2026年5月8日 晚上8:22 UTC / 路透社
作者：约翰·克鲁泽尔
2026年5月8日 晚上8:22 UTC 两小时前更新
![2022年10月3日，美国华盛顿，美国最高法院大楼在法院新任期首日的景象。路透社/乔纳森·恩斯特 购买授权，打开新标签页]
摘要
最高法院裁决削弱了具有里程碑意义的《投票权法案》
特朗普领导的共和党人正竭力保住国会控制权
华盛顿5月8日路透电 — 阿拉巴马州共和党人周五向美国最高法院请求，为该州在11月中期选举前推行对本党更有利的国会选区地图扫清障碍，这是最高法院近期关于投票权的重磅裁决引发的最新连锁反应。
州官员们请求大法官们搁置下级法院的命令，该命令要求阿拉巴马州在7个国会选区中设立两个非裔占多数的选区，而这两个选区目前均由非裔民主党人掌控。
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自4月29日最高法院裁决削弱《投票权法案》一项关键条款后，阿拉巴马州等共和党主政的州正寻求取消非裔占多数的国会选区，以提升本党在中期选举中的胜算。
唐纳德·特朗普总统所在的共和党正竭力在中期选举中保住参众两院的控制权。
由保守派大法官以6票对3票通过的这项裁决，推翻了路易斯安那州增设第二个非裔占多数的美国国会选区的选举地图。多数派大法官认定，重新划定的选区地图过度依赖种族因素，违反了宪法平等保护原则。
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该裁决使得少数族裔在《投票权法案》框架下质疑选举地图存在种族歧视时，更难拿出直接证据证明存在种族敌意意图。
阿拉巴马州总检察长史蒂夫·马歇尔在周五的诉状中表示，法院应当在本案中作出与路易斯安那案相同的裁决。
“阿拉巴马州的案件与路易斯安那州如出一辙，二者应当以相同方式收尾：今年的选举将基于合法的政策目标而非种族因素划定选区，”马歇尔写道。
下级法院此前裁定，共和党制定的仅包含一个非裔占多数选区的国会地图很可能违反了《投票权法案》，因此命令阿拉巴马州增设第二个接近非裔占多数的选区。
占阿拉巴马州选民四分之一的黑人选民通常支持民主党候选人。
约翰·克鲁泽尔报道；安德鲁·钟纽约补充报道；尼克·齐明斯基、罗德·尼克尔编辑
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Alabama Republicans ask US Supreme Court to clear way for new voting map
2026-05-08 8:22 PM UTC / Reuters
By John Kruzel
May 8, 2026 8:22 PM UTC Updated 2 hours ago
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Summary
Supreme Court ruling weakened landmark Voting Rights Act
Trump’s Republicans fighting to keep control of Congress
WASHINGTON, May 8 (Reuters) – Alabama Republicans asked the U.S. Supreme Court on Friday to clear the way for the state to pursue a congressional voting map more favorable to their party ahead of November’s midterm elections in the latest fallout from the justices’ recent seismic voting rights ruling.
The state officials asked the justices to lift a lower court’s order requiring Alabama to use a map that includes two majority-Black districts out of seven. Both are held by Black Democrats.
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Alabama is among a group of Republican-led states now seeking to eliminate majority-Black congressional districts and boost their party’s chances ahead of the elections following the Supreme Court’s April 29 decision gutting a key provision of the landmark Voting Rights Act.
President Donald Trump’s fellow Republicans are fighting to maintain control of the House, as well as the Senate, in the midterm elections.
The court, in a 6-3 ruling powered by its conservative members, struck down an electoral map that had given Louisiana a second Black-majority U.S. congressional district. The redrawn map, the majority ruled, had relied too heavily on race in violation of the constitutional equal protection principle.
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The decision makes it harder for minorities to challenge electoral maps as racially discriminatory under the Voting Rights Act without direct evidence of racist intent.
Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall said in Friday’s filing that the court should reach the same outcome in this case.
“Alabama’s case mirrors Louisiana’s, and they should end the same way: with this year’s elections run with districts based on lawful policy goals, not race,” Marshall wrote.
Alabama was ordered by a lower court to add a second majority-Black district — or close to it — to its congressional map after the court found that a Republican-drawn map with just one such district likely violated the Voting Rights Act.
Black voters, who make up a quarter of Alabama’s electorate, tend to support Democratic candidates.
Reporting by John Kruzel; Additional reporting by Andrew Chung in New York; Editing by Nick Zieminski, Rod Nickel
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