2026年6月30日16:19:23.643Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
作者：约翰·弗里茨
3小时前
发布于 2026年6月30日美国东部时间下午12:19
美国国会图书馆主楼于1897年11月1日对公众开放。它是美国历史最悠久的联邦文化机构，也是世界上规模最大的图书馆。
KAREN BLEIER/法新社/盖蒂图片社
美国最高法院周二暂时驳回了总统唐纳德·特朗普解雇美国国会图书馆一名高级官员的企图，这一裁决将允许该官员继续留任，直至下级法院对其案件进行审理。此次裁决恰逢本周最高法院就总统权力作出重磅判决之后。
这一举措意味着希拉·珀尔马特将继续担任美国版权局局长，尽管特朗普此前一直要求立即将其撤职。
在一份简短的裁决中，最高法院强调，此次并未就特朗普诉求所涉及的法律问题的实质内容作出判决。
特朗普去年春季与美国国会图书馆爆发争端。总统于5月初解除了前国会图书馆馆长卡拉·海登的职务，随后试图任命时任副司法部长托德·布兰奇——他的前私人律师之一——为代理馆长。他同时还试图解雇隶属于国会图书馆的版权局局长珀尔马特。
去年秋天，最高法院暂停了珀尔马特相关争议的审理程序，直至法院审结另外两起涉及总统罢免行政部门成员权力的重大案件。周一，最高法院就这两起案件作出裁决，赋予总统罢免行政部门内独立机构负责人的广泛权力。但珀尔马特的论点之一是，她的职位属于立法部门，因此不应受特朗普的任免权限约束。
这场争端去年曾引发剧烈风波：今年5月，多名特朗普的忠实支持者携带一份据称由总统签署的文件前往国会图书馆，声称要接管馆内事务。图书馆官员拒绝承认他们的合法任命身份，并随后提起诉讼。
珀尔马特声称，她因一份报告而招致总统不满：该报告指出，用于训练人工智能模型的部分受版权保护作品可能需要获得授权——即科技公司使用这些材料需支付费用。珀尔马特的诉讼称，特朗普“据称对该报告持反对意见”。几天后，一名白宫官员向珀尔马特发送邮件，声称她已被解雇。
今年早些时候，美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院的一个三人合议庭以2比1的投票结果裁定，美国版权局局长属于立法部门官员，因此只有经参议院确认的国会图书馆馆长才能将其罢免，总统无权直接解雇。
“行政部门据称公然干预立法部门官员履行法定职责、为国会提供咨询的行为，在性质和程度上都与此前的案件存在显著不同，这违反了分权原则，”美国巡回法院法官弗洛伦斯·潘写道。
与弗洛伦斯·潘一同支持珀尔马特的另一名法官均由总统乔·拜登任命。第三名由特朗普提名的法官持反对意见。
特朗普政府在向最高法院提起的上诉中称，哥伦比亚特区巡回法院的裁决“违反了既定先例，误解了国会图书馆馆长和版权局局长的法律地位”。其部分理由是，版权局局长履行的是“行政职能”，例如参与与外国政府就版权问题举行的会谈——该部门称这是“国际外交中日益敏感的议题”。
“将国会图书馆馆长和版权局局长视为立法官员，将使大部分联邦版权法与‘国会不得将执行法律的权力授予自身及其官员’这一基本原则陷入冲突，”副司法部长D.约翰·佐尔在紧急提交的文件中向法院表示。
Library of Congress official Trump tried to fire can keep her job for now, Supreme Court says
2026-06-30T16:19:23.643Z / CNN
By John Fritze
3 hr ago
PUBLISHED Jun 30, 2026, 12:19 PM ET
The current Library of Congress building opened its doors to the public on November 1, 1897. It is the United States’ oldest federal cultural institution and the largest library in the world.
KAREN BLEIER/AFP/Getty Images
The Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected an effort by President Donald Trump to fire a top official at the Library of Congress for now, a move that will allow her to remain in her post while her case is reviewed by lower courts in light of the court’s blockbuster decisions on presidential power earlier this week.
The move means that Shira Perlmutter will remain the director of the US Copyright Office despite a long-pending request from Trump to remove her immediately.
In a brief order, the court stressed that it was not ruling on the merits of the legal issues raised by Trump’s claim.
Trump launched a battle with the Library of Congress last spring. The president removed the former Librarian of Congress, Carla Hayden, in early May and then attempted to install then-Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche, one of his former private attorneys, as the acting librarian. He also attempted to fire Perlmutter at the Copyright Office, which is part of the library.
Last fall, the Supreme Court paused action in the Perlmutter kerfuffle while the court resolved two other major cases dealing with the president’s power to fire members of the executive branch. On Monday, the court resolved those cases, granting president’s broad power to remove the leadership at independent agencies within the executive branch. But one of Perlmutter’s arguments is that her position is part of the legislative branch, which she has argued should make her out of Trump’s reach.
The dispute led to high drama last year when several Trump loyalists showed up at the building in May with a letter from the president purporting to put them in charge. Library officials declined to recognize them as properly appointed and then filed a lawsuit.
Perlmutter has claimed she got on the president’s bad side with a report that suggested some copyrighted works used to train artificial intelligence models would likely require licensing — that is, tech companies would have to pay to use that material. Perlmutter’s lawsuit said that Trump “allegedly disagreed” with that report. Days later, a White House official sent an email to Perlmutter asserting that she had also been terminated.
In a 2-1 decision earlier this year, a panel of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals said that the register of copyrights is part of the legislative branch, meaning that only a Senate-confirmed Librarian of Congress can remove her, and not the president.
“The executive’s alleged blatant interference with the work of a legislative branch official, as she performs statutorily authorized duties to advise Congress, strikes us as a violation of the separation of powers that is significantly different in kind and in degree from the cases that have come before,” US Circuit Judge Florence Pan wrote.
Pan and another judge who sided with Perlmutter were appointed by President Joe Biden. A third judge, who was nominated by Trump, dissented.
The Trump administration told the high court in its appeal that the DC Circuit’s decision “contravenes settled precedent and misconceives the Librarian’s and Register’s legal status.” That’s partly because the register of copyrights, it argued, performs “executive functions,” such as taking part in meetings with foreign governments about copyright issues, which it described as “an increasingly sensitive issue in international diplomacy.”
“Treating the Librarian and Register as legislative officers would set much of federal copyright law on a collision course with the basic principle that Congress may not vest the power to execute the laws in itself or its officers,” Solicitor General D. John Sauer told the court in the emergency filing.
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