2026-06-22 20:39:25 UTC / 路透社
作者：雅各布·博亚奇 亚历山德拉·阿尔珀
2026年6月22日 晚上8:39 UTC 更新于8分钟前
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2026年6月22日，美国华盛顿白宫椭圆形办公室，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在签署量子计算相关行政令当天发表讲话。路透社/乔纳森·恩斯特
[1/4]2026年6月22日，美国华盛顿白宫椭圆形办公室，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在签署量子计算相关行政令当天发表讲话。路透社/乔纳森·恩斯特 购买授权，将在新标签页打开
相关企业
国际商业机器公司（IBM）
Infleqtion公司
华盛顿6月22日路透电 — 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于周一下令启动研发一台用于科学研究的超级量子计算机，并加快推进保护政府系统免受相关网络威胁的工作，以此强化美国在与中国的量子技术竞赛中的优势地位。量子技术有望颠覆科学研究和网络安全领域格局。
白宫科技政策办公室主任迈克尔·克拉齐奥斯在一场预览该举措的电话会议上表示：“我们相信到2028年就能实现这一目标。”他所指的正是这台量子计算机。
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特朗普签署了两项行政令，其中一项旨在保护政府计算机免受量子计算机驱动的网络攻击，目标是在2030年或2031年前将关键政府计算系统迁移至后量子加密技术。
量子计算机利用量子物理定律处理信息，能够以远超当前超级计算机的速度解决某些复杂问题。它们可以破解目前保护计算机免受黑客攻击的加密技术，这引发了人们对大规模网络攻击的担忧。
这些行政令凸显了特朗普政府对确保美国在量子竞赛中领先中国的重视——量子技术有望推动人工智能、材料科学和化学领域的进步，同时也能防范该技术带来的网络安全威胁。
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另一项行政令还要求五角大楼在2028年前部署量子传感器。这类传感器可帮助飞机在全球定位系统被干扰的战区导航，若搭载在卫星上，还可用于从太空探测地下活动，比如隧道或导弹发射井的建设。
“在量子计算普及之前，量子传感就能带来诸多有趣的应用，”出席椭圆形办公室行政令签署仪式的Infleqtion公司首席执行官马修·金塞拉说道，“实现这类目标的时间节点是可行的。”
上月，美国商务部宣布将向九家量子计算公司投资20亿美元，其中包括IBM（纽约证券交易所代码：IBM.N，将在新标签页打开）的新合资企业。
克拉齐奥斯表示，其中一项行政令还旨在加强知识产权保护和供应链安全措施方面的国际合作，“鉴于竞争对手和敌对势力试图破坏美国的经济和国家安全”。
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该一揽子措施中的另一项指令要求各机构在未来五年内制定部署量子传感器和网络的计划。
雅各布·博亚奇、亚历山德拉·阿尔珀 报道；霍华德·戈勒、林肯·菲斯特 编辑
我们的报道准则：路透社诚信原则，将在新标签页打开
Trump signs orders calling for powerful quantum computer, targeting 2028
2026-06-22 20:39:25 UTC / Reuters
By Jacob Bogage and Alexandra Alper
June 22, 2026 8:39 PM UTC Updated 8 mins ago
Item 1 of 4 U.S. President Donald Trump speaks on the day he signs an executive order regarding Quantum Computing, in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 22, 2026. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst
[1/4]U.S. President Donald Trump speaks on the day he signs an executive order regarding Quantum Computing, in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 22, 2026. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
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WASHINGTON, June 22 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump on Monday ordered a push to build a powerful quantum computer for scientific research and speed efforts to protect government systems from related cyber threats, bolstering U.S. efforts in its race with China for a technology that could upend science and cybersecurity.
“We believe this can happen by 2028,” Michael Kratsios, director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, said in a call previewing the moves and referring to the quantum computer.
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Trump signed two executive orders, one of which seeks to protect government computers against quantum computer-fueled cyberattacks by setting a goal of migrating key government computing systems to post-quantum cryptography by 2030 or 2031.
Quantum computers use the laws of quantum physics to process information in ways that can solve certain complex problems far faster than even today’s supercomputers. They could unscramble the encryption that protects computers from hacking, raising fears of aggressive cyberattacks.
The orders underscore the importance the Trump administration places on securing U.S. leadership in the quantum race against China – which could fuel advances in artificial intelligence, materials science and chemistry – while also protecting against the cybersecurity threats posed by the technology.
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The order also calls for the Pentagon to deploy quantum sensors by 2028. Such sensors can help aircraft navigate in war zones where global positioning systems have been disrupted and, when put in satellites, could also be used to detect underground activity such as the construction of tunnels or missile silos from space.
“There’s lots of interesting things quantum sensing can bring before quantum computing,” said Matthew Kinsella, CEO of Infleqtion , who attended the signing of the order in the Oval Office. “It’s possible to meet these types of timelines.”
Last month, the Commerce Department announced it would take $2 billion in equity stakes across nine quantum-computing companies, including a new IBM (IBM.N), opens new tab venture.
One of the orders also aims to strengthen international cooperation on intellectual property protections and supply chain security measures “in light of competitors and adversaries looking to undermine U.S. economic and national security,” Kratsios said.
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Another measure included in the package instructs agencies to develop plans for deploying quantum-enabled sensors and networks in the next five years.
Reporting by Jacob Bogage and Alexandra Alper; Editing by Howard Goller and Lincoln Feast.
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