2026-05-20T04:01:51.213Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
美国司法部对古巴前总统劳尔·卡斯特罗提起刑事指控的预期计划，是一场筹备了30多年的追诉，早在20世纪90年代，迈阿密的联邦检察官就首次起草了针对他的起诉书。
据了解此案内情的人士透露，时隔三十年，预计周三在迈阿密一场活动上公布的刑事指控，将聚焦这位94岁的卡斯特罗在担任总统之前的角色——时任国防部长，以及被指下令击落两架属于古巴裔美国人组织“营救兄弟会”的民用飞机的行为。1996年的这起击落事件发生在国际空域。
在这起由两架古巴米格战斗机发动的袭击中，四人丧生，其中三人是美国人。据熟悉相关计划的人士透露，代理司法部长托德·布兰奇预计将出席一场纪念击落事件遇难者的仪式，当天古巴流亡者将其视为古巴独立日。
然而，最初的起诉书草案是依托对曼努埃尔·诺列加成功追诉的势头起草的。这位巴拿马领导人于1992年因敲诈勒索和贩毒罪名被定罪。
“在诺列加案之后，我们坦率地加倍努力推进这起案件，”前迈阿密联邦检察官盖伊·刘易斯在一次电话采访中谈及早期的努力时说道。
多年后，刘易斯撰写了一份长达七页的备忘录，阐述了针对卡斯特罗的可能案由。近几个月来，这份备忘录被提交给了特朗普政府的高级官员，包括国务卿马可·卢比奥。该备忘录最初起草于2016年，随后被送交时任司法部长杰夫·塞申斯。但当时并未提起诉讼——直到现在。
乔治·福勒现年9岁时随家人逃离古巴，他是代表古巴美国人全国基金会这一游说团体的资深律师。他表示自己曾写信给唐纳德·特朗普总统，并附上刘易斯的备忘录，以此作为对卡斯特罗采取行动的依据。
“我从9岁起就一直试图将卡斯特罗兄弟起诉，”福勒在接受CNN采访时说道。
曾协助起诉诺列加的刘易斯表示，为诺列加案追诉所开展的部分调查工作，有助于收集到证据，证明时任古巴领导人菲德尔·卡斯特罗的弟弟劳尔·卡斯特罗以及古巴政府其他官员，从哥伦比亚贩毒集团头目那里收取了数百万美元，以保护他们的毒品运输。
刘易斯回忆称，在《迈阿密先驱报》报道了起诉书草案的内容后，这些提起指控的努力一度停滞。
在“营救兄弟会”飞机被击落后，随着美国联邦调查局加强对古巴情报间谍网的调查，新一轮的追诉努力得以启动。该间谍网的活动范围从迈阿密和坦帕的军事设施，到渗透“营救兄弟会”组织，甚至波及国会议员的办公室。
这个被称为“黄蜂网”的间谍网，将古巴情报人员安插在迈阿密的反卡斯特罗古巴侨民社区中，其中就包括“营救兄弟会”。该组织最初是由空中侦察人员组成的团体，负责识别海上需要救援的古巴难民。
在2000年的审判中，包括其头目赫拉尔多·埃尔南德斯在内的五名古巴间谍网成员因间谍罪及其他罪名被定罪。美国的另一份起诉书还对古巴米格战斗机飞行员以及据称下令击落这两架 unarmed民用飞机的一名古巴将军提出了谋杀等指控。
当时正在美国监狱服终身监禁的埃尔南德斯，作为2014年囚犯交换的一部分被送回古巴，这引发了佛罗里达州南部——美国最大的古巴裔社区所在地——的强烈愤慨。
“我的反应是愤怒，”刘易斯说道，“这就像当着这些家属和遇难者的遗志吐口水。三名美国公民被冷血谋杀。”
尽管由于政治优先级的变化，对卡斯特罗的追诉似乎一度不了了之，但参与调查的检察官和现任官员表示，他们从未结案过卡斯特罗兄弟相关案件。2016年特朗普当选总统后，这次囚犯交换事件推动了新一轮的追诉努力。
曾牵头古巴间谍案追诉的戴维·巴克纳表示，检察官曾考虑对任何参与杀害“营救兄弟会”飞行员的人提起指控。
“我们顺着证据追查到底，”他说，“我们调查了所有人。我们的目标是为这些家属伸张正义。”
巴克纳表示，调查显示古巴政府发动此次袭击，是为了向当时借助欧洲各国政府资助不断壮大的古巴异见人士发出警告。
在1996年袭击发生时，“营救兄弟会”的飞机已知会在古巴领空外飞行，并投放数千份印有反卡斯特罗政府内容的传单，意图送达哈瓦那居民手中。检察官在审判期间表示，在袭击当天，迈阿密的间谍将飞行计划通知了古巴军方，并确保了该间谍网头目埃尔南德斯不在其中任何一架飞机上。
“这不是一次性事件，也不是一时冲动，这是一起有预谋的杀人案，”巴克纳说，“其目的是恐吓古巴人民。”
Raúl Castro expected to be indicted Wednesday — a prosecution in the works for 3 decades
2026-05-20T04:01:51.213Z / CNN
The Justice Department’s anticipated criminal charges against former Cuban president Raúl Castro is a prosecution more than 30 years in the works, with federal prosecutors in Miami first drafting an indictment against him in the 1990s.
After three decades, criminal charges expected to be announced Wednesday at an event in Miami focus on the 94-year-old Castro’s role — years before his presidency — as defense minister and alleged role in ordering the 1996 shoot down of two civilian aircraft belonging to the Cuban-American group Brothers to the Rescue, according to people briefed on the matter.
Four people, three of them Americans, were killed in the attack by two Cuban MiG fighters in international airspace. Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche is expected to attend a ceremony honoring the victims of the shoot-down on a day that Cuban exiles celebrate as Cuba’s independence day, according to people familiar with the plans.
The original draft indictment, however, was built on the momentum of the successful prosecution of Manuel Noriega, the Panamanian leader convicted in 1992 of racketeering and drug trafficking.
“On the heels of the Noriega case, we frankly redoubled the efforts to move this case forward,” Guy Lewis, a former US Attorney in Miami, said of the early efforts in a telephone interview.
Years later, Lewis wrote a seven-page memo laying out a possible case against Castro that in recent months made its way to top Trump administration officials, including Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The memo was originally prepared in 2016 and later sent to then Attorney General Jeff Sessions. But no case materialized — until now.
George Fowler, whose family fled Cuba when he was 9-years-old and is a longtime attorney representing the Cuban American National Foundation lobbying group, says he wrote to President Donald Trump and included Lewis’ memo to make the case for taking action against Castro.
“I’ve been trying to get the Castros indicted since I was 9-years-old,” Fowler said in an interview with CNN.
Lewis, who helped prosecute Noriega, says some of the investigation to prepare for the Noriega prosecution helped develop evidence that Castro, brother of then-Cuban leader Fidel Castro, and others in the Cuban government took millions in payments from Colombian cartel leaders to protect their shipments.
Those efforts to bring charges came to a halt after the Miami Herald reported on the indictment draft, Lewis recalls from the time.
A new effort took root after the Brothers to the Rescue shootdown, as the FBI intensified its investigation of the Cuban intelligence spy ring that stretched from military installations in Miami and Tampa, to infiltrations of the Brothers to the Rescue group and even the offices of members of Congress.
The spy ring known as La Red Avispa, or Wasp Network, had planted Cuban intelligence officers inside Miami’s anti-Castro Cuban community, including the Brothers to the Rescue, which began as a group of airborne spotters who identified Cuban refugees who needed rescue at sea.
In a 2000 trial, five members of the Cuban spy ring, including its leader Gerardo Hernandez, were found guilty of espionage and other charges. A separate US indictment included murder and other charges against the Cuban MiG pilots and a Cuban general who allegedly ordered the unarmed civilian planes to be shot down.
Hernandez, then serving a life sentence in a US prison, was among a group that was returned to Cuba as part of a prisoner exchange in 2014, sparking outrage in south Florida, home of the largest Cuban-American community.
“My reaction was anger,” Lewis says. “It was like spitting in the face of these families and the memory of these men. Three US citizens who were murdered in cold blood.”
While the effort to charge Castro appeared to fizzle because of shifts in political priorities, prosecutors involved in the investigation and current officials say they never closed the books on the Castro brothers. The prisoner exchange helped spark a renewed push when Trump won the 2016 election.
David Buckner, who helped lead the Cuban espionage prosecution, said prosecutors looked into charging anyone involved in the murder of the Brothers to the Rescue pilots.
“We followed the evidence as far as it could take us,” he said. “We looked at everybody. Our goal was to obtain justice for these families.”
Buckner says that the investigation showed that the Cuban government carried out the attack as a message to dissidents on the island who at the time were gaining ground with funding from European governments.
At the time of the 1996 attack, Brothers to the Rescue planes were known to fly just outside Cuban airspace and release thousands of fliers with anti-Cuban government messages intended to reach Havana residents. On the day of the attack, spies in Miami had informed the Cuban military of the planned flight and had ensured that Hernandez, the ring leader, wasn’t on one of the planes, prosecutors said during the trial.
“This was not a one-off, it wasn’t a spur of the moment thing, this was a planned out homicide,” Buckner said. “It was supposed to intimidate the people of Cuba.”
发表回复