2026-07-15 上午10:07 UTC / 路透社
作者：艾哈迈德·阿布勒恩因
2026年7月15日 上午10:07 UTC 更新于1小时前
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华盛顿7月15日路透电 —— 唐纳德·特朗普总统提名领导美国疾控中心（CDC）的埃丽卡·施瓦茨将于周三出席参议院卫生委员会的确认听证会。此次听证会将考验这家深陷动荡的机构能否在数月混乱后获得稳定的领导层。
特朗普于今年4月提名施瓦茨——他第一任期的副卫生局局长——此前疾控中心已多次出现领导层变动。在特朗普第二任期内，疾控中心除了一个月外，始终没有经过确认的负责人。
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这场在美国参议院卫生、教育、劳工与养老金委员会举行的听证会，是自苏珊·莫纳雷斯去年获得确认以来，首次为任命永久主任而举行的听证会。
莫纳雷斯在就职不到一个月后，因与卫生部长小罗伯特·肯尼迪在疫苗政策上发生冲突而被解雇。
在莫纳雷斯之前，特朗普曾于2025年3月撤回了他提名的首位疾控中心主任人选——佛罗里达州共和党前国会议员戴夫·韦尔登。韦尔登是一名长期反对疫苗的医生，在原定听证会举行前数小时，因明确无法获得足够票数而撤回提名。
施瓦茨是一名获得认证的预防医学医师，没有公开反对疫苗的记录，是更为常规的提名人选。
如果获得确认，她将接手一个面临多重挑战的机构：美国三十多年来最严重的麻疹卷土重来疫情、一场国际埃博拉疫情，以及公众对疫苗的信心不断下滑。
今年美国麻疹病例有望超过2025年的总病例数，这将是2000年麻疹被宣布消除以来的最高值，主要原因是儿童免疫接种率持续下降。
疾控中心还已针对刚果（金）和乌干达的埃博拉疫情启动了最高级别应急响应，此次疫情是有记录以来规模最大的埃博拉疫情之一。
参议员比尔·卡西迪——路易斯安那州共和党议员、一名对肯尼迪的疫苗改革计划持怀疑态度的医生——将主持此次听证会。他在上月的会面后称施瓦茨“非常令人印象深刻”。
该委员会还将为特朗普提名的准备与响应助理部长肖恩·考夫曼举行听证会。与施瓦茨形成鲜明对比的是，考夫曼的提名因其过往质疑疫苗的言论受到审查。
考夫曼曾质疑婴儿接种乙肝疫苗，并在过往言论中引用了已被证伪的疫苗与自闭症之间的关联。
在一条现已删除的2025年5月领英帖子中，他反对给婴儿接种乙肝疫苗，并写道，任何称他为“反疫苗人士”的人，都会迫使他“称你为恋童癖者”。
作为一家生物安全咨询公司的联合创始人，如果获得确认，考夫曼将负责监管国家危机应对措施，包括疫苗和个人防护装备。
艾哈迈德·阿布勒恩因报道；阿利斯泰尔·贝尔编辑
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Trump nominee for US CDC director appears before Senate panel
2026-07-15 10:07 AM UTC / Reuters
By Ahmed Aboulenein
July 15, 2026 10:07 AM UTC Updated 1 hour ago
The logo of Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is seen in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. August 9, 2025. REUTERS/Megan Varner Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
WASHINGTON, July 15 (Reuters) – Erica Schwartz, President Donald Trump’s nominee to lead the U.S. CDC, will appear before the Senate health committee on Wednesday for a confirmation hearing that will test whether the embattled agency can secure stable leadership after months of turmoil.
Trump nominated Schwartz, his first-term deputy surgeon general, in April, after multiple leadership shakeups at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC has lacked a confirmed leader for all but a month of Trump’s second term.
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The hearing before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions is the first step toward confirming a permanent director since Susan Monarez’s confirmation last year.
Monarez was fired less than a month later after clashing with Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. over vaccine policy.
Before Monarez, Trump had in March 2025 withdrawn his first CDC nominee, Florida Republican former Congressman Dave Weldon, a physician long critical of vaccines, hours before his scheduled hearing after it became clear he lacked the votes.
Schwartz, a board-certified preventive medicine physician with no public record of opposing vaccines, is a more conventional pick.
If confirmed, she will inherit an agency confronting the country’s worst measles resurgence in over three decades, an international Ebola outbreak, and eroding public confidence in vaccines.
U.S. measles cases this year are on track to surpass 2025’s total, the highest since the disease was declared eliminated in 2000, driven largely by falling childhood immunization rates.
The CDC has also activated its highest emergency response to an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, now one of the largest on record.
Senator Bill Cassidy, a Louisiana Republican and physician skeptical of Kennedy’s vaccine overhaul, will lead the hearing. He called Schwartz “very impressive” after a meeting last month.
The committee will also hold a hearing for Sean Kaufman, Trump’s nominee for assistant secretary for preparedness and response. His nomination has drawn scrutiny over past comments questioning vaccines, a contrast with Schwartz.
Kaufman has questioned the hepatitis B vaccine in infants and cited the disproven link between vaccines and autism in past comments.
In a now-deleted May 2025 LinkedIn post arguing against the infant hepatitis B shot, he wrote that anyone calling him “an antivaxxer” would force him “to call you a pedophile.”
The co-founder of a biosafety consulting firm, Kaufman would, if confirmed, oversee national crisis countermeasures, including vaccines and personal protective equipment.
Reporting by Ahmed Aboulenein; Editing by Alistair Bell
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