeffries has demanded the House reconvene immediately to vote on ending the Iran conflict permanently

By Adam Pack, Fox News

Iran ceasefire in peril: UAE demands clarification as aggression continues

Matt Finn reports live from Dubai as the UAE demands urgent clarification on the Iran ceasefire agreement, stating the ‘era of courtesies has passed’ amid escalating aggression. Retired Navy Captain Brent Sadler analyzes the peril in the Strait of Hormuz, where Iran has fired 2,819 missiles over the last 40 days.

House Republicans shot down an attempt by Democratic lawmakers Thursday to curb President Donald Trump’s war powers amid a two-week ceasefire between the U.S. and Iran.

A group of House Democrats, led by Rep. Glenn Ivey, D-Md., sought to pass a war powers resolution by unanimous consent during a pro forma session Thursday morning. Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J., who presided during the pro forma, gaveled out of session before recognizing the Maryland Democrat on the floor.

The war powers measure, supported by House Democratic leadership, would have ended the Iran conflict and blocked Trump from taking further military action absent congressional approval.

“Congress needs to consider this. The time has come. The time has come,” Ivey said after Smith adjourned the session.

WATCH: CAPITOL HILL DEBATE ERUPTS OVER WHETHER TRUMP’S IRAN STRIKES AMOUNT TO ‘WAR’

Rep. Glenn Ivey, D-Md., arrives for a vote in the Capitol on Tuesday, February 25, 2024.(Bill Clark/Getty Images)

The floor battle comes as House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., has demanded that House GOP leadership immediately reconvene the chamber and vote to check Trump’s war powers in Iran. The House is currently in a two-week recess and is not expected to formally reconvene until the week of April 13.

“A two-week ceasefire is woefully insufficient. Accordingly, we have demanded that the House come back into session immediately in order to vote on our resolution to permanently end the war in the Middle East,” Jeffries wrote in a “Dear Colleague” letter Wednesday.

Jeffries’ demand followed Trump’s announcement of a temporary ceasefire with Iran on Tuesday evening, with administration officials hailing Operation Epic Fury as an unequivocal success.

Vice President JD Vance, Special Envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff, and the president’s son-in-law Jared Kushner are expected to head to Islamabad for in-person talks hosted by Pakistani mediators. It is unclear whether Iranian officials, who are insistent upon a ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon, will attend.

United State House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) speaks during a press conference in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 20, 2025.(Nathan Posner/Anadolu)

AOC DOUBLES DOWN ON CALL FOR TRUMP’S OUSTER EVEN AFTER CEASEFIRE ANNOUNCEMENT

Democrats in both chambers have repeatedly attempted to curb Trump’s military authority in Iran since the conflict began in late February, but have been thwarted by GOP opposition. Trump could still veto a war powers resolution if a bipartisan measure passes Congress.

House Democrats are likely to force another vote on reining in Trump’s war powers as early as next week.

Several House Republicans who previously voted against a war powers resolution, including Rep. Nancy Mace, R-S.C., have signaled openness to supporting the measure if it comes to the floor again. Reps. Thomas Massie, R-Ky., and Warren Davidson, R-Ohio, have previously crossed party lines to support blocking Trump from using military force in Iran absent congressional authorization.

U.S. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY) arrives for a House vote on the funding bill to reopen the government on February 3, 2026 in Washington, DC.(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., announced that Democrats in the upper chamber would force a vote on a fourth war powers resolution as soon as next week.

The top Democrat also argued that Operation Epic Fury was “one of the very worst military and foreign policy actions that the United States has ever taken,” at a news conference in New York City on Wednesday.

英国南极调查局于4月8日发布的照片显示，南极洲哈雷研究站的一对帝企鹅和一只幼崽。 （法新社）

世界自然保护联盟发布公报说，由于南极地区的气候变化，帝企鹅和南极毛皮海狮已列为“濒危”物种。

星期四（4月9日）发布的公报说，在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中，帝企鹅（Emperor Penguins）的评级已从“近危”调整为“濒危”，而南极毛皮海狮海狮（Antarctic fur seal）的评级则从“无危”调整至“濒危”。

帝企鹅在严冬时节于海冰上繁殖，雄鸟依靠平坦的冰面将卵固定在脚下保温。海冰也为雏鸟提供栖息地，并在它们换毛、羽毛尚未完全防水之前，为它们提供庇护。但气候变化导致海冰稳定性下降，造成春季海冰消融或提前融化。

自2016年以来，海冰面积一直处于历史低位，其对帝企鹅的影响已得到充分证实。卫星图像显示，仅在2009年至2018年间，就有约2万只成年帝企鹅——约占其总数的10%——消失。

法新社引述法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS）的科学家巴布罗（Christophe Barbraud）说：“帝企鹅与海冰和冰盖密切相关，然而，自2016年至2017年以来，南极洲周围的海冰范围显著减少，如果没有海冰，帝企鹅的生存将面临巨大挑战。”

延伸阅读

研究：食物短缺导致非洲企鹅数量锐减马来亚虎数量锐减仍遭盗猎 马国誓言加强打击

新华社引述公报说，南极地区的气候变化正导致海冰提前破裂或消融，这是帝企鹅种群数量下降的主要驱动因素。世界自然保护联盟预计到21世纪80年代，帝企鹅种群数量将减少一半。卫星图像显示，仅在2009年至2018年间，帝企鹅种群数量就减少约10%，相当于2万多只成年帝企鹅消失。

毛皮海狮减半

公报还指出，南极毛皮海狮种群数量从1999年估计的218.7万只成熟个体下降到2025年的94.4万只，降幅50%以上。其种群持续衰退的主因仍是气候变化，海洋温度上升和海冰面积缩减正迫使磷虾向更深、更冷的水域迁移，从而减少南极毛皮海狮的食物来源。

世界自然保护联盟总干事阿吉拉尔说，帝企鹅和南极毛皮海狮在濒危物种红色名录中的评级变动，为气候变化现状敲响警钟。“这些重要发现应促使我们在社会各界及各层级立即采取行动，果断应对气候变化。”

世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录从20世纪60年代开始编制，名录将物种生存状况划分为九个等级，分别为灭绝、野外灭绝、极危、濒危、易危、近危、无危、数据缺乏、未予评估。

Cash-strapped US Postal Service suspends contributions to pension plan

2026-04-09 13:09:21 UTC / Reuters

By David Shepardson

April 9, 2026 1:09 PM UTC Updated 1 hour ago

节点运行失败

A United States Postal Service (USPS) collection box is pictured in Washington, U.S., December 18, 2024. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab

WASHINGTON, April 9 (Reuters) – The U.S. Postal Service said Thursday it will temporarily suspend employer payments for a ​federal pension program to conserve cash amid a severe financial crisis.

USPS ‌told the White House Office of Personnel Management that effective Friday it will stop making $200 million payments every other week for its employer contributions for the defined ​benefit portion of the Federal Employees Retirement System. USPS warned Thursday ​that without reforms it could run out of cash as ⁠soon as February.

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USPS estimated it will save $2.5 billion with the action through ​September 30 and said there would not be any immediate detrimental impact ​on current or future retirees if the payments are temporarily withheld.

The service has reported net losses of $118 billion since 2007 as first-class mail, its most profitable product, has fallen ​to its lowest volume since the late 1960s. USPS in February ​reported a quarterly loss of $1.25 billion.

“The risk to the Postal Service and the American public ‌from ⁠insufficient liquidity for postal operations dramatically outweighs any longer-term risk to the pension funds from not making the currently due payments,” USPS said.

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Earlier this week, USPS won approval from the Postal Regulatory Commission for a temporary ​8% price hike for ​priority mail ⁠and package deliveries, effective April 26, to deal with rising transportation and fuel costs. USPS plans for the surcharge ​to be in effect through January 17.

U.S. Postmaster General ​David Steiner ⁠told Congress last month that hiking first-class mail stamp prices to 95 cents or $1 or more, up from the current 78 cents, would provide added ⁠revenue ​and help it cut losses.

Stamp prices are up ​46% since early 2019, when they were 50 cents, but Steiner said they are still ​far lower than in other countries.

Reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

By Ainsley Ehlers, CNN

Published 9:50 AM EDT, Thu April 9, 2026

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The Odds: VP Vance and Victor Orbán

CNN News Central’s John Berman and Chief Data Analyst Harry Enten take a look at where Americans stand on JD Vance taking time to support Hungarian Prime Minister Victor Orbán who is trailing in polls ahead of parliamentary elections this weekend.

3:27 • Source: CNN

Acting AG Todd Blanche gives go-ahead to pursue death penalty in MS-13 murder case

2026-04-09 10:09 AM EDT / CBS News

By Nicole Sganga

Nicole Sganga Homeland Security and Justice Correspondent

Nicole Sganga is CBS News’ homeland security and justice correspondent. She is based in Washington, D.C., and reports for all shows and platforms.

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche authorized the top federal prosecutor in California to seek the death penalty for three alleged MS-13 members charged with killing a victim who was cooperating with authorities, according to a memo dated April 8 and obtained by CBS News.

In one of his first acts as acting attorney general, Blanche directed First Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California Bilal Essayli to pursue the death penalty for Roberto Carlos Aguilar, Dennis Anaya Urias and Grevil Zelaya Santiago.

The three alleged members of the MS-13 transnational criminal organization are charged in federal complaints with murder in aid of racketeering for the killing of a victim who was cooperating with federal authorities.

According to prosecutors, the victim had been marked for death by the gang, and Urias and Santiago allegedly carried out the shooting at a grocery store in South Los Angeles on February 18, 2025. The Justice Department said in a news release that the gang knew of the victim’s cooperation with the government, which made him “subject to a ‘green light’ order that made him a target for murder by MS-13 members.”

About an hour before his death, the victim apparently had a chance encounter with Aguilar inside the store, the Justice Department said. That evening, the victim called authorities twice and told them MS-13 gang members had just tried to shoot him, but the gun failed to fire. “Then, during the second telephone call, several gunshots were heard,” the department’s release states.

The charges carry a mandatory sentence of life in federal prison and make the defendants eligible for the death penalty if convicted.

美国商务部经济分析局星期四（4月9日）发布的第三次GDP预估值低于此前预期。图为停泊在美国洛杉矶港的一艘货轮。 （法新社）

美国商务部公布的最终数据显示，2025年第四季度美国实际国内生产总值（GDP）按年率计算增长0.5%，低于此前0.7%的修正值和1.4%的首次预估值。

美国商务部经济分析局星期四（4月9日）发布的第三次GDP预估值低于此前预期。此前公布的第四季度GDP增速为0.7%。初值曾预测GDP增速为1.4%。

路透社调查的经济师此前预测，GDP增速将维持在0.7%不变。第四季度增速的修正反映了企业在知识产品和库存方面的支出预期下调。

新华社引述美国商务部说，美国经济增速再次下调主要反映投资对增长贡献的下调。数据显示，国内私人投资项下，私人库存变化对该季度经济增速的贡献值从0.28个百分点向下修正为0.14个百分点；固定投资对经济增长的贡献值则被下调0.03个百分点至0.26个百分点。

数据还显示，美国2025年实际国内生产总值增长2.1%，与先前估算持平。

担忧高油价推高通胀 多名美联储官员认为可能有必要升息
美3月新增近18万非农就业 创特朗普二度上任以来最佳表现

美国商务部通常会根据不断完善的信息对季度经济数据进行三次估算。今年一季度美国经济增长首次预估数据将于4月30日公布。

USPS suspends contributions to employee pensions after warning of “cash crisis”

April 9, 2026 10:45 AM EDT / CBS News

By Aimee Picchi
Aimee Picchi is the associate managing editor for CBS MoneyWatch, where she covers business and personal finance. She previously worked at Bloomberg News and has written for national news outlets including USA Today and Consumer Reports.

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The U.S. Postal Service is suspending its contributions to the Federal Employees Retirement System, a pension plan for its workers and other civil servants, as the agency struggles with mounting losses that put it at risk of running out of funds.

“The United States Postal Service is heading toward a cash crisis,” USPS spokesman David Walton said in a statement to CBS News. “The step we are now taking to suspend FERS payments helps conserve cash for our operations and other necessary payments.”

The USPS contributes about $400 million a month to its employee pension plan, the agency said in a statement on Thursday. The postal service said it will continue to send worker contributions to the retirement plan and will also transmit employer automatic and matching contributions, as well as employee contributions to the Thrift Savings Plan, another retirement program for federal workers.

Out of cash in a year

The temporary halt in contributions to the USPS program comes after Postmaster General David Steiner warned Congress last month that the postal agency is heading for a financial crisis without a course correction. Those changes could include raising the cost of a first-class stamp to 95 cents or reducing delivery from its current six days per week schedule to five or fewer, he said.

Without such changes, Steiner said, the USPS could run out of cash within 12 months, which could result in a stoppage of mail delivery.

The USPS has for years struggled with high costs and dwindling mail volume, culminating in a $9 billion loss in 2025. Although the Postal Service has a 10-year plan to reduce expenses and restore profitability, the agency still faces major financial challenges as mail volume continues to decline and delivery costs rise.

On Thursday, USPS Chief Financial Officer Luke Grossmann said in a statement that the risk of “insufficient liquidity for postal operations dramatically outweighs any longer-term risk to the pension funds from not making the currently due payments.”

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Suspending payments to FERS will free up about $2.5 billion in the current fiscal year, the postal agency said.

The USPS said in March that it plans to temporarily hike postage prices to cover mounting fuel costs due to the Iran war. The agency said it will add an 8% surcharge on some postage prices beginning April 26, with those added costs remaining in place through Jan. 17, 2027.

Edited by Alain Sherter