更新于：2026年3月2日 / 美国东部时间下午2:19 / CBS新闻
最新数据显示，美国劳动力市场员工离职率处于历史低位，更多员工选择坚守岗位。
劳动力市场分析机构ADP Research的数据显示，员工离职或被裁员的比例异常低。以员工流动率衡量，所谓的工作”黏性”达到多年高位，许多员工在重大经济不确定性中选择稳扎稳打。ADP发现，1月份的工作流动率降至9年低点，为5.8%。
“这对劳动力市场意味着，目前员工和雇主正携手共存。”ADP首席经济学家内拉·理查森在近期报告中表示。
紧紧相拥
这种有时被称为”工作拥抱”的动态现象，目前在金融、信息技术和专业商业服务领域的白领员工中最为明显。这些行业也是受人工智能驱动的招聘变化影响最大的领域，多家大公司将近期裁员归因于AI。
“这些行业最近成为头条新闻，因为人工智能的进步既增加了就业需求（例如对开发者的需求），也减少了某些岗位（通过自动化任务）。”理查森写道。
与此相关的是，对日益先进的AI工具可能取代白领员工的担忧，正促使一些年轻求职者重新关注蓝领职业。
为何更多员工选择留守
理查森表示，当前劳动力市场的相对疲软状态，反映了疫情的余波——当时强劲的招聘紧随大幅就业流失而来。
这一趋势也与疫情期间非正式称为”大辞职潮”的时期形成鲜明对比，当时员工辞职率创历史新高，职位空缺激增。
“这种经历催生了更谨慎的雇佣和解雇策略，雇主两者都做得更少。对于员工而言，’大辞职潮’时期竞争激烈的劳动力市场带来了更高薪水和更好福利，而现在已被稳定但相对疲软的就业环境所取代。”理查森说。
轶事证据表明，一些员工之所以坚守岗位，是因为AI正在吞噬他们曾经可能追求的工作类型。
AI影响
在无线运营商US Mobile工作的全栈Web开发人员拉杜阿内·基里（Radouane Khiri）表示，他的行业经验使他能够利用AI编码工具提高工作效率，他的工作涉及编写新的网络功能代码。
“你需要知道自己在做什么，AI才能做好工作，因为你需要给它具体的提示。”他说，”如果你不是专业人士，它就不会按照你的意愿工作。但我把它当作初级程序员来使用。”
不过，基里指出，他的公司招聘的初级开发人员比过去少了。
“现在AI可以在更短时间内完成过去需要一周才能完成的小任务。”他告诉CBS新闻，”我认为自从AI接管后，初创公司招聘的初级开发人员非常少，尤其是刚毕业的大学生。”
随着时间推移，大多数专家的传统观点认为，AI将像过去的重大技术变革一样，促进创新并刺激就业创造。
“美国经济每年创造超过3000万新的就业岗位，技术变革是长期就业增长的主要驱动力。”高盛全球经济学家约瑟夫·布里格斯在近期报告中表示，”我们预计这些动态将重演，AI将创造新岗位同时淘汰旧岗位。因此，我们不认为会出现就业末日。”
编辑：阿隆·谢特（Alain Sherter）
More U.S. employees are hugging tight to their jobs. Here’s why.
Updated on: March 2, 2026 / 2:19 PM EST / CBS News
Employees in the U.S are clinging to their jobs in a labor market characterized by historically low rates of worker turnover, recent data shows.
Data from ADP Research, a provider of labor market analysis, shows that workers are leaving their jobs either through quitting or layoffs at an unusually low rate. Measured by the rate of employee turnover, so-called job “stickiness” is at a multi-year high as many workers hunker down amid significant economic uncertainty. The pace of job turnover hit a nine-year low in January, at 5.8%, ADP found.
“What this means for the labor market is that workers and employers, for now, are sticking together,” ADP chief economist Nela Richardson said in a recent report.
Hug it out
This dynamic, sometimes referred to as “job hugging,” is currently most visible among white-collar workers in finance, information technology and professional business services. These are also among the industries that are most exposed to AI-driven changes in hiring, with a number of large companies attributing recent job cuts to AI.
“These sectors have made headlines recently as advances in artificial intelligence both augment employment (through demand for developers, for example) and curtail it (by automating tasks),” Richardson wrote.
Relatedly, fears that increasingly advanced AI tools could displace white-collar employees are driving renewed interest in blue-collar careers among some young job-seekers.
Why more workers are staying put
According to Richardson, the relatively sluggish state of the current labor market reflects a hangover from the pandemic, when robust hiring followed dramatic employment losses.
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The current trend also reflects a stark contrast to the period during the pandemic known informally as the “Great Resignation,” when employees quit at record rates and job listings soared.
“That experience has yielded to a more cautious approach to both hiring and firings, with employers doing less of both. For workers, the hyper-competitive labor market of the Great Resignation, which generated larger salaries and improved benefits, has been replaced by a stable, but softer employment environment,” Richard said.
Anecdotal evidence suggests some workers are hunkering down in their jobs because AI is gobbling up the kinds of roles they would have once pursued.
AI effect
Radouane Khiri, a full-stack web developer who works at wireless carrier US Mobile, said his industry experience has allowed him to use AI coding tools to become more efficient at his job, which involves writing code for new web features.
“You need to know what you’re doing in order for the AI to do a good job, because you need to give it specific prompts,” he said. “If you’re not a professional, it won’t do what you want it to. But I use it like a junior coder.”
Still, Khiri noted that his company is hiring fewer entry-level developers than in the past.
“Now AI can do those small tasks that used to take a week in a much shorter period of time,” he told CBS News. “I think since AI took over, startups are hiring very few junior developers, especially right out of college.”
Over time, the conventional wisdom among most experts is that AI will foster innovation and spur job creation, as past major technological shifts have tended to do.
“The U.S. economy creates more than 30 [million[ gross new jobs per year, and technological change is the main driver of long-run employment growth,” Joseph Briggs, global economist at Goldman Sachs, said in a recent report. “We expect that these dynamics will repeat and AI will create new jobs while it destroys others. We therefore do not anticipate a job apocalypse.”
Edited by Alain Sherter
