2026-06-26T10:00:27.693Z / https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/26/politics/supreme-court-temporary-protected-status-haitians
截至周四上午，数十万海地人和数千名叙利亚人原本可以在美国合法生活和工作。如今，他们的工作许可即将到期，驱逐保护措施也将被终止，这让他们陷入法律困境。
这场命运的骤变源于最高法院的一项裁决，该裁决认定美国国土安全部在决定延长或终止一项名为“临时保护身份”的人道主义救济形式时拥有广泛裁量权。
这是特朗普政府及其大规模驱逐承诺的重大胜利。尽管此案仅涉及约35万持有临时保护身份的海地人和6000名叙利亚人，但其影响可能波及另外11个国家的数十万国民。这场冲击波将波及他们所居住的社区以及他们供职的行业。
“这将是美国历史上规模最大的无证身份合法化逆转事件，”阿希兰·阿鲁拉南坦说道，他曾在最高法院为叙利亚人的临时保护身份案件辩护，目前是加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院的法学教授。
最高法院以6票赞成、3票反对的结果裁定，下级法院无权推翻国土安全部关于临时保护身份指定的决定。该身份允许来自遭遇人道主义危机或自然灾害的国家的国民在美国合法生活和工作，只要临时保护身份指定仍然有效。
目前共有17个国家的国民享有临时保护身份。特朗普政府已推动终止其中13个国家的该身份。
周四，最高法院共作出两项有利于特朗普政府的移民相关裁决。另一项同样以6票赞成、3票反对的裁决为特朗普政府恢复一项有争议的边境政策扫清了道路，该政策允许系统性地拒绝南部边境的移民入境。
两项裁决结合在一起，为本届政府及其后续政府在允许哪些人入境美国方面提供了更大的自由度。
“得益于这些裁决，我们现在拥有了更多重要工具来继续保障边境安全，”美国国土安全部总法律顾问詹姆斯·珀西瓦尔在一份声明中说道。
而最高法院尚未作出的可能是最重要的移民相关裁决：它将很快就特朗普政府旨在终结延续一个多世纪的出生地公民权的行政令作出裁决。数十万在美国出生、父母为非公民的婴儿的公民身份悬而未决。
尽管周四的两项裁决都具有广泛影响，但考虑到美国南部边境的过境人数仍然低迷，临时保护身份裁决的影响可能会更快显现。目前尚不清楚保护措施何时会被取消，这使得临时保护身份受益人面临被驱逐的风险，不过预计这一过程将持续数月。
鉴于最高法院的裁决，针对政府撤销多个国家临时保护身份的法律挑战很可能会被驳回，这将允许政府推进其计划。这意味着那些根据政府拟撤销的身份保护免于被驱逐的人将失去该保护，包括他们的工作许可。
特朗普政府辩称，临时保护身份指定原本就是临时性的，来自已被列入指定名单国家的公民享受驱逐保护的时间已经远超其国家恢复安全的时间。
但海地数十年来一直遭受自然灾害、政治动荡和暴力冲击，国家局势持续动荡。自2021年总统遇刺以来，该国基本处于帮派控制之下。
海地最初获得临时保护身份源于2010年的7.0级地震。当时，国土安全部认定鉴于地震后的局势，已在美国境内的海地国民应获得临时保护，免于被遣返。
这一救济措施多次得到延长，最近一次是在2021年总统若弗内尔·莫伊兹遇刺之后，直到特朗普政府将其终止。
周四的裁决出台之际，委内瑞拉刚刚遭遇了两场地震——这类灾害此前会被认为足以让该国符合临时保护身份的资格——造成数十人死亡、数百人受伤。
前国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆曾推动终止美国境内委内瑞拉人的临时保护身份。据一名美国官员透露，截至周四，由马克韦恩·马林领导的国土安全部并未打算改变立场，在本周地震后延长美国境内委内瑞拉人的保护措施。
移民律师敦促受影响国家的民众尽快寻求其他合法移民途径。
“不要等到被移民海关执法局逮捕时才考虑此事，”俄亥俄州代顿市“基本法律平等倡导者”事务所的管理律师凯蒂·克什说道，“移民系统运转非常缓慢，在最后关头紧急处理事务难度极大。”
目前居住在美国的临时保护身份持有者的未来可能因个人情况而异。曾在最高法院审理的案件中代表海地临时保护身份持有者的律师杰弗里·皮波利表示，部分人可能有合法留在美国的途径。
“这不是非黑即白的问题。他们能否留下将取决于具体的事实和情况，无法一概而论，需要逐案处理，”他说道。
但他补充道，被驱逐者可能会面临极其严重的后果。
“成千上万的人将死于暴力、本可避免的死亡。这就是底线，也是过去八个月来让我夜不能寐的原因，”皮波利说道。
一些共和党人曾警告特朗普政府终止海地人临时保护身份的举措。纽约共和党议员迈克·劳勒在X平台上发文称，尽管他从未质疑总统终止临时保护身份指定的权力，但他反对“在当前这个时候”终止针对海地人的该身份。
“海地国内的局势是一场人道主义和政治灾难，仍然值得延长保护期限，”劳勒所在的选区拥有大量海地侨民，他写道。
维权人士已呼吁国会考虑立法，在特朗普政府任期内延长海地人的临时保护身份。
强烈支持海地临时保护身份持有者的俄亥俄州共和党州长迈克·德文称周四的最高法院裁决是“一个错误”，将损害该州乃至整个国家的经济。这些移民 revitalized（振兴了）诸如俄亥俄州斯普林菲尔德这样的社区。
“根据今天的裁决，在俄亥俄州（主要集中在斯普林菲尔德地区）合法居住的1万多名海地人现在将沦为非法居留，面临立即被驱逐的风险，”德文在一份声明中说道，“这也意味着，尽管这些海地人昨天还在为我们的社区和经济做贡献，但今天雇佣他们已属违法行为。”
特朗普在首届任期内就将海地人作为特别仇视的目标。在2024年竞选期间，斯普林菲尔德的海地社区多次遭到特朗普及其时任竞选搭档JD·万斯的诋毁，两人均 falsely（虚假地）声称该城市的移民在食用宠物。
斯普林菲尔德的一名牧师在周四的裁决后对记者表示，这可能会给这座城市带来“悲剧”。
“我们这座城市已经衰落了50年，”中央基督教教堂的牧师卡尔·鲁比说道，“海地人的到来是半个世纪以来我们首次实现人口增长。”
商业团体警告称，将海地临时保护身份持有者逐出劳动力市场将对众多雇主、行业乃至整体经济产生重大影响。
根据关注移民问题、支持海地人临时保护身份的政策与倡导组织FWD.us的分析，2025年初近19万海地临时保护身份持有者处于就业状态。他们为美国经济贡献了约59亿美元，同时缴纳了16亿美元的联邦、薪资、州和地方税款。
“这项裁决对数十万已在美国各地社区扎根的临时保护身份持有者来说是毁灭性的打击，重要的是，对我们的经济也是如此，因为我们将失去来自医疗保健、酒店、建筑等关键行业的长期经过 vetted（审查）且技能娴熟的工人，”美国商业移民联盟行动组织首席执行官丽贝卡·施在一份声明中说道。
IHRMC酒店及度假村首席执行官简·高塔姆可能不得不在裁决后裁掉佛罗里达州数十家酒店中约20%的员工。
没有这些工人，他有时可能不得不关闭部分客房，因为酒店无法及时为下一批客人准备好房间。此外，他还需要花费时间寻找新员工——这本身已是一项艰巨的任务——并为每位新员工支付数千美元的培训费用。
“这些海地临时保护身份工人大多愿意在任何情况下工作，打扫肮脏的厕所和房间，只为养活自己的家人，”身为美国商业移民联盟成员的高塔姆说道，“与此同时，他们也在缴纳税款。”
本已面临严重人手短缺的老年护理行业也在为该裁决对养老院、辅助生活设施和家庭护理服务的影响做准备，因为许多员工都是海地临时保护身份持有者。一些机构可能不得不限制入院人数或服务请求，直到他们能够招聘到更多员工。
劳雷尔岭康复与护理中心执行主任科林·奥利里担心自己将如何替换可能不得不解雇的约10名核心员工。但更让他担忧的是这对波士顿这家机构的115名居民的影响。
“你会失去那些与我们的老年人建立了深厚关系的、非常贴心的护理人员，”他说道。
After Supreme Court’s TPS decision, more than a million immigrants face scramble to stay in US
2026-06-26T10:00:27.693Z / https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/26/politics/supreme-court-temporary-protected-status-haitians
Until Thursday morning, hundreds of thousands of Haitians were legally living and working in the United States, along with thousands of Syrians. Now, their work permits are set to expire and their deportation protections will be terminated, throwing them in legal limbo.
The abrupt change in fate stems from the Supreme Court decision which found that the Department of Homeland Security had broad discretion in determining when to extend or terminate a form of humanitarian relief known as Temporary Protected Status.
It was a major victory for the Trump administration and its mass deportation pledge. And while the case was focused on the roughly 350,000 Haitians and 6,000 Syrians who have TPS protection, its repercussions stand to affect hundreds of thousands of additional nationals from 11 other countries. The shockwaves will be felt throughout the communities where they live and the industries in which they work.
“It would be the largest dedocumentization event of people in US history,” said Ahilan Arulanantham, who argued the Syrian TPS case before the Supreme Court and is a law professor at UCLA School of Law.
In a 6-3 decision, the court said lower courts had no ability to overrule DHS’s decisions on the TPS designation, which allows nationals from certain countries that are experiencing humanitarian or natural crises to legally live and work in the US as long as the TPS designation is valid.
Seventeen countries have TPS designation. The Trump administration has moved to end that status for 13 of them.
The court’s decision on Temporary Protected Status was one of two immigration-related wins it handed to the Trump administration on Thursday. In a separate decision, also 6-3, the court cleared the way for the Trump administration to resume a controversial policy that allowed it to systematically turn away migrants from the southern border.
Combined, the decisions give the administration — and those that follow — greater latitude on who is allowed to be in the United States.
“Thanks to these decisions, we now have several more important tools to continue securing our borders,” said Department of Homeland Security General Counsel James Percival in a statement.
And potentially the biggest immigration-related decision from the Supreme Court remains pending: it is due to rule shortly on the Trump administration’s executive order seeking to end birthright citizenship as it’s been understood for more than century. The citizenship of hundreds of thousands of babies born in the US to certain non-citizen parents hangs in the balance.
While both of Thursday’s decisions have wide-ranging implications, the effects of the court’s TPS decision are likely to be felt more immediately, given that crossings at the US southern border remain low. It’s unclear when the stripping of protections will happen, making TPS beneficiaries vulnerable for removal, though it’s expected to unfold over the course of months.
Legal challenges against the administration over revoking TPS for multiple countries will likely be dismissed because of the court’s decision – allowing the administration to move forward with its plans. That means that people who are protected from deportation under designations that the administration has moved to revoke would have those protections stripped, including their work permits.
The Trump administration has argued that TPS designations were always meant to be temporary, and that citizens from countries which are included under the designations have taken advantage of protections against deportation far past when it was safe to return to their homes.
But Haiti has experienced decades worth of natural disasters, political turmoil and violence that has destabilized the country. Since the assassination of its president in 2021, the country has essentially been operating under gang control.
Haiti’s original TPS designation stemmed from a 7.0-magnitude earthquake in 2010. At the time, DHS determined Haitian nationals already in the US should be granted temporary protections from being sent back to their country, given the conditions following that earthquake.
That relief has been extended, most recently after President Jovenel Moïse’s 2021 assassination, until being terminated by the Trump administration.
Thursday’s ruling also came against the backdrop of a pair of earthquakes – the type of disasters that previous administrations would have considered making a country eligible for TPS – that struck Venezuela, killing scores and wounding hundreds.
Former DHS Secretary Kristi Noem moved to terminate TPS for Venezuelans in the United States. As of Thursday, DHS, which is now led by Secretary Markwayne Mullin, is not planning to reverse course and extend protections to Venezuelans in the US in the wake of this week’s earthquakes, according to a US official.
Immigration attorneys are urging people from the affected countries to seek any other legal immigration pathways as quickly as possible.
“Do not wait until you are being arrested by ICE to think about this,” said Katie Kersh, managing attorney at Advocates for Basic Legal Equality in Dayton, Ohio. “The immigration system moves very slowly. It’s very difficult to get something done as an emergency at the last minute.”
The future of TPS holders currently living in the United States could vary based on a person’s circumstances. Some may have options to remain legally in the United States, said Geoffrey Pipoly, one of the attorneys who represented Haitian TPS holders in the case that was heard before the Supreme Court.
“It’s not an all or nothing thing. It’s going to depend on individual facts and circumstances whether they have a right to remain. It’s not a question I can answer in general, it’s going to be case by case,” he said.
But, he added, the consequences could be dire for those who are deported.
“Many, many people are going to die violent, needless deaths. That’s the bottom line. That’s the thing that’s kept me up nights for the past eight months,” Pipoly said.
Some Republicans have warned against the Trump administration’s push to end TPS for Haitians. Rep. Mike Lawler, a New York Republican, said in a post on X that, while he has never questioned the president’s ability to end TPS designations, he disagrees with the push to end the one for Haitians “at this time.”
“The situation on the ground in Haiti is a humanitarian and political disaster and continues to warrant an extension,” Lawler, whose district contains a large Haitian diaspora, wrote.
Advocates have asked Congress to consider legislation that would extend TPS for Haitians through the Trump administration.
Republican Gov. Mike DeWine of Ohio, who has strongly supported Haitian TPS holders, called Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling “a mistake” that will hurt the state and its economy, as well as the nation. The immigrants have revitalized communities such as Springfield, Ohio,
“As a result of today’s ruling, the over 10,000 Haitians who have been living in Ohio (mostly in the Springfield area) legally through TPS will now be here illegally and will be subject to immediate deportation,” DeWine said in a statement. “This also means that while these Haitians were working and contributing to our community and economy yesterday, today it is now illegal to employ them.”
Haitians have become a target of particular vitriol for Trump stemming from his first administration. During the 2024 campaign, the Haitian community in Springfield was repeatedly denigrated by Trump and his then-running mate, JD Vance, both of whom falsely claimed immigrants in that city were eating pets.
A pastor in Springfield told reporters after Thursday’s decision that it could spell a “tragedy” for the city.
“We’re a city that had been in decline for 50 years,” Pastor Carl Ruby of Central Christian Church said. “When Haitians arrived, that was the first time we grew in half a century.”
Removing Haitian TPS holders from the workforce will have a major impact on many employers and industries, as well as the economy as a whole, business groups warned.
Nearly 190,000 Haitian TPS holders were employed in early 2025, according to an analysis by FWD.us, a policy and advocacy organization focused on immigration that supports TPS for Haitians. They contribute an estimated $5.9 billion to the US economy, as well as pay $1.6 billion in federal, payroll, state and local taxes.
“The decision is a devastating setback for the hundreds of thousands of TPS holders who have built their lives in communities across America and, importantly, for our economy as we stand to lose long term, vetted and skilled workers in critical sectors from healthcare to hospitality to construction and beyond,” Rebecca Shi, CEO of American Business Immigration Coalition Action, said in a statement.
Jan Gautam, CEO of IHRMC Hotels & Resorts, will likely have to lay off roughly 20% of his staff at dozens of hotels in Florida in the wake of the ruling.
Without the workers, he could have to keep some rooms closed at times because the hotels won’t be able to promptly prepare them for the next guests. Plus, he’ll have to spend time finding new employees – already a challenging task – and shell out thousands of dollars training each of them.
“Most of these Haitian TPS workers are willing to work in any situation, cleaning dirty toilets and dirty rooms, to take care of their own families,” said Gautam, who is a member of the American Business Immigration Coalition. “At the same time, they also pay taxes.”
The elder care industry, which is already facing a severe staffing shortage, is also bracing for what the decision will mean for nursing homes, assisted living facilities and home care since many of their employees are Haitian TPS holders. Some may have to limit admissions or requests for service until they can hire more workers.
Colin O’Leary, executive director at Laurel Ridge Rehabilitation & Skilled Care Center, is concerned about how he’ll be able to replace the roughly 10 key staffers that he’ll likely have to let go. But even more than that, he’s worried about the impact on the 115 residents at the Boston facility.
“You lose very caring caregivers that have established relationships with our seniors,” he said.
发表回复