2026年3月5日 下午6:46 UTC / 路透社 / 泰德·赫森报道
- 摘要
- 诺姆推行强硬移民言论和行动
- 人事变动或改变特朗普的移民策略
- 批评者指责诺姆针对非犯罪移民
华盛顿,3月5日(路透社)- 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周四表示,负责监督其移民打击行动的高层官员之一、美国国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆将卸任,这一人事变动引发了人们对这位共和党总统移民议程走向的质疑。
“我很高兴地宣布,来自俄克拉荷马州的备受尊敬的美国参议员马克韦恩·穆林,将于2026年3月31日起担任美国国土安全部部长。”特朗普在Truth Social上写道。
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特朗普称,诺姆将担任“美洲之盾特别特使”。
南达科他州前州长诺姆成为特朗普最引人注目的内阁成员之一,她在社交媒体上以严厉措辞描述移民,突出所谓犯罪者案例,并使用尖酸刻薄的语言。
今年1月,两名被联邦移民局人员在明尼阿波利斯击毙的美国公民被诺姆迅速定性为“国内恐怖分子”,她因此面临批评。死亡事件后公布的视频削弱了诺姆和其他特朗普官员关于两名死者——雷妮·古德和亚历克斯·普雷蒂——是暴力袭击者的说法。
公众对死亡事件的强烈反对促使特朗普政府在明尼苏达州采取更有针对性的移民执法方式,此前数月针对美国城市的大规模扫荡行动引发了与反对打击行动居民的暴力冲突。
美国众议院民主党人发起对诺姆的弹劾,国会至少两名共和党人在事件后呼吁解雇她。3月国会听证会上,民主党人和一些共和党人批评诺姆的移民打击方式和国土安全部管理,包括对一个耗资2.2亿美元、大量使用诺姆形象的广告宣传活动的担忧。
人事变动引发疑问:特朗普政府是会加强大规模驱逐行动,还是会转向更有针对性的策略。在诺姆领导下,蒙面移民局人员涌入洛杉矶、芝加哥和华盛顿特区,搜查社区和家得宝停车场寻找可能的移民违法者。
特朗普移民政策的支持率下降,因为移民局拘留美国公民并向街道发射催泪瓦斯以增加驱逐人数,但去年的驱逐人数未达到政府每年100万的目标。
坚决拥护特朗普的强硬移民政策
54岁的诺姆是特朗普议程的重要支持者,但白宫办公厅副主任斯蒂芬·米勒(长期特朗普助手)掌控着特朗普的移民政策。
诺姆在2025年1月特朗普上任后迅速被确认领导这个拥有26万名员工的国土安全部。在社交媒体上,她将有犯罪记录的移民称为“人渣”,而在特朗普任内,移民部门逮捕的非犯罪移民数量却上升。
她参与纽约市的移民执法行动,并访问了萨尔瓦多一所最高安全级别的监狱,那里关押着被特朗普政府驱逐的委内瑞拉移民,他们未被指控且无法获得律师帮助。
在特朗普限制性政策下,试图非法越境的移民人数大幅下降,这与前民主党总统拜登任内的非法移民高水位形成对比。
反映特朗普议程的诺姆还采取措施削减合法移民项目并加强审查。她终止了几个为数十万来自委内瑞拉、海地和其他国家移民提供工作许可的临时保护身份项目,此举遭到法律挑战。
一名阿富汗移民被指控在华盛顿特区袭击国民警卫队成员后,诺姆表示她建议特朗普“对所有向我们国家涌入杀手、寄生虫和特权瘾君子的国家实施全面旅行禁令。”
批评者称,诺姆妖魔化移民,并推行针对非犯罪工作移民和家庭的移民执法策略。
在诺姆任期内,移民拘留中心死亡人数升至20年来最高,国土安全部监督办公室人员被大幅削减。
泰德·赫森报道;克雷格·廷伯格、尼亚·威廉姆斯和迪帕·巴宾顿编辑
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Trump taps US Senator Mullin to replace Noem as DHS chief
March 5, 2026 6:46 PM UTC / Reuters / By Ted Hesson
- Summary
- Noem embraced harsh immigration rhetoric and actions
- Staffing change may alter Trump’s immigration strategy
- Critics accuse Noem of targeting non-criminal immigrants
WASHINGTON, March 5 (Reuters) – One of the top officials overseeing President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, will leave her role, U.S. President Donald Trump said on Thursday, a major staffing move that raises questions about the direction of the Republican president’s immigration agenda.
“I am pleased to announce that the Highly Respected United States Senator from the Great State of Oklahoma, Markwayne Mullin, will become the United States Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS), effective March 31, 2026,” Trump wrote on Truth Social.
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Noem will serve as “Special envoy for The Shield of the Americas,” Trump said.
Noem, a former governor of South Dakota, became one of Trump’s most high-profile Cabinet secretaries with social media posts that portrayed immigrants in harsh terms, highlighting cases of alleged criminal offenders and using vitriolic language.
She faced criticism in January when she quickly labeled two U.S. citizens fatally shot by federal immigration agents in Minneapolis as committing “domestic terrorism.” Videos that emerged after the deaths undercut the assertion by Noem and other Trump officials that the two deceased – Renee Good and Alex Pretti – were violent aggressors.
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The public backlash for deaths led the Trump administration to move to a more targeted approach to immigration enforcement in Minnesota after months of sweeps through U.S. cities that led to violent clashes with residents opposing the crackdown.
Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives moved to impeach Noem and at least two Republicans in Congress called for her to lose her job after the incidents. During congressional hearings in March, Democrats and some Republicans criticized Noem for her approach to the immigration crackdown and management of DHS, including concern over a $220 million ad campaign that heavily featured Noem.
The staffing change raises questions about whether the Trump administration could seek to intensify its mass deportation push or retreat to a more targeted approach. Under Noem’s leadership, masked immigration agents surged into Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington, D.C., scouring neighborhoods and Home Depot parking lots in search of possible immigration offenders.
The popularity of Trump’s immigration approach fell as agents detained U.S. citizens and tear-gassed streets in an attempt to drive up deportations, which last year fell short of the administration’s goal of 1 million per year.
STRONG EMBRACE OF TRUMP’S HARDLINE IMMIGRATION APPROACH
While Noem, 54, served as a prominent proponent of Trump’s agenda, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller, a long-time Trump aide, controls Trump’s immigration policy.
Noem was quickly confirmed to lead the 260,000-employee Department of Homeland Security in January 2025 after Trump took office. On social media, she referred to immigrants convicted of crimes as “scumbags” even as the number of non-criminals arrested by immigration authorities rose under Trump.
She joined immigration enforcement operations on the ground in New York City and visited a maximum-security prison in El Salvador where Venezuelan immigrants deported by the Trump administration were being held without charges or access to lawyers.
The number of migrants caught trying to illegally cross the U.S.-Mexico border plummeted under Trump’s restrictive policies, a steep drop after high levels of illegal immigration under former President Joe Biden, a Democrat.
Noem, reflecting Trump’s agenda, also took steps to cut legal immigration programs and increase vetting. She ended several Temporary Protected Status programs that provided work permits to hundreds of thousands of immigrants from Venezuela, Haiti and other nations, drawing legal challenges.
After an Afghan immigrant was accused of attacking National Guard members in Washington, D.C., Noem said she recommended that Trump place “a full travel ban on every damn country that’s been flooding our nation with killers, leeches, and entitlement junkies.”
Critics said Noem demonized immigrants and promoted an immigration enforcement strategy that targeted non-criminal, working immigrants and families.
During Noem’s tenure, the number of deaths in immigration detention rose to a two-decade high while staff in DHS oversight offices were slashed sharply.
Reporting by Ted Hesson; Editing by Craig Timberg, Nia Williams and Deepa Babington
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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