2026-05-13 下午4:54 UTC / 路透社
作者：卢克·科恩
2026年5月13日 下午4:54 UTC 更新于3小时前
2025年4月23日的示意图中展示了美国司法部徽章和美国国旗。路透社/达多·鲁维奇/示意图 购买授权，将在新标签页打开
- 摘要
- 司法部意见不具约束力，多州拒绝分享未脱敏选民名册
- 六个州的联邦法官已驳回司法部索要选民名单的要求
- 投票权倡导者警告称，国土安全部的核查可能会错误地将归化公民标记为无投票资格者
- 阅读该意见：
5月13日（路透社）——美国司法部已就联邦政府要求各州分享其未脱敏选民名册一事发布正式法律依据，尽管已有六家联邦法院裁定各州没有义务提供此类名单。
司法部法律顾问办公室5月12日发布的这份意见——该办公室为白宫和联邦机构提供咨询——对各州不具有约束力，已有数十个州拒绝了特朗普政府要求其交出包含选民部分社会保险号、驾照号码等敏感信息的名单的要求。
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但这表明，即便加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、密歇根州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州和亚利桑那州的联邦法官已阻止司法部强迫各州共享名单，司法部仍不打算放弃对这些数据的索要。司法部表示，需要未脱敏的选民名册来监督各州的流程，确保包括非公民在内的无资格人员不会登记投票。
这份意见发布之际，唐纳德·特朗普总统领导的共和党正努力在11月的中期选举中保住国会两院的控制权。特朗普及其盟友 falsely 声称他在2020年总统选举中失利是因为选举欺诈。特朗普还经常称非法移民投票现象猖獗，尽管各州审计和独立研究均表明此类情况极为罕见。
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名册可与国土安全部共享
法律顾问办公室在这份将在新标签页打开的意见中表示，司法部有权将选民名册分享给负责执行移民法的国土安全部，以核查非公民是否被不当登记投票。
投票权倡导者担忧，将各州选民名册与国土安全部数据进行比对的计划，可能会错误地将归化公民标记为无投票资格者。
该意见还得出结论称，选民名册受一项民权法律约束，该法律允许司法部强制各州提供某些与选举相关的文件，且司法部收集此类数据不会违反联邦隐私法。
司法部起诉数十个州
美国宪法将管理联邦选举的职责赋予各州，但司法部拥有一定的监督权限。
自去年以来，司法部民权部门已向几乎所有州发函，要求获取其未脱敏的选民名册。包括多个由共和党人执政的州在内的数十个州均予以拒绝。司法部已起诉30个州和哥伦比亚特区，迫使他们交出名册。
驳回司法部诉求的法官中，有三名由民主党总统任命，三名由特朗普第一任期内任命。
司法部正在就加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州和密歇根州的败诉结果提起上诉。
卢克·科恩在纽约报道 罗德·尼克尔编辑
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US Justice Department drafts legal opinion backing demands for state voter rolls
2026-05-13 4:54 PM UTC / Reuters
By Luc Cohen
May 13, 2026 4:54 PM UTC Updated 3 hours ago
United States Department of Justice logo and U.S. flag are seen in this illustration taken April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Summary
- DOJ opinion not binding, many states resist sharing unredacted voter rolls
- Federal judges in six states have blocked DOJ demands for voter lists
- Voting rights advocates warn DHS checks could wrongly flag naturalized citizens
- Read the opinion:
May 13 (Reuters) – The Department of Justice has issued a formal legal justification for the federal government’s demands that states share their unredacted voter rolls, even though half a dozen federal courts have already ruled that states have no obligation to provide those lists.
The May 12 opinion from the DOJ’s Office of Legal Counsel – which provides advice to the White House and federal agencies – is not binding on states, dozens of which have resisted the Trump administration’s demands that they hand over lists including sensitive information such as voters’ partial social security numbers and driver’s license numbers.
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But it signals that the Justice Department does not intend to back down from its push for the data, even after federal judges in California, Oregon, Michigan, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Arizona have blocked it from forcing states to share their lists. The department says it needs the unredacted lists to oversee states’ processes for ensuring that ineligible people, including noncitizens, are not registered to vote.
The opinion comes as President Donald Trump’s Republicans are battling to maintain control of both houses of Congress in the November midterm elections. Trump and his allies have falsely asserted that his loss in the 2020 presidential election was due to fraud. Trump also frequently states that voting by illegal immigrants is rampant, even though state audits and independent studies have shown that the practice is rare.
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LISTS COULD BE SHARED WITH DHS
In its opinion, opens new tab, the OLC said the Justice Department would be authorized to share the lists with the Department of Homeland Security, which enforces immigration laws, to check whether noncitizens were improperly registered to vote.
Voting rights advocates have raised concerns that the plans to run states’ voter rolls against DHS data could wrongly flag naturalized citizens as ineligible to vote.
The opinion also concluded that the voter rolls were subject to a civil rights law allowing the Justice Department to compel states to provide it with certain election-related documents, and that the department’s collection of such data would not run afoul of federal privacy laws.
DOJ SUES DOZENS OF STATES
The U.S. Constitution assigns individual states the role of administering federal elections, though the Justice Department has some oversight authority.
Since last year, the DOJ’s Civil Rights Division has sent letters to nearly every state demanding access to their unredacted rolls. Dozens of states, including several governed by Republicans, have resisted. The Justice Department has sued 30 states and the District of Columbia seeking to force them to hand over their rolls.
The judges who have ruled against the Justice Department include three appointed by Democratic presidents and three appointed by Trump during his first term.
The Justice Department is appealing its losses in California, Oregon and Michigan.
Reporting by Luc Cohen in New York Editing by Rod Nickel
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