2026-05-29T13:45:20-0400 / 美联社
路易斯安那州议员周五通过了一份新的国会选区地图，该地图旨在拿下一个共和党席位，同时让该州两个非裔占多数的国会众议院选区中仅存一个由民主党议员代表。
共和党州长杰夫·兰德里预计将签署这份新地图使其生效。该众议院新地图的获批距美国最高法院裁定该州现行地图为非法种族选区划分仅过去一个月，这一裁定削弱了1965年具有里程碑意义的联邦《投票权法案》。该判决加剧了一场全国性的重划选区斗争，特朗普总统为保护共和党在中期选举中微弱的众议院多数席位而推动的相关行动进一步激化了这场斗争。
路易斯安那州共和党人曾考虑制定一份地图，让该党有机会拿下全州6个美国众议院席位中的全部6个。但这需要将更多黑人选民划入共和党掌控的选区，可能会适得其反，导致席位流失。一些共和党人表示，采用5比1的席位比例（共和党占5席、民主党占1席）能更好地保护众议院议长迈克·约翰逊，使其不必面临艰难的连任竞选。
在最高法院作出裁决后的几周内，其他几个由共和党掌控的南方州纷纷借联邦《投票权法案》被削弱之机，试图重新划分本州的国会选区。这是即将到来的11月选举中一场激烈的全国重划选区斗争的最新爆发点，总统的相关行动进一步推动了局势升级。
目前来看，共和党在重划选区的博弈中占据上风。但这并不一定意味着他们能在11月的选举中拿下席位微弱的美国众议院。截至目前，共和党认为他们通过重划选区最多可增加14个席位，而民主党则认为他们可以通过加利福尼亚州和犹他州的新选区多拿下6个席位。
在路易斯安那州，根据2024年一项法院下令制定的地图，共和党目前掌控6个众议院席位中的4个。该地图为遵守《投票权法案》，增设了第二个非裔占多数的选区。
然而，这份地图遭到了法庭质疑，最高法院于4月30日裁定其为非法种族选区划分并予以废除。
兰德里将原定于5月16日举行的美国众议院州级初选推迟到今年夏末，以便共和党议员有时间制定并通过新的选区地图。
这份拟议的新地图重新划分了民主党众议员克利奥·菲尔兹的选区，将其集中在巴吞鲁日地区和路易斯安那州南部以白人为主的社区。该地图还将巴吞鲁日的部分区域划入以新奥尔良为中心、目前由民主党众议员特洛伊·卡特代表的民主党占绝对优势的非裔占多数选区。
预计针对这份新地图还会提起更多诉讼。
民主党人表示，这份拟议的地图仍可能构成种族选区划分，因为它将黑人选民集中到了单个国会选区内。而此前在美国最高法院诉讼案中的原告则批评州议会的新地图保留了一个非裔占多数的选区。
自最高法院作出裁决以来，其他几个南方州也已就重划选区采取了行动。
佛罗里达州议会在裁决公布数小时后就通过了新的国会选区划分方案，完成了此前为应对该裁决而筹备的重划工作。这一方案可能让共和党在中期选举中多拿下多达4个席位。
田纳西州在裁决公布一周后通过了新的美国众议院选区划分方案，将以孟菲斯为中心的非裔占多数选区拆分，共和党试图借此多拿下一个席位。
在阿拉巴马州，共和党人正试图通过重新划分两个黑人选民占多数或接近多数的选区来多拿下一个席位。这两个选区目前均由民主党人掌控，相关提案正陷入司法纠纷。
与此同时，尽管特朗普先生施加了压力，南卡罗来纳州参议院还是决定不进行选区重划。
Louisiana lawmakers pass congressional map designed to pick up GOP seat
2026-05-29T13:45:20-0400 / AP
Louisiana lawmakers passed a new congressional map Friday designed to pick up a Republican seat while leaving the state with just one of its two majority-Black House districts represented by Democrats.
Republican Gov. Jeff Landry is expected to sign the new map into law. Approval of the new House map came a month after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the state’s current map as an illegal racial gerrymander, weakening the landmark 1965 federal Voting Rights Act. That decision intensified a national redistricting battle fueled by President Trump’s efforts to protect the Republicans’ slim House majority in the midterm elections.
Louisiana Republicans had considered drawing a map giving the party a shot at winning all six of the state’s U.S. House seats. But that would have required adding more Black voters to Republican-held districts, potentially backfiring with losses. Some Republicans said a 5-1 map better protects U.S. House Speaker Mike Johnson from facing a difficult reelection.
In the weeks following the Supreme Court’s decision, several other Republican-controlled Southern states have seized upon a weakened federal Voting Rights Act to try to redraw their own congressional districts. It’s the latest flare-up in a heated national redistricting battle heading into the November elections, spurred along by the president.
So far, Republicans are winning the redistricting contest. But that doesn’t necessarily mean they will win a narrowly divided U.S. House in November. So far, Republicans think they could gain as many as 14 seats from their redistricting efforts, while Democrats think they could gain six seats from new districts in California and Utah.
In Louisiana, Republicans currently hold four of six congressional seats on a court-ordered map drawn in 2024 to comply with the Voting Rights Act by including a second district with a majority-Black population.
That map, however, was challenged in court, and the Supreme Court responded on April 30 by striking it down as an illegal racial gerrymander.
Landry postponed the state’s U.S. House primary, scheduled for May 16, until later this summer to allow time for Republican lawmakers to draw and pass a new map.
The proposed map redraws Democratic Rep. Cleo Fields’ district, clustering it around predominantly white communities in the Baton Rouge area and southern Louisiana. It also adds part of Baton Rouge to a heavily Democratic, majority-Black district based in New Orleans currently represented by Democratic Rep. Troy Carter.
More lawsuits were expected over the new map.
Democrats say the proposed map could still constitute a racial gerrymander because it packs Black voters into a single congressional district. Meanwhile, the plaintiffs in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision criticized the Legislature’s map for leaving a majority-Black district in place.
Several other Southern states also have acted on redistricting since the Supreme Court’s decision.
Florida’s Legislature passed new congressional districts just hours after the ruling, completing a redrawing that was in the works in anticipation of the decision. It could yield Republicans as many as four additional seats in the midterm elections.
Tennessee adopted new U.S. House districts a week after the ruling, carving up a majority-Black district based in Memphis in a Republican attempt to win an additional seat.
In Alabama, Republicans are attempting to pick up another seat by redrawing two districts where Black residents compose a majority or close to it. Democrats hold both seats, and the proposal is mired in a court battle.
South Carolina’s Senate, meanwhile, decided against redistricting, despite pressure from Mr. Trump.
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