更新于：2026年3月26日 / 美国东部时间上午11:10 / 美联社
周四，国际奥委会（IOC）通过了一项新的参赛资格政策，将在2028年洛杉矶奥运会前与特朗普总统的体育行政命令保持一致，决定将跨性别女性运动员排除在奥运会女子项目之外。
国际奥委会表示：”奥运会或任何其他国际奥委会赛事（包括个人和团体项目）中，任何女子类别赛事的参赛资格仅限于生物学女性，运动员职业生涯中需进行一次强制性基因检测以确定性别。”
目前尚不清楚有多少跨性别女性正在奥运级别赛事中参赛。2024年巴黎夏季奥运会上没有出生时为男性的女性运动员参赛，尽管举重选手劳雷尔·哈伯德在2021年东京奥运会参加过比赛但未获奖牌。
将于2028年7月洛杉矶奥运会开始实施的这项资格政策”保护女子类别赛事的公平性、安全性和完整性”，国际奥委会称。
国际奥委会强调：”该政策不具有追溯效力，不适用于任何基层或娱乐体育项目。”奥林匹克宪章中规定参加体育运动是一项人权。
在执行委员会会议后，国际奥委会发布了一份10页的政策文件，其中也限制了具有性发育差异（DSD）等医学状况的女性运动员（如两届奥运冠军短跑选手卡斯蒂·塞门亚）的参赛资格。
作为国际奥委会132年历史上首位女性领导人，科斯蒂·考文垂自去年6月上任以来，已将”保护女子类别赛事”作为其首要重大决策之一。
2024年巴黎奥运会前，田径、游泳和自行车三个顶级体育项目已排除经历过男性青春期的跨性别女性。塞门亚出生时被认定为女性，但其体内睾酮水平偏高，她在欧洲人权法院的长期法律诉讼中虽获胜，但未推翻国际田联的相关规定。
国际奥委会文件详细阐述其研究结论：出生时为男性会带来身体优势，且专家工作组认为这些优势会持续存在。
文件指出：”男性经历三个显著的睾酮峰值：胎儿期、婴儿期的小青春期，以及从青春期开始到成年期的持续分泌。”
这给男性在”依赖力量、爆发力和/或耐力”的运动项目中带来”基于性别的个体表现优势”。
国际奥委会专家小组一致认为，当前的基因检测是”目前可用的最准确且侵入性最小的方法”，可筛查”SRY基因（Y染色体上的一段DNA，在胎儿期启动男性性发育并指示睾丸存在）”。
尽管国际田联、滑雪和拳击管理机构已在实施强制性别筛查，但此举可能遭到人权专家和活动团体的批评。
世界拳击管理机构上周表示，在巴黎性别争议中心的两名女子拳击金牌得主之一、台湾选手林郁婷已通过基因检测，可重返赛场。
在美国，特朗普总统于去年2月签署了《禁止男性参与女子体育》行政命令，承诺拒绝向某些试图参加洛杉矶奥运会的运动员发放签证，并威胁”削减所有允许跨性别运动员参与女子体育的组织的资金”。
此后数月内，美国奥委会更新了对国家体育机构的指导方针，以遵守白宫的要求。
图片说明： 2025年9月19日，意大利米兰，国际奥委会主席科斯蒂·考文垂在访问奥运村和场馆后与执行委员会成员举行最后一次新闻发布会。安东尼奥·卡拉尼 / 美联社
Transgender women athletes banned from women’s Olympic events by new IOC policy
Updated on: March 26, 2026 / 11:10 AM EDT / AP
Transgender women athletes are now excluded from women’s events at the Olympics after the IOC agreed to a new eligibility policy on Thursday which aligns with President Trump’s executive order on sports ahead of the 2028 Los Angeles Games.
“Eligibility for any female category event at the Olympic Games or any other IOC event, including individual and team sports, is now limited to biological females,” the International Olympic Committee said, to be determined by a mandatory gene test once in an athlete’s career.
It is unclear how many, if any, transgender women are competing at an Olympic level. No woman who transitioned from being born male competed at the 2024 Paris Summer Games, though weightlifter Laurel Hubbard did at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 without winning a medal.
The eligibility policy that will apply from the LA Olympics in July 2028 “protects fairness, safety and integrity in the female category,” the IOC said.
“It is not retroactive and does not apply to any grassroots or recreational sports programs,” said the IOC, whose Olympic Charter states that access to play sport is a human right.
After an executive board meeting, the International Olympic Committee published a 10-page policy document which also restricts female athletes such as two-time Olympic champion runner Caster Semenya with medical conditions known as differences in sex development, or DSD.
The IOC and its president, Kirsty Coventry, have wanted a clear policy instead of continuing to advise sports’ governing bodies who previously have drafted their own rules.
“At the Olympic Games, even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat,” Coventry, a two-time Olympic gold medalist in swimming, said in a statement. “So, it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category.”
IOC President Kirsty Coventry attends a final press conference with Executive Board members after visiting Olympic and Paralympic Village and various venues in Milan, Italy, Friday, Sept. 19, 2025. Antonio Calanni / AP
She set up a review of “protecting the female category” as one of her first big decisions last June as the first woman to lead the Olympic body in its 132-year history.
Female eligibility was a strong theme in a seven-candidate IOC election last year — held after a furor around women’s boxing in Paris — when Coventry’s main rivals pledged a stronger policy to leading on the issue.
Before the 2024 Paris Olympics, three top-tier sports — track and field, swimming and cycling — excluded transgender women who had been through male puberty. Semenya, who was assigned female at birth in South Africa and has high natural testosterone levels, won a European Court of Human Rights judgment in her years-long legal challenge to track and field’s rules which did not overturn them.
The IOC document details its research that being born male gives physical advantages that a working group of experts believes are retained.
“Males experience three significant testosterone peaks: In utero, in mini-puberty of infancy and beginning in adolescent puberty through adulthood,” the document said.
It added this gives males “individual sex-based performance advantages in sports and events that rely on strength, power and/or endurance.”
The IOC said its expert group agreed the current gene test is “the most accurate and least intrusive method currently available.” It screened for “the SRY gene, a segment of DNA typically found on the Y chromosome that initiates male sex development in utero and indicates the presence of testes/testicles.”
Still, the mandatory gender screening — already conducted by the governing bodies of track and field, skiing and boxing — is likely to be criticized by human rights experts and activist groups.
One of the two women’s boxing gold medalists at the center of the gender controversy in Paris, Lin Yu-ting of Taiwan, has passed her gene test and can return to competition, the World Boxing governing body said last week.
In the U.S., President Trump signed the executive order “Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports” in February last year, and pledged to deny visas to some athletes attempting to compete at the L.A Olympics. The order also threatened to “rescind all funds” from organizations that allowed transgender athletes to take part in women’s sports.
Within months, the U.S. Olympic body updated its guidance to national sports bodies citing an obligation to comply with the White House.
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