2026-04-23T12:39:06.65Z / 路透社
作者：安德鲁·古兹沃德 与 巴尔加夫·阿查里亚
2026年4月23日 协调世界时12:39 更新于10分钟前
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[1/5]2026年4月20日，美国科罗拉多州丹佛市“迈尔高420节”上，一名狂欢者正在吸食大麻。路透社/切尼·奥尔 购买版权许可
- 内容摘要
- 企业动态
- 司法部将加快推进大麻重新分级听证会
- 此举有望通过放宽税收限制、拓宽融资渠道提振大麻行业
- 此前大麻与海洛因等毒品被归为同一类别
- 全美范围内大麻仍未实现全面合法化
（路透社4月23日电）美国司法部周四表示，将立即放松对部分大麻产品的限制，并迅速推进将该毒品重新归类为更低风险类别，这是数十年来美国毒品政策最重大的调整之一。
此举并未在全美范围内将大麻合法化，但有望重塑规模达470亿美元的大麻行业。尽管美国除两个州外，其余各州均已以某种形式将大麻合法化用于医疗用途，近半数州还将其合法化用于娱乐用途，但该行业长期以来一直面临联邦层面的诸多壁垒。
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受州政府监管的医用大麻产品，将从海洛因等高度成瘾性药物类别中移出，归入滥用潜力低至中等的限制性更低的类别，该类别包括常见止痛药、氯胺酮和睾酮等。美国食品药品监督管理局批准的大麻产品也将被归入该类别。
代理司法部长托德·布兰奇表示，美国政府还将加快推进一项更广泛的举措，将这种精神活性植物的所有用途重新归类为更低风险类别。
这些举措有望降低研究壁垒、减轻税收负担，并帮助企业更轻松地获得融资。
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“此次重新分级行动将允许对该物质的安全性和有效性进行研究，最终为患者提供更好的治疗方案，为医生提供更可靠的信息，”布兰奇在一份声明中说道。
此次调整是在唐纳德·特朗普总统去年12月发布行政命令，指示司法部放宽大麻监管限制之后推出的。
预计该举措将提振美国不断发展的大麻行业，惠及康尼格拉成长（WEED.TO）、Tilray Brands（TLRY.TO）、Trulieve Cannabis（TRUL.CD）等企业。
消息公布后，美股上市大麻公司股价涨幅在6%至13%之间。
“今天标志着美国的一个关键转折点。随着特朗普总统推动大麻重新分级，联邦政策终于与科学、医学，最重要的是与患者需求保持一致，”Tilray董事长兼首席执行官欧文·西蒙在一份声明中说道。
大麻曾被列为第一类管制药物，意味着其具有高度滥用潜力且无公认的医疗用途，这一分类长期以来广受诟病，被认为是过时的规定，尤其是在该药物在各州层面逐渐合法化的背景下。
根据国会研究服务处的数据，全美约24个州和哥伦比亚特区已将大麻合法化用于娱乐用途，40个州完全将其合法化用于医疗用途，另有8个州允许部分医疗用途。仅有爱达荷州和堪萨斯州未允许任何形式的合法使用。
市场研究机构BDSA的数据显示，2026年合法大麻销售额预计将突破470亿美元。
大麻是美国乃至全球使用最广泛的违禁药物。美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示，近五分之一的美国居民每年都会吸食大麻。尽管数百万美国人曾因持有该毒品被捕，但越来越多的相关企业已在证券交易所上市，销售大麻相关产品。
拜登政府曾在2024年启动类似举措，但在特朗普重新执政后未完成最终程序，美国缉毒局也废止了该项工作。
司法部表示，将于6月29日启动相关程序，收集关于大麻重新分级的证据和专家意见。
安德鲁·古兹沃德与巴尔加夫·阿查里亚 报道；米纳利卡·罗伊 补充报道；安迪·沙利文、苏珊·希维、米歇尔·尼科尔斯与尼克·齐明斯基 编辑
我们的准则：汤森路透信托原则。
US to loosen marijuana rules in major shift for $47 billion industry
2026-04-23T12:39:06.65Z / Reuters
By Andrew Goudsward and Bhargav Acharya
April 23, 2026 12:39 PM UTC Updated 10 mins ago
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[1/5]A reveller smokes cannabis at the Mile High 420 Festival in Denver, Colorado, U.S., April 20, 2026. REUTERS/Cheney Orr Purchase Licensing Rights
- Summary
- Companies
- Justice Department to expedite broader marijuana rescheduling hearing
- Move expected to boost cannabis industry by easing taxes and funding access
- Prior classification equated it with drugs like heroin
- Marijuana still not fully legal across the United States
April 23 (Reuters) – The U.S. Department of Justice said on Thursday it would immediately loosen restrictions on some marijuana products and move quickly to reclassify the drug as less dangerous, in one of the biggest changes to U.S. drug policy in decades.
The move does not legalize marijuana across the United States, but it is likely to reshape the $47 billion industry, which has faced continued barriers at the federal level, even as all but two U.S. states have legalized it in some form for medical use and nearly half have legalized it for recreational use as well.
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State-regulated medical marijuana products now would be moved from a group of drugs classified as highly addictive, such as heroin, to a less restrictive category for products that have a low to moderate potential for abuse, including common painkillers, ketamine and testosterone. Marijuana products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also would be moved to that category.
Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche said the U.S. government would also fast-track a broader effort that would reclassify all uses of the psychoactive plant as less dangerous.
The measures are likely to lower barriers for research, ease tax burdens and make it easier for firms to secure funding.
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“This rescheduling action allows for research on the safety and efficacy of this substance, ultimately providing patients with better care and doctors with more reliable information,” Blanche said in a statement.
The move follows a December executive order from President Donald Trump directing the Justice Department to loosen marijuana restrictions.
The measure is expected to boost the growing cannabis industry in the United States, benefiting companies like Canopy Growth (WEED.TO), Tilray Brands (TLRY.TO), Trulieve Cannabis (TRUL.CD).
U.S.-listed shares of cannabis companies jumped between 6% and 13% following the decision.
“Today marks a pivotal moment for the United States. With President Trump’s action to reschedule cannabis, federal policy is finally aligning with science, medicine, and most importantly, patient needs,” Irwin Simon, the chairman and CEO of Tilray, said in a statement.
Marijuana’s status as a Schedule I drug, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, has been widely criticized as anachronistic, particularly as it makes inroads at the state level.
Some 24 states and the District of Columbia have legalized it for recreational purposes, while 40 have fully legalized it for medical purposes and another eight allow some medical uses, according to the Congressional Research Service. Only two states – Idaho and Kansas – do not allow any legal use.
Legal sales are expected to top $47 billion in 2026, according to market researcher BDSA.
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and the world. Nearly one in five U.S. residents use it in a year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Millions of Americans have been arrested for possession of the drug, even while growing businesses listed on stock exchanges sell cannabis-related products.
The Biden administration embarked on a similar move in 2024 but it was not finalized when Trump returned to office and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration scrapped the effort.
The Justice Department said it will begin proceedings on June 29 to gather evidence and expert opinion on reclassifying the drug.
Reporting by Andrew Goudsward and Bhargav Acharya; additional reporting by Mrinalika Roy; editing by Andy Sullivan, Susan Heavey, Michelle Nichols and Nick Zieminski
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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