2026年3月9日 美国东部时间晚上8:23 / 路透社
摘要
- 签证禁令：针对研究在线虚假信息的人士
- 美国方面说辞：称此举旨在打击对保守派言论的审查
- 倡导团体：在华盛顿特区提起诉讼
3月9日（路透社）- 一群技术研究人员于周一提起诉讼，指控美国唐纳德·特朗普总统政府制定了一项违宪政策，针对在社交媒体上研究虚假信息和仇恨言论的外国公民，对其拒绝签发签证并将其驱逐出境。
总部位于旧金山的独立技术研究联盟在华盛顿联邦法院提起的诉讼中辩称，政府的政策非法阻碍了在美国的非公民研究人员开展工作。
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该团体表示，美国国务院声称正在打击特朗普盟友所谓的社交媒体上影响保守派言论的在线审查行为，实际上却在开展一场“厚颜无耻且影响深远的审查运动”，针对研究人员和反虚假信息倡导者。
诉讼请求法官依据违反美国宪法第一修正案关于言论自由的保护、第五修正案正当程序的承诺以及《行政程序法》的规定，阻止该政策实施。
“特朗普政府正利用拘留和驱逐的威胁来压制其不喜欢的言论，”哥伦比亚大学奈特第一修正案研究所该联盟的律师卡里·德塞尔在一份声明中表示。
国务院发言人在一份声明中称，美国“没有义务接纳或容忍那些颠覆我国法律、剥夺我国公民宪法权利的人”。
政府将言论自由，尤其是它认为对在线保守派声音的压制，作为其外交政策的重点，包括在巴西和欧洲的行动。
今年5月，国务卿马尔科·卢比奥宣布对“与审查美国人有关联”的外国公民实施签证禁令。卢比奥称，一些外国官员在“无权这样做的情况下，对美国科技公司和美国公民及居民采取了公然的审查行动”。
去年12月，国务院对五名欧洲人实施了签证禁令，其中包括一名前欧盟专员和反虚假信息活动人士，卢比奥称他们是“全球审查工业复合体的主要人物”。
欧盟科技监管机构当月对埃隆·马斯克旗下社交媒体公司X处以1.2亿欧元（约合1.4亿美元）罚款，这是欧盟具有里程碑意义的《数字服务法》实施以来的首次制裁，该法旨在打击仇恨言论、错误信息和虚假信息。
签证禁令涉及的五人包括总部位于美国的反数字仇恨中心（Center for Countering Digital Hate）英国籍首席执行官伊姆兰·艾哈迈德，以及全球虚假信息指数（Global Disinformation Index）联合创始人克莱尔·梅尔福德。诉讼称，他们的组织均为独立技术研究联盟成员。
波士顿报道：内特·雷蒙德；补充报道：胡梅拉·帕穆克；编辑：威尔·邓纳姆
我们的标准：汤森路透信任原则。
Lawsuit challenges US policy barring visas for social media researchers
March 9, 2026 8:23 PM UTC / Reuters
Summary
- Visa ban targets figures studying online disinformation
- US says it fights censorship of conservative speech
- Advocacy group files its suit in Washington, D.C.
March 9 (Reuters) – A group of technology researchers filed a lawsuit on Monday alleging that U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration has adopted an unconstitutional policy that targets foreign nationals who study disinformation and hate speech on social media for visa denials and deportation.
The San Francisco-based Coalition for Independent Technology Research in a lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington argues that the administration’s policy unlawfully chills the work of non-citizen researchers in the United States.
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The group said the U.S. State Department, while claiming it is fighting online censorship that Trump’s allies have argued has affected conservative speech on social media, is engaged in a “brazen and far-reaching campaign of censorship” targeting researchers and anti-disinformation advocates.
The lawsuit asks a judge to block the policy on the grounds that it violates the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment protections for free speech, Fifth Amendment promise of due process as well as requirements under a federal law called the Administrative Procedure Act.
“The Trump administration is using the threat of detention and deportation to suppress speech it disfavors,” Carrie DeCell, a lawyer for the coalition at the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, said in a statement.
A State Department spokesperson said in a statement that the United States “is under no obligation to admit or suffer the presence of individuals who subvert our laws and deny our citizens their constitutional rights.”
The administration has made free speech, particularly what it sees as the stifling of conservative voices online, a focus of its foreign policy, including in Brazil and in Europe.
In May, Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced a visa ban on foreign nationals “complicit in censoring Americans.” Rubio said some foreign officials have engaged in “flagrant censorship actions against U.S. tech companies and U.S. citizens and residents when they have no authority to do so.”
In December, the State Department imposed visa bans on five Europeans, including a former European Union commissioner and anti-disinformation activists who Rubio called “leading figures of the global censorship-industrial complex.”
The department did so after EU tech regulators that month fined Elon Musk’s social media company X 120 million euros ($140 million) in the first sanction imposed under the EU’s landmark Digital Services Act, which is intended to combat hateful speech, misinformation and disinformation.
Among the five hit by the visa ban were Imran Ahmed, the British CEO of the U.S.-based Center for Countering Digital Hate, and Clare Melford, co-founder of the Global Disinformation Index. Their groups are members of the Coalition for Independent Technology Research, the lawsuit said.
Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; Additional reporting by Humeyra Pamuk; Editing by Will Dunham
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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