2026年1月31日 / 美国东部时间凌晨12:00 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿 — 周六凌晨12点，国会未能在截止日期前通过六项支出法案，导致多家联邦机构资金到期，引发部分政府停摆。
尽管参议院周五深夜投票批准了一项五法案套餐，并将国土安全部（DHS）的资金延长两周（这是上议院的症结所在），但资金缺口仍然存在。参议院民主党人与白宫达成的协议仍需众议院批准，众议院定于周一返回华盛顿。
以下是关于资金缺口需要了解的内容：
部分政府停摆的原因是什么？
特朗普政府的移民执法政策一直是此次资金斗争的焦点。
自去年秋天美国历史上最长的政府停摆以来，议员们一直在努力通过个人支出法案，为联邦机构提供至2026年9月的资金。国会已通过六项法案，总统已签署其中六项。其余六项是当前资金斗争的焦点。
两党谈判近几周似乎达成了一项协议。拨款委员会于1月20日发布了资金措施文本。其中五项法案被打包成一个整体，而资助国土安全部的法案则被单独列出。众议院民主党人威胁称，如果国土安全部法案被纳入整体资金方案，他们将撤回支持，理由是在明尼阿波利斯一名移民和海关执法局（ICE）官员枪杀Renee Good后，该法案未能足够严格地约束ICE。
上周末，在明尼阿波利斯一名联邦移民官员枪杀Alex Pretti后，这一事件改变了参议院民主党人的计算。他们强烈反对在没有进一步改革的情况下为国土安全部提供资金，参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默宣布，除非剔除国土安全部的资金，否则该党团不会提供支持以推进资金法案。
参议员本周返回华盛顿时仍未找到明确的前进道路。舒默周三概述了民主党人的要求，包括结束移民特工的流动巡逻、禁止使用口罩和收紧搜查令要求。共和党人（其中一些人对明尼阿波利斯事件表示反对）鼓励民主党人将改革要求向特朗普政府提出。
共和党领袖选择按计划对整个资金套餐进行初步投票，但周四投票失败。然而几小时后，参议院民主党人与白宫达成了协议。根据协议，民主党人将支持五个非国土安全部的资金法案，同时将国土安全部的资金维持在当前水平并延长两周，以便继续就更广泛的改革进行谈判。
参议院周五以71票对29票通过了五法案套餐，并以口头表决方式通过了一项继续决议，以维持国土安全部的资金。但这些变化意味着众议院需要签署批准，而下议院要到周一才会返回华盛顿。
哪些机构未获资金支持？
除国土安全部外，其他主要部门及其下属机构的资金也已到期。包括：
- 国防部
- 国务院
- 劳工部
- 卫生与公众服务部
- 教育部
- 交通部
- 住房和城市发展部
- 财政部和美国国税局
此次停摆预计不会影响特朗普政府有争议的移民执法行动。国土安全部在去年的《大美丽法案》中获得了约1650亿美元的资金注入，其中包括750亿美元用于移民和海关执法局（ICE），650亿美元用于海关和边境保护局。这些资金远远超过了这些机构通常获得的年度拨款，意味着它们可以在没有新资金的情况下继续运作。
哪些机构获得了资金支持？
已获参众两院批准的六项拨款法案为以下机构提供资金至9月，因此不受停摆影响：
- 退伍军人事务部
- 农业部
- 食品药品监督管理局
- 立法机构运作
- 商务部
- 司法部
- 国家航空航天局
- 国家科学基金会
- 能源部
- 内政部
- 环境保护署
政府为何会停摆？
一项名为《反亏空法》的法律禁止联邦机构支出未经国会授权的资金。当国会未能为每年由十几项拨款法案资助的部分或所有机构通过资金时，就会发生政府停摆。
12项法案需要在新财年10月1日开始前由国会通过，尽管议员们经常等到最后一刻才将它们打包成更大的套餐以加快进程。临时按当前水平延长资金也已成为常态，以争取更多时间进行全年措施的谈判。
去年，截止日期过后，没有任何法案生效，也没有达成短期延长协议。随后的停摆持续了43天。
停摆期间会发生什么？
在停摆期间，没有新的或临时资金的部门和机构必须停止所有非必要职能，直到通过额外拨款。
每个机构自行决定哪些工作是必要的，哪些不是。执行必要职责的员工在停摆期间无薪工作，但在政府重新开放后将获得欠薪补偿。非必要职位的员工通常会被休假，但在其机构资金恢复后也有望获得欠薪补偿。
实施停摆的流程通常在周末开始的下一个工作周初启动。目前的资金缺口不太可能对受影响机构的运作产生重大影响，因为众议院预计很快会批准修订后的资金法案。
任何停摆的主要痛点在于必要员工必须继续工作却无法获得报酬。去年停摆期间，政府使用其他资金支付军人，以减轻他们的经济困难。空中交通管制员和机场安全人员是必要员工，人员配置问题开始严重影响旅行。航班取消和延误，美国运输部因安全考虑削减航班。一些空中交通员工表示，他们不得不从事其他工作以维持生计。
停摆将持续多久？
根据众议院的动向，停摆可能会相对迅速结束。
一些保守派表示，他们希望对国土安全部法案进行修改或对更广泛的资金方案提出修正案，但如果总统向任何持异议者施压以支持资金法案，他们可能会退缩。
共和党人在众议院的多数优势极为微弱，如果强硬派坚持要求，民主党人可能会介入帮助推进法案通过。
接下来会发生什么？
众议院规则委员会可能会在周末召开会议，之后全委会于周一返回。该委员会通常是法案在提交众议院之前的最后一站。如果该法案在规则委员会获得通过，下一步将是对规则进行程序性投票，这通常由多数党以党派投票方式批准。但几名保守派已经警告，如果他们的要求未得到满足，他们可能会撤回支持。
规则委员会的路线允许法案在众议院以简单多数通过。如果资金法案在委员会受阻或无法通过程序性投票，众议院议长迈克·约翰逊可能会以暂停规则的方式将其提交，这需要三分之二多数票才能通过。
在众议院通过后，总统预计将迅速签署资金法案成为法律，从而结束资金缺口。
What to know about the partial government shutdown as funding lapses for many agencies
January 31, 2026 / 12:00 AM EST / CBS News
Washington — Funding for many federal agencies expired at 12 a.m. on Saturday after Congress failed to pass half a dozen spending bills before the deadline, prompting a partial government shutdown.
The funding lapse comes despite the Senate voting late Friday to approve a five-bill package and extend funding for the Department of Homeland Security for two weeks, which had been the sticking point in the upper chamber. The deal struck between Senate Democrats and the White House still needs to be approved by the House, which is set to return to Washington on Monday.
Here’s what to know about the funding lapse:
What’s behind the partial government shutdown?
The Trump administration’s approach to immigration enforcement has been the focus of this funding fight.
Since the longest shutdown in U.S. history last fall, lawmakers have been working to pass individual spending bills to fund federal agencies through September 2026. Congress has passed, and the president has signed, six of those bills already. The other six are the focus of the current funding fight.
Bipartisan talks appeared to have yielded a deal in recent weeks. Appropriators released the text of the funding measures on Jan. 20. Five of the bills were grouped together into one package, while the bill funding DHS was separated. House Democrats had threatened to withhold their support for the overall funding if the DHS bill was included, arguing it did not go far enough to rein in ICE after the deadly shooting of Renee Good by an ICE officer in Minneapolis.
The DHS portion passed with support from just seven Democrats when the House voted last week, while the larger funding package passed with wide bipartisan support. The House then grouped the bills together to send them to the Senate, a move that was meant to clear the way for swift passage.
But the deadly shooting of Alex Pretti by federal immigration agents in Minneapolis last weekend changed the calculus for Senate Democrats. They came out fiercely against funding for DHS without further reforms, and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer announced that the caucus would not provide the votes to move forward on the funding package unless the DHS money was stripped out.
Senators returned to Washington this week without a clear path forward. Schumer outlined Democrats’ demands on Wednesday, including the end of roving patrols by immigration agents, banning the use of masks and tightening warrant requirements. Republicans — some of whom spoke out against the events in Minneapolis — encouraged Democrats to take their requests for reforms to the Trump administration.
GOP leaders opted to hold an initial vote on the entire funding package as planned, which failed on Thursday. But hours later, Senate Democrats struck a deal with the White House. Under the terms, Democrats would support the five non-DHS funding bills, while extending funding for DHS at current levels for two weeks while talks over broader reforms continue.
The Senate voted 71 to 29 on Friday to approve the five-bill package, and cleared a continuing resolution to keep DHS funded by voice vote. But the changes mean the House will need to sign off, and the lower chamber isn’t set to return to Washington until Monday.
Which agencies are not funded?
In addition to DHS, funding for other major departments and their subagencies has lapsed. They include:
- Defense Department
- State Department
- Department of Labor
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Department of Education
- Department of Transportation
- Department of Housing and Urban Development
- Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service.
The shutdown is not expected to affect the Trump administration’s controversial immigration enforcement campaign. DHS received an infusion of roughly $165 billion in last year’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act, including $75 billion for Immigration and Customs Enforcement and $65 billion for Customs and Border Protection. The funding goes well beyond the annual allotments that the agencies typically receive and means they can continue operations without new money.
Which agencies are funded?
The six appropriations bills that have already been approved by both chambers fund the following agencies through September, meaning they are not affected by a shutdown:
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Department of Agriculture
- Food and Drug Administration
- Operations for the legislative branch
- Department of Commerce
- Justice Department
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Science Foundation
- Department of Energy
- Department of the Interior
- Environmental Protection Agency
Why does the government shut down?
A law known as the Antideficiency Act prohibits federal agencies from spending funds that have not been authorized by Congress. A government shutdown occurs when Congress fails to pass funding for some or all agencies, which are funded annually by a dozen appropriations bills.
The 12 bills need to be passed by Congress before the start of the new fiscal year on Oct. 1, though lawmakers often wait until the last minute and group them together into larger packages to speed up the process. Temporarily extending funding at current levels has also become commonplace to buy more time as negotiations for full-year measures continue.
Last year, the deadline passed without any of the bills enacted and without an agreement on a short-term extension. The ensuing shutdown lasted for 43 days.
What happens during a shutdown?
During a shutdown, the departments and agencies that don’t have new or temporary funding must stop all nonessential functions until additional appropriations are enacted.
Each agency determines what work is essential or not. Employees who perform essential duties work without pay for the duration of the shutdown, but will receive backpay once the government reopens. Employees in nonessential positions are typically furloughed, but are also expected to receive backpay when funding for their agencies is restored.
The process for implementing a shutdown typically begins at the beginning of the next workweek if the funding lapse begins over the weekend. The current funding lapse is unlikely to have a substantial impact on the affected agencies’ operations, since the House is expected to approve the revised funding bills soon.
The major pain points in any shutdown emerge when essential workers must continue to work without getting paid. During the shutdown last year, the administration used other funds to pay members of the military to ease their financial hardship. Air traffic controllers and airport security are essential employees, and staffing issues began to have a severe impact on travel. There were cancellations and delays, with the Department of Transportation cutting flights due to safety concerns. Some air traffic employees said they had to take on other jobs to make ends meet.
How long will the shutdown last?
It has the potential to be over relatively quickly, depending on what happens in the House.
Some conservatives have said they want changes to the DHS bill or amendments to the broader package, but could back down if the president increases pressure on any holdouts to support the funding measure.
Republicans are dealing with a razor-thin majority in the House, and Democrats could decide to step in to help propel it to final passage if hardliners dig in on their demands.
What happens next?
The House Rules Committee could convene this weekend before the full chamber returns Monday. The committee is often the last stop for legislation before it hits the House floor. If the package survives the Rules Committee, one of the next steps is a procedural vote on the rule, which is typically approved by the majority in a party-line vote. But several conservatives have already warned that they could withhold their votes if their demands aren’t met.
The Rules Committee route allows legislation to pass by a simple majority on the floor. If the funding gets stuck in the committee or is unable to clear the procedural vote, House Speaker Mike Johnson could bring it up under suspension of the rules, which would require a two-thirds majority vote for passage.
After passage in the House, the president would be expected to quickly sign the funding measures into law, bringing the funding lapse to an end.
