2026年4月23日 / 美国东部时间上午11:20 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿 — 美国司法部周四宣布，已发布一项命令，将部分大麻产品重新归类为更低管制等级的药品，同时启动程序加快对大麻进行更广泛重新分类的进程。
该命令由代理司法部长托德·布兰奇签署，将含有大麻的美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准产品，以及持有州医用大麻许可证监管的产品纳入《受控物质法案》第三类管制药品范畴。
布兰奇在一份声明中表示：“司法部正在兑现特朗普总统的承诺，扩大美国人获得医疗治疗选择的渠道。”
美国司法部的这一举措，是在特朗普先生去年12月签署行政命令之后做出的，该命令指示司法部长启动将大麻重新归类为第三类管制药品的规则制定程序。特朗普总统还在周六签署了一项行政命令，旨在加强研究并放宽对致幻剂的管制，其中包括伊博格碱——一种在部分国家用于治疗创伤后应激障碍的药物。
除了对这些特定大麻产品进行重新分类外，美国司法部和毒品 Enforcement 管理局（DEA）还将启动一项快速行政听证程序，审议将大麻从第一类管制药品重新归类为第三类的更广泛提议。据司法部介绍，听证会将于6月下旬举行，为评估修改大麻在联邦法律下的地位的可能性提供途径。
美国司法部命令的具体内容
第一类管制是最严格的分类，根据DEA的定义，这类药物“具有高滥用潜力，并可能导致严重的心理和/或身体依赖”。其他列入第一类管制的毒品包括海洛因、麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）和摇头丸。第三类管制药品则是“具有中度至低度身体和心理依赖潜力”的药物。被归类为第三类管制的药物包括氯胺酮、合成类固醇和含可待因的泰诺。
周四的命令指出，重新分类适用于大麻、大麻提取物以及大麻衍生化合物，如Δ-9四氢大麻酚（delta-9 THC），但前提是这些物质“被纳入FDA批准的药品产品，或持有州政府颁发的许可证，用于生产、分销和/或配给用于医疗目的的大麻或含大麻的产品”。
司法部表示，对这些产品进行重新分类“承认了州政府长期以来对医用大麻的监管，以及针对这一现实采取务实举措的必要性”。
布兰奇表示，这一调整“将允许对该物质的安全性和有效性进行研究，最终为患者提供更好的护理，为医生提供更可靠的信息”。
该命令同时指出，“除FDA批准的药品产品或持有州医用大麻许可证的大麻产品外，任何形式的大麻仍属于第一类管制受控物质，处理此类物质的人员仍需遵守监管规定，并可能面临行政、民事和刑事处罚”。
处理FDA批准的大麻产品的相关方，现在将遵守适用于第三类管制药品的特定监管要求，包括向DEA登记，以及遵守处置、安全和标签相关规定。
对于持有州许可证的医用大麻机构，司法部的命令为其向DEA进行联邦登记开辟了快速通道。命令中提到，将州许可证制度纳入联邦框架“是实现《受控物质法案》中关于医用大麻目标的最有效和高效手段，同时也能推广其益处”。
大麻政策项目执行主任亚当·J·史密斯对特朗普政府的这一举措表示欢迎，但他同时表示，大麻应该完全解除管制。
他在一份声明中说：“将大麻重新归类是大麻政策走向理性的历史性一步。我们希望这将为更多医学研究打开大门，激励各州为迫切需要大麻的患者提供安全、受监管的大麻素获取渠道，并希望受监管的大麻行业最终能在联邦税法中获得更公平的待遇。”“但将大麻归为第三类管制药品并未实现我们所需的系统性变革。它无法解决每年数十万起大麻持有逮捕案件的问题，也无法解决联邦禁令与美国超过一半成年人生活所在的受监管州市场之间长期存在的、难以维持的脱节问题。”
特朗普的行政命令
特朗普先生去年12月的指令指出，几十年来，联邦政府的毒品管制政策忽视了医用大麻的用途，限制了科学家和制造商完成关于其安全性和有效性研究的能力。
总统的行政命令中写道：“本届政府的政策是加强医用大麻和大麻二酚（CBD）的研究，以便更好地为患者和医生提供信息。”“缩小当前医用大麻和CBD使用情况与医疗界对其风险和益处的认知之间的差距至关重要，这包括针对特定人群和特定病症的研究。”
特朗普在2024年总统竞选期间曾表示，他支持将大麻重新归类为第三类管制药品，以挖掘其潜在的医疗用途。他还表示将支持佛罗里达州一项旨在将娱乐用大麻合法化的 ballot 修正案，但该提案于2024年11月被佛罗里达州选民否决。
美国司法部的这一举措，是在多个州多年来推动娱乐用和医用大麻合法化之后出台的。根据全国州议会会议的数据，目前已有24个州和哥伦比亚特区允许成人娱乐用大麻，38个州设有医用大麻项目。
拜登政府也曾提出将大麻重新归类为第三类管制药品的方案，但该规则最终未敲定，大麻仍维持在最严格的管制等级。
更广泛的大麻重新分类并不会在联邦层面将大麻合法化或非刑事化，但它将为大麻研究和扩大医疗用途扫清障碍。这一调整还可能降低已合法化地区持有州许可证的大麻 dispensaries 的税务负担。
乔·沃尔什和亚伦·纳瓦罗对本文亦有贡献。
Justice Department eases restrictions on some marijuana products
April 23, 2026 / 11:20 AM EDT / CBS News
Washington — The Justice Department announced Thursday that it has issued an order rescheduling certain marijuana products to a lower drug classification, while moving to expedite the process to reclassify marijuana more broadly.
The order was signed by Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche and places FDA-approved products containing marijuana and products regulated by a state medical marijuana license in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act.
“The Department of Justice is delivering on President Trump’s promise to expand Americans’ access to medical treatment options,” Blanche said in a statement.
The move by the Justice Department follows an executive order signed by Mr. Trump in December that directed the attorney general to begin the rulemaking process to reschedule marijuana to Schedule III. The president also signed an executive order on Saturday that aims to boost research and relax restrictions on psychedelics, including the drug ibogaine, which is used in some countries to treat post-traumatic stress disorder.
Beyond rescheduling those specific marijuana products, the Justice Department and Drug Enforcement Administration are also starting an expedited administrative hearing process to consider the broader rescheduling of marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III. That hearing will take place in late June and provides a pathway to evaluating the potential changes to marijuana’s status under federal law, according to the Justice Department.
What the Justice Department order does
Schedule 1 is the strictest classification and, according to the DEA, includes drugs that have a “high potential for abuse and the potential to create severe psychological and/or physical dependence.” Other Schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD and ecstasy. Schedule III drugs are those “with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.” Among the drugs classified as Schedule III are ketamine, anabolic steroids and Tylenol with codeine.
Thursday’s order said the reclassification applies to marijuana, marijuana extracts and marijuana-derived compounds, like delta-9 THC, that are “included in an FDA-approved drug product or are subject to a state-issued license to manufacture, distribute, and/or dispense marijuana or products containing marijuana for medical purposes.”
The Justice Department said the move to reschedule the products “recognizes the longstanding regulation of medical marijuana by state governments and the need for a common-sense approach to this reality.”
Blanche said the shift “allows for research on the safety and efficacy of this substance, ultimately providing patients with better care and doctors with more reliable information.”
The order noted that “any form of marijuana other than in an FDA-approved drug product or marijuana subject to a state medical marijuana license remains a schedule I controlled substance, and those who handle such material remain subject to the regulatory controls, and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions.”
Those that handle FDA-approved marijuana products will now be subject to certain regulatory requirements that apply to Schedule III drugs, including registering with the DEA and following rules for disposal, security and labeling.
For state-licensed medical marijuana entities, the Justice Department’s order creates a fast-track process for federal registration with the DEA. Incorporating state-licensing systems into the federal framework “represents the most effective and efficient means of achieving the” goals of the Controlled Substances Act with regard to medical marijuana while also promoting its benefits, the order states.
Adam J. Smith, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project, welcomed the move from the Trump administration, but said cannabis should be de-scheduled entirely.
“Rescheduling cannabis is a historic move towards sanity in cannabis policy. We hope that this will open the door to more medical research, inspires states to guarantee access to safe, regulated cannabinoids for patients who desperately need them, and that the regulated industry might finally be treated more fairly under the federal tax code,” he said in a statement. “But a move to Schedule III stops short of the systemic change we need. It does nothing to end hundreds of thousands of possession arrests each year, nor does it do anything to fix the untenable, ongoing disconnect between federal prohibition and the regulated state markets under which more than half of American adults live.”
Trump’s order
Mr. Trump’s directive in December said that the federal government’s drug control policy has for decades neglected the uses of medical marijuana, limiting the ability of scientists and manufacturers to complete research on its safety and efficacy.
“It is the policy of my Administration to increase medical marijuana and CBD research to better inform patients and doctors,” the president’s executive order states. “It is critical to close the gap between current medical marijuana and CBD use and medical knowledge of risks and benefits, including for specific populations and conditions.”
Mr. Trump had said during his 2024 presidential campaign that he supported rescheduling marijuana to a Schedule III drug to unlock potential medical uses. He said he would be backing a Florida ballot amendment that sought to legalize marijuana for recreational use. The proposal, however, was rejected by Florida voters in November 2024.
The move by the Justice Department follows years of state action to legalize recreational and medical marijuana use. Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia allow for adult recreational use and 38 states have medical marijuana programs, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
The Biden administration also moved to reclassify marijuana as a Schedule III drug, though the rule was not finalized and the drug remained at the most severe categorization.
Broader rescheduling would not legalize or decriminalize marijuana at the federal level. But it clears the way for more research into marijuana and expanded medical uses. The shift could also lead to a lower tax burden for state-licensed marijuana dispensaries in the places that have legalized the drug.
Joe Walsh and Aaron Navarro contributed to this report.
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