2026-07-14T10:59:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：乔安妮·斯托克 核实制片人
乔安妮·斯托克是哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的核实制片人。她曾担任库尔德斯坦24英语频道主编及《国防邮报》执行主编，拥有超过15年的经验，结合开源调查方法与实地报道，涵盖冲突、恐怖主义和虚假信息领域。
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更新时间：2026年7月14日 / 美国东部时间下午12:06 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
行业专家表示，如果特朗普总统兑现其声明，将对途经霍尔木兹海峡的货物征收20%的费用，那么大型船只每批货物的成本可能超过3000万美元，而物流公司则称这一举措涉嫌违法。
不过，特朗普总统周二突然改变立场，在Truth Social的一篇帖子中宣布——就像他最初提出征收费用的意图一样——他“已决定用海湾各国与美国达成的贸易和投资协定来取代20%的收费”。
特朗普未就新计划提供更多细节，海湾国家也未立即作出回应。
航运业分析师和物流公司周二早些时候对特朗普提出的征收费用以覆盖美国作为海峡“守护者”产生的安全成本的意图表示反对，称此举违法，并估算大型油轮每艘船的费用高达3000万美元以上。
目前尚不清楚特朗普政府将如何征收此类税费，但劳埃德船级社估计，对于一艘满载的大型天然气运输船，20%的费用约为1700万美元。
航运业情报公司Kpler中东及欧佩克+部门主管阿米娜·巴克周一在社交媒体帖子中表示，按当前每桶约80美元的布伦特原油价格计算，其中约16美元“将落入特朗普口袋”。
特朗普周二改变立场之前，英国皇家三军研究所欧洲分部气候、能源与国防研究员佩特拉斯·卡蒂纳斯对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示，即使布伦特原油价格跌至每桶60美元，一艘可装载约200万桶原油的满载超大型油轮的费用也将达到每批货物2400万美元。
相比之下，冲突爆发初期伊朗征收的费用据报道约为200万美元，约占超大型油轮所载石油价值的1.2%，而政府间悄悄支付的非官方款项最低仅为12万美元，劳埃德船级社表示。
卡蒂纳斯称，美国征收费用将“开启一个极其危险的潘多拉魔盒”，“因为世界其他地区的其他国家也会决定效仿征收通行费。如此一来，我们将彻底破坏本已脆弱的国际海事法”。
其他行业团体和托运人称此举属于非法行为。
2026年7月12日，伊朗阿巴斯港附近，两名男子在霍尔木兹海峡水域涉水，背景中停泊着船只。拉齐耶·普达特/ISNA/美联社
劳埃德船级社编辑理查德·米德周一写道：“无论收费标准是200美元还是2000万美元，都没有法律依据向船只收取费用，以使其有权过境国际海峡。无论此类要求来自德黑兰还是华盛顿，在很大程度上都无关紧要。危险在于，我们正在将这样一种观念正常化：世界上最重要的海上航道之一的通行权，可能取决于带有政治条件的付款。”
德国物流公司赫伯罗特周二对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示，对途经霍尔木兹海峡的货物征收任何费用都“从根本上是错误的”。
这家航运巨头的一位发言人对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示：“对通过国际水域的通行收取费用，从根本上是错误的。苏伊士运河或巴拿马运河等基础设施的通行费有所不同，因为它们反映了重大的基础设施投资。但霍尔木兹海峡并非如此。”
特朗普周一表示，美国将恢复对伊朗港口及相关船只的海军封锁，并将通过对通过这条狭窄航道的所有货物征收20%的费用，来“报销”美国在海峡提供安全保障所产生的成本。
此前，美国和德黑兰签署了一份旨在重新开放所有船只通行的谅解备忘录，美国一再谴责伊朗称其可能对使用该海峡的商业船只征收费用。
“任何国家都不得在国际水道收取通行费或费用，”美国国务卿马可·卢比奥上月表示，“这是现行国际法的规定。”
在美国和以色列于2月28日对伊朗发动联合战争之前，霍尔木兹海峡一直对商业船只自由开放。伊朗对袭击作出回应，攻击船只和海湾国家，实际上阻止了大多数托运人使用这条航道。
联合国国际海事组织周二表示，其“坚决反对对通过用于国际航行的海峡的通行收取费用”。
该组织一位发言人对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示：“仅为过境海峡而引入强制性通行费，没有任何法律依据。”
就在6月25日，卢比奥在巴林举行的海湾合作委员会会议上表示，伊朗在海峡征收通行费将作为先例，给国际航运带来“全面混乱”的风险。
“国际水道不属于任何主权国家。这是当今世界的一项基本原则，没有这一原则，世界将陷入全面混乱，”卢比奥说，“事实上，如果我们接受可以因为某条国际水道靠近本国领土就收取使用费，那么这种做法将像传染病一样在全球蔓延。”
特朗普最初宣布20%的收费计划后，油价周一大幅上涨近10%，周二早盘飙升至每桶约87美元。到周二下午，国际基准布伦特原油价格回落至每桶84美元。
能源与安全顾问迈尔斯·B·卡金斯三世周二对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示：“对已在航途中的货船立即征收20%的过境费，将延长全球供应链面临的不利成本影响；尽管特朗普总统的社交媒体公告看起来像是虚张声势，但他的原则和逻辑是合理的：安全是有代价的。”
伊朗也认同这一评估，但伊朗伊斯兰共和国外长阿巴斯·阿拉格希在社交媒体帖子中嘲笑特朗普提出的20%收费计划，称未来征收通行费“太过分了”。
“总统先生完全正确。任何为商业船只通过霍尔木兹海峡提供安全保障的人，都应该为这项服务获得补偿，”阿拉格希写道，“伊朗一直是并且将永远是海峡的守护者。20%当然太高了。我们会公平行事。”
曾在伊拉克和叙利亚领导行动的美国退役陆军上校卡金斯表示，由于伊朗战争对海峡航运的影响，海湾石油和天然气生产国“已经在实施替代路线，将物资运往市场”。他特别指出，伊拉克已优先通过管道向土耳其输送石油，并通过卡车向叙利亚运送石油。
特朗普周一的言论发表之前，阿联酋国防部表示，伊朗巡航导弹袭击了两艘使用南部航运航线、沿阿曼海岸航行的油轮，伊朗并不承认这条航线。
尽管伊朗多次发动袭击，美国仍继续鼓励商业船只使用南部航线。
Trump’s Strait of Hormuz fee would have cost millions, opened “a very dangerous Pandora’s Box,” experts say
2026-07-14T10:59:00-0400 / CBS News
By Joanne Stocker Verification producer
Joanne Stocker is a verification producer for CBS News Confirmed. She was previously chief editor of Kurdistan 24 English and managing editor at The Defense Post. She has combined open-source investigation methods with on-the-ground reporting to cover conflict, terrorism, and misinformation for over 15 years.
Read Full Bio
Updated on: July 14, 2026 / 12:06 PM EDT / CBS News
If President Trump were to make good on his declaration that the U.S. will impose a 20% fee on cargo transiting the Strait of Hormuz it could cost the largest vessels over $30 million per shipment, industry experts say, while logistics companies have called the concept illegal.
The president abruptly changed course on Tuesday, however, announcing in a Truth Social post — just as he had about his original intention to impose the fee — that he had “decided to replace the 20% fee with Trade and Investment Deals that the various Gulf States will be making into the United States.”
Mr. Trump did not offer any further detail about his new plans, and there was no immediate reaction from Gulf states.
Shipping industry analysts and logistics companies balked earlier Tuesday at Mr. Trump’s stated intention to impose a fee to cover U.S. security costs incurred as the “guardian” of the strait, calling it illegal and estimating the cost per ship at upwards of $30 million for large tankers.
It is not clear how the Trump administration would have imposed such a levy, but Lloyd’s List estimates that a 20% fee would amount to roughly $17 million for a fully laden large natural gas carrier.
At current Brent crude prices, which are hovering around $80 a barrel, about $16 per barrel “will go to Trump,” said Amena Bakr, head of Middle East and OPEC+ at the Kpler shipping industry intelligence firm, in a social media post Monday.
Even if Brent drops to $60 a barrel, the fee for a fully laden, very large crude carrier, which can carry around 2 million barrels, would have come to $24 million per shipment, Petras Katinas, a research fellow in climate, energy and defense at the RUSI Europe think tank, told CBS News on Tuesday before Mr. Trump’s about-face.
Iranian tolls imposed at the start of the conflict, in contrast, reportedly amounted to around $2 million, or about 1.2% of the value of the oil on board on a very large crude carrier, and unofficial payments made quietly between governments were as low as $120,000, Lloyd’s said.
The U.S. imposing a fee would be “opening a very dangerous Pandora’s Box,” Katinas said, “because in other parts of the world, other countries will decide they want to impose tolls as well. So, we are totally undermining international maritime law, which is already in a fragile situation.”
Other industry groups and shippers said it would be an illegal move.
Two men wade in the waters of the Strait of Hormuz with vessels anchored in the background, off Bandar Abbas, Iran, July 12, 2026. Razieh Poudat/ISNA/AP
“Whether the going rate is $200 or $20m, there is no legal basis for charging vessels to exercise their right of transit passage through an international strait,” Lloyd’s List editor Richard Meade wrote Monday. “Whether such demands originate in Tehran or Washington is largely beside the point. The danger lies in normalising the idea that access to one of the world’s most important maritime arteries can be subject to politically conditioned payments.”
Any imposition of fees on the transport of cargo through the Strait of Hormuz would be “fundamentally wrong,” German logistics company Hapag-Lloyd told CBS News on Tuesday.
“It would be fundamentally wrong to charge tolls for passage through international waters,” a spokesperson for the shipping giant told CBS News. “Tolls for infrastructure such as the Suez Canal or Panama Canal are different, because they reflect major infrastructure investments. That is not the case in the Strait of Hormuz.”
Mr. Trump said Monday that the U.S. was reinstating its naval blockade of Iranian ports and associated vessels, and that it would be “reimbursed” for costs associated with providing security in the strait with the 20% fee on all cargo shipped through the narrow passage.
The U.S. has repeatedly condemned Iran for saying it could impose fees on commercial vessels using the strait after Washington and Tehran signed a memorandum of understanding intended to reopen the passage to all ships.
“No country is allowed to charge tolls or fees on an international waterway,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said last month. “That’s existing international law.”
The strait was always free and open to commercial traffic before the U.S. and Israel launched their joint war with Iran on Feb. 28. Iran responded to the assault by attacking ships and Gulf states, effectively deterring most shippers from using the waterway.
The United Nations’ International Maritime Organization said Tuesday it was “firmly against charging fees for passage through straits used for international navigation.”
“There is no legal basis through which to introduce mandatory tolls simply to transit through a strait,” an IMO spokesperson told CBS News.
As recently as June 25, Rubio told a Gulf Cooperation Council meeting in Bahrain that Iranian tolls in the strait would risk “total chaos” as a precedent for international shipping.
“International waterways do not belong to any nation state. This is a foundational principle in the world today, without which the world would be in total chaos,” Rubio said. “If, in fact, we accepted that you can charge money to use an international waterway because it happens to be near your territorial space, well then this will spread throughout the world like a contagion.”
Oil prices surged to about $87 a barrel Tuesday morning after rising almost 10% Monday when Mr. Trump first announced the 20% fee. The cost of a barrel of international benchmark Brent crude was back down to $84 a barrel by Tuesday afternoon.
“Snapping an immediate 20% transit fee on cargo ships already underway would prolong adverse cost impacts on global supply chains; though it seems that President Trump’s social media announcement is bluster, his principle and logic are sound: security has a price,” energy and security consultant Myles B. Caggins III told CBS News on Tuesday.
Iran agreed with that assessment, but the Islamic Republic’s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, mocked President Trump’s declaration of a 20% fee, saying in a social media post that was “too much” for future tolls.
“POTUS is absolutely right. Whoever provides secure and safe passage of commercial vessels through the Strait of Hormuz should be compensated for this service,” Araghchi wrote. “Iran has always been the GUARDIAN of the Strait and will remain so FOREVER. 20% is of course too much. We will be fair.”
Caggins, a retired U.S. Army colonel who has led operations in Iraq and Syria, said Gulf oil and gas producers were “already implementing alternate routes to get supplies to market” due to the impact of the Iran war on traffic through the strait. He said specifically that Iraq had moved to prioritize oil shipments via pipelines to Turkey, and by truck to Syria.
Mr. Trump’s comments on Monday came after the United Arab Emirates’ defense ministry said Iranian cruise missiles struck two oil tankers using a southern shipping route through the strait, along the coast of Oman, which Tehran does not accept.
The U.S. has continued to encourage commercial ships to use the southern route despite repeated attacks by Iran.
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