2026-04-23T12:40:27.203Z / 路透社
作者：露西娅·穆蒂卡尼
2026年4月23日 美国东部时间上午8:40 更新于1小时前
- 概要
- 企业
- 首次申请失业救济人数增加6000人，达21.4万人
- 4月非农就业人数调查周期间劳动力市场保持稳定
- 持续申请失业救济人数增加1.2万人，达182.1万人
华盛顿4月23日路透电 — 上周美国申请失业救济金的人数小幅上升，表明4月份劳动力市场持续保持稳定，不过美以与伊朗的战争引发的经济不确定性和物价上涨带来了下行风险。
美国劳工部周四发布的报告显示，目前尚未出现大规模裁员，这印证了金融市场的预期：鉴于这场持续近两个月的冲突推高了通胀、给全球经济带来压力，美联储今年大概率不会降息。
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“自战争爆发以来，劳动力市场变得更加脆弱，但过去两个月的失业救济申请数据未显现任何裂痕，”牛津经济研究院首席美国经济学家南希·范登·霍滕说道。“不过，我们始终认为油价飙升对劳动力市场数据的影响需要一段时间才会显现。”
截至4月18日的一周，经季节调整后的州失业救济首次申请人数增加6000人，达到21.4万人。路透社调查的经济学家此前预计当周申请人数为21万人。今年以来，申请人数始终维持在20.1万至23万的区间内。剔除每周波动因素的四周移动平均申请人数仅增加750人，达到21.075万人。
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这场战争扰乱了霍尔木兹海峡的航运，推高了石油以及化肥、石化产品和铝等其他大宗商品的价格。
2月28日战争爆发后，德黑兰实际上封锁了该海峡。经济学家担忧冲突长期化可能破坏本已脆弱的劳动力市场。
唐纳德·特朗普总统去年曾因全面征收进口关税和打击移民政策被归咎为劳动力市场受挫的原因。特朗普周二无限期延长了与伊朗的停火协议，但美国海军对伊朗港口的封锁仍在持续。
金融市场预计，美国央行将在今年年底前将基准隔夜利率维持在3.50%-3.75%区间，不过一些经济学家仍认为降息是有可能的，尤其是在劳动力市场如他们预期般恶化的情况下。
3月份美国消费者物价环比涨幅达到近四年来最高水平。燃油成本上涨已经挤压了部分企业的利润空间，美国航空（AAL.O）周四下调了2026年利润预期。
美国股市开盘走低。美元兑一篮子货币汇率上涨。
一张标题为“美国失业救济申请人数”的折线图
低招聘、低裁员的劳动力市场
此次失业救济申请数据覆盖了政府调查企业4月就业报告中非农就业人数的时段。
3月和4月调查期间的四周移动平均申请人数未发生变化。3月非农就业人数增加17.8万个，此前2月减少了13.3万个。过去15个月里，非农就业人数已有6个月出现下滑。
尽管雇主几乎没有扩大员工规模的意愿，但低裁员率仍支撑着劳动力市场。下周发布的领取失业救济金一周以上的人数（即招聘的替代指标）数据，将进一步揭示本月劳动力市场的状况。
申请报告显示，截至4月11日的一周，经季节调整后的持续申请失业救济人数增加1.2万人，达到182.1万人。
尽管持续申请人数已从去年的高位回落，但部分回落可能是因为工人的救济金已耗尽——大多数州的失业救济金领取期限最长为26周。该数据还排除了部分几乎没有或完全没有工作经历的年轻失业人群，这一群体找工作面临困难。
露西娅·穆蒂卡尼报道；奇祖·野山和保罗·西马奥编辑
我们的准则：汤姆森路透社信任原则
US labor market shows no signs of stress yet from Iran war
2026-04-23T12:40:27.203Z / Reuters
By Lucia Mutikani
April 23, 2026 12:40 PM UTC Updated 1 hour ago
A “Help Wanted” sign hangs in restaurant window in Medford, Massachusetts, U.S., January 25, 2023. REUTERS/Brian Snyder/File Photo
- Summary
- Companies
- Initial jobless claims increase 6,000 to 214,000
- Labor market appears stable during survey week for April’s nonfarm payrolls
- Continuing claims rise by 12,000 to 1.821 million
WASHINGTON, April 23 (Reuters) – The number of Americans filing claims for unemployment benefits edged up last week, pointing to continued labor market stability in April, though economic uncertainty and higher prices stemming from the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran pose downside risks.
The absence of widespread layoffs suggested by the Labor Department’s report on Thursday supports financial market expectations that the Federal Reserve will probably not cut interest rates this year as the nearly two-month conflict fans inflation and strains the global economy.
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“The labor market has become more vulnerable since the start of the war, but the claims data over the last two months show no evidence of cracks,” said Nancy Vanden Houten, lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. “However, it’s always been our expectation that the spike in oil prices would take some time to become apparent in the labor market data.”
Initial claims for state unemployment benefits rose 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 214,000 for the week ended April 18. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast 210,000 claims for the latest week. Claims remain tucked in their 201,000-230,000 range for this year. The four-week moving average of claims, which irons out week-to-week volatility, rose by only 750 to 210,750.
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The war has disrupted shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, boosting the price of oil and other commodities, including fertilizers, petrochemicals and aluminum.
Tehran effectively closed the strait after the start of the war on February 28. Economists worry a prolonged conflict could undermine an already fragile labor market.
President Donald Trump’s sweeping import tariffs and immigration crackdown were blamed for the labor market’s stumbles last year. Trump on Tuesday indefinitely extended the ceasefire with Iran, though a U.S. Navy blockade of Iranian ports remained in effect.
Financial markets expect the U.S. central bank to keep its benchmark overnight interest rate in the 3.50%-3.75% range through the end of this year, though some economists still believe a reduction in borrowing costs is possible, especially if the labor market deteriorates as they anticipate.
Monthly consumer prices increased by the most in nearly four years in March. Higher fuel costs are already hurting margins for some businesses, with American Airlines (AAL.O) on Thursday cutting its 2026 profit forecast.
U.S. stocks opened lower. The dollar rose against a basket of currencies.
A line chart with the title ‘US unemployment claims’
LOW-HIRE, LOW-FIRE LABOR MARKET
The claims data covered the period during which the government surveyed businesses for the nonfarm payrolls component of April’s employment report.
The four-week average of claims was unchanged between the March and April survey periods. Payrolls increased by 178,000 jobs in March after declining by 133,000 in February. Payrolls have dropped in six of the last 15 months.
The labor market has remained anchored by low layoffs, even as employers show little appetite for expanding headcount. Data next week on the number of people receiving unemployment benefits after an initial week of aid, a proxy for hiring, will shed more light on the state of the labor market this month.
The so-called continuing claims increased 12,000 to a seasonally adjusted 1.821 million during the week ended April 11, the claims report showed.
While continuing claims have retreated from last year’s highs, the decline could partly be due to workers exhausting benefits, which are capped at 26 weeks in most states. The data also excludes some unemployed young people with little or no work history, a group that is facing difficulties finding work.
Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and Paul Simao
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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