2026年3月18日 13:54 UTC / 路透社
洛杉矶长滩港（美国加利福尼亚州）的一个码头堆放着集装箱，摄于2026年3月10日。路透社/Caroline Brehman 购买使用许可，新标签页打开
华盛顿，3月18日（路透社） – 特朗普政府周三宣布，将豁免《琼斯法案》航运法60天，临时允许悬挂外国国旗的船只在美国港口之间运输燃料、化肥和其他货物。此前，由于伊朗内外持续冲突导致能源和农产品价格飙升，供应链面临压力。
白宫女发言人卡罗琳·利维特表示，这项豁免标志着”缓解石油市场短期混乱的又一步，因为美军继续实现’史诗狂怒行动’的目标。”
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这项豁免是对这项百年法律的罕见例外，凸显了政府对危机的紧急应对——该危机已导致汽油价格大幅上涨，并扰乱了美国农民所需的关键化肥供应。
放宽《琼斯法案》限制，可使沿海炼油厂和燃料分销商获得更多船只（包括悬挂外国国旗的船只），以在港口之间运输汽油、柴油和其他石油产品。
尽管分析师警告此举不太可能显著降低加油站价格，但这标志着特朗普的务实转变——他长期以来一直支持美国造船业和海事工会，而这两者都是《琼斯法案》的关键支持者。
高能源价格给特朗普和共和党参议员带来了重大政治风险，他们长期以来一直声称，自己的政策会让美国消费者负担得起燃料费用。
自2月28日美国和以色列对伊朗发动攻击以来，美国汽油价格飙升，因为冲突实际上关闭了霍尔木兹海峡——这是全球约五分之一石油和液化天然气供应的出口通道。
冲突还扰乱了化肥供应，这对美国农业利益构成重大关切。
根据《琼斯法案》，在美国港口之间运输的货物必须由美国建造、悬挂美国国旗且大部分为美国拥有的船只承运。
这项规定大幅限制了国内运输可用油轮的数量，但得到了海事行业工会的支持。
政府的豁免是应对伊朗冲突经济影响的多项紧急措施之一，包括释放战略石油储备和调整制裁政策。华盛顿正寻求在国内政治压力前稳定市场。
贾勒特·伦肖、格雷姆·斯莱特里和乔纳森·索尔报道，理查德·瓦尔兹曼尼斯和野山千津编辑
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US waives shipping regulation to ease fuel, fertilizer deliveries
March 18, 2026 1:54 PM UTC / Reuters
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Shipping containers are stacked at a terminal at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, California, U.S., March 10, 2026. REUTERS/Caroline Brehman Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
WASHINGTON, March 18 (Reuters) – The Trump administration on Wednesday announced a 60-day waiver of the Jones Act shipping law, temporarily allowing foreign-flagged vessels to move fuel, fertilizer and other goods between U.S. ports as soaring energy and agricultural prices strain supply chains amid the ongoing conflict in and around Iran.
White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt said the waiver represents “another step to mitigate the short-term disruptions to the oil market as the U.S. military continues meeting the objectives of Operation Epic Fury.”
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The waiver, a rare exception to the century-old law, underscores the administration’s urgent response to a crisis that has sent gasoline prices sharply higher and disrupted critical fertilizer supplies for U.S. farmers.
Relaxing the Jones Act allows coastal refiners and fuel distributors to access a larger pool of ships, including foreign-flagged vessels, to move gasoline, diesel and other petroleum products between ports.
While analysts caution the move is unlikely to significantly lower pump prices, it signals a pragmatic shift by Trump, who has long championed U.S. shipbuilding and maritime labor unions, key supporters of the Jones Act.
High energy prices carry significant political risks for Trump and fellow Republicans, who have long argued that their policies would keep fuel affordable for American consumers.
U.S. gasoline prices have surged since the start of U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran on February 28 as the conflict effectively closes the Strait of Hormuz, the outlet for around a fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas supplies.
The conflict has also disrupted fertilizer supplies, which is a major concern for U.S. agricultural interests.
Under the Jones Act, goods shipped between U.S. ports must be carried on vessels that are U.S.-built, U.S.-flagged and mostly U.S.-owned.
The requirement sharply limits the number of tankers available for domestic shipments, but is supported by maritime industry unions.
The administration’s waiver is one of several emergency measures being employed to counter the economic fallout from the Iran conflict, including releases from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and adjustments to sanctions policy, as Washington seeks to stabilize markets ahead of domestic political pressures.
Reporting by Jarrett Renshaw, Gram Slattery and Jonathan Saul, editing by Richard Valdmanis and Chizu Nomiyama
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