2026年6月12日 / 美国东部时间上午10:56 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
埃隆·马斯克的火箭与卫星公司完成史上规模最大的首次公开募股（IPO），即将于本周五正式挂牌交易，这标志着其期待已久的华尔街首秀落地。
SpaceX于周四将每股发行价定为135美元，募资750亿美元，将用于推进其雄心勃勃的计划，包括在火星建立人类殖民地，以及在太空中部署太阳能数据中心。
该股将于纳斯达克交易所美国东部时间上午9:30开盘后开始交易，股票代码为“SPCX”。
此次IPO规模远超沙特阿美，成为全球规模最大的首次公开募股。据文艺复兴资本数据，2019年沙特国有石油公司上市时募资近260亿美元，曾保持IPO纪录至今。
火箭、卫星与人工智能
SpaceX由埃隆·马斯克于2002年创立，为卫星运营商、美国国家航空航天局（NASA）、国防部及其他客户开发并发射航天器。其业务包括提供宽带连接的卫星部门星链（Starlink），以及专注于建造数据中心的人工智能部门。
SpaceX还于今年2月收购了马斯克旗下的xAI公司，该公司运营社交平台X及聊天机器人Grok。
SpaceX此次公开募股获得了投资者的热烈追捧，彭博社周四报道称，本次IPO收到的散户订单总额超过1000亿美元。
此次IPO使SpaceX的市场估值达到1.77万亿美元，这家总部位于得克萨斯州的制造商也因此跻身华尔街市值最高的企业之列。据FactSet数据，SpaceX目前仅次于市值约5万亿美元的全球最有价值公司英伟达，同时也落后于其他几家科技巨头。
佛罗里达大学沃灵顿商学院IPO专家、教授杰伊·里特表示，尽管SpaceX估值颇高，但在营收和盈利能力方面仍落后于其他科技巨头。该公司目前尚未实现盈利，去年营收为187亿美元，远低于字母表公司（Alphabet）2025年4000亿美元的销售额。
“字母表、苹果和英伟达的年税后利润均超过1000亿美元，”他在IPO前表示，“要赶上这些巨型企业的盈利能力，SpaceX还有很长的路要走。”
事实上，SpaceX在实现其大胆的太空商业化计划——包括用人工智能驱动的卫星环绕地球——并证明其巨额估值合理的道路上，仍将面临诸多严峻挑战。
“有理由认为这家公司的估值应该更低，”追踪IPO市场的文艺复兴资本高级市场策略师马修·肯尼迪说道，“但与此同时，有些股票估值偏高却能长期维持高估值，这也是事实。”
多位专家预计，SpaceX股票在上市初期将出现波动，这也是大型IPO的常见现象。Truist对30宗大型科技IPO的分析显示，超过一半的上市企业在股票交易启动后的一年里出现了负回报。
万亿美元富豪
此次IPO使已身为全球首富的SpaceX首席执行官埃隆·马斯克，在账面上成为了万亿富翁。根据IPO备案文件，马斯克持有SpaceX48亿股股票，约占公司总股本的42%，此外还拥有3.5亿份股票期权。他掌握着公司82.4%的投票权，将继续对SpaceX的未来拥有重大控制权。
SpaceX股票预计将在未来几日纳入包括纳斯达克100指数和罗素指数在内的多个指数。这将为更多投资者铺平道路，包括持有401(k)退休计划的美国民众，使其有望成为公司股东。
SpaceX已于今年4月提交了保密首次公开募股申请，该公司表示，其业务覆盖的行业整体市场规模超过28万亿美元。
在线经纪商Exness的金融市场分析师范哈·特林分析称，其中90%的市场潜力都来自xAI。这也印证了SpaceX的观点：其人工智能能力将推动公司增长。
SpaceX set to begin trading after raising $75 billion in record IPO
June 12, 2026 / 10:56 AM EDT / CBS News
SpaceX is set to begin trading Friday after completing the largest initial public offering in history, marking the long-awaited Wall Street debut of Elon Musk’s rocket and satellite company.
SpaceX on Thursday priced its shares at $135 each, raising $75 billion to finance its ambitious plans, including establishing a human colony on Mars and deploying solar-powered data centers in space.
The shares will start trading after the Nasdaq Stock Exchange opens at 9:30 a.m. ET under the ticker symbol “SPCX.”
The offering leapfrogs SpaceX to become the largest global IPO, surpassing the current record holder, Saudi Aramco. When the state-owned Saudi Arabian oil company went public in 2019, it raised nearly $26 billion, according to Renaissance Capital.
Rockets, satellites and AI
SpaceX, which Elon Musk founded in 2002, develops and launches spacecraft for satellite operators, NASA, the Department of Defense and other customers. The business includes Starlink, a satellite division that provides broadband connectivity, and an artificial intelligence division focused on building data centers.
SpaceX in February also acquired Musk’s company xAI, which runs the social networking platform X and chatbot Grok.
SpaceX’s public stock offering has generated strong investor interest, with Bloomberg reporting on Thursday that the IPO received more than $100 billion in retail orders.
The IPO gives SpaceX a market valuation of $1.77 trillion, making the Texas-based manufacturer one of Wall Street’s most valuable companies. SpaceX trails Nvidia, the world’s most valuable company, which has a market cap of roughly $5 trillion, according to FactSet, as well as a handful of other tech companies.
Although SpaceX has a high valuation, it lags other tech giants in terms of revenue and profitability, said Jay Ritter, an IPO expert and professor at the University of Florida’s Warrington College of Business. SpaceX, which is unprofitable, booked $18.7 billion in revenue last year, far less than Alphabet’s $400 billion in 2025 sales.
“Alphabet, Apple and Nvidia are producing annual after-tax profits of more than $100 billion a year,” he said prior to the IPO. “There’s a long way to go to catch up with the profitability of those mega caps.”
Indeed, SpaceX will face significant challenges in delivering on its bold plan to develop space for commercial ventures, including ringing the earth with AI-powered satellites, and to justify its massive valuation.
“I can see the argument for why this company should deserve a lower valuation,” said Matthew Kennedy, a senior market strategist at Renaissance Capital, which tracks IPOs. “At the same time, it is true that some stocks are expensive and stay expensive.”
Many experts expect SpaceX stock to be volatile in its early days of trading, as is common with other large IPOs. A Truist analysis of 30 sizable technology IPOs found that more than half the offerings posted negative returns a year after their shares started trading.
The trillion dollar man
The IPO has made SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, already the world’s richest person, a trillionaire— at least on paper. Musk owns 4.8 billion shares of SpaceX, or about 42% of the company, as well as 350 million stock options, according to the IPO filing. With 82.4% of the company’s voting power, he will continue to wield significant control over SpaceX’s future.
SpaceX shares are expected to launch on several indexes, including the Nasdaq 100 and Russell indices, in the coming days. That could pave the way for more investors, including Americans with 401(k) plans, to become potential shareholders.
SpaceX, which had filed for a confidential initial public offering in April, said that it sees a market opportunity of more than $28 trillion across the industries it operates in.
Of that, 90% is attributed to xAi alone, according to an analysis by Van Ha Trinh, financial markets analyst at the online broker Exness. That points to SpaceX’s belief that its AI capabilities will fuel its growth.
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