2026年6月12日 / 美国东部时间上午10:42 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）授予尼滕吡胺紧急使用授权，这是一种用于治疗犬猫新热带嗜人锥蝇侵染的药物。这也是首款获批用于对抗这种食肉寄生虫的通用动物药物。
FDA在周四的一份声明中表示，尼滕吡胺片剂适用于体重至少2磅、年龄至少4周的犬猫。尼滕吡胺曾于2000年以商品名Capstar获得FDA批准，用于治疗跳蚤感染。
FDA依靠紧急使用授权在紧急情况下加快治疗手段的获批流程。
新热带嗜人锥蝇的幼虫以活体组织和体液为食，而非腐肉。雌性成虫在仅交配一次后，会在数月的生命周期内将卵产在开放性伤口和黏膜处。这种幼虫可以侵染任何温血动物，包括野生动物、宠物，偶尔甚至会感染人类。
根据FDA的情况说明书，巴西针对感染嗜人锥蝇的犬猫开展的研究显示，绝大多数蛆虫在使用尼滕吡胺治疗后被排出体外，剩余幼虫则会死亡。FDA周四表示，动物接受尼滕吡胺片剂治疗后，可能需要由兽医移除体内仍存活或已死亡的幼虫。
新热带嗜人锥蝇曾在1930年代至1960年代期间，每年对美国的养牛业造成季节性灾害，当时被认为已在美国境内根除。但据政府官员透露，最近几周得克萨斯州的牛群以及新墨西哥州的一只狗均发现了新的感染病例。
FDA周四表示：“尼滕吡胺起效迅速，首次给药后数小时内即可杀死大部分嗜人锥蝇幼虫。宠物主人应在首次给药6小时后再给予第二剂。”
不过FDA补充道，由于该药物作用时效较短，无法为动物提供针对新侵染的持续防护。
https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/video/screwworm-pet-treatment-gets-emergency-approval-by-fda/
FDA clears emergency use of drug to fight screwworm infections in pets
June 12, 2026 / 10:42 AM EDT / CBS News
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for nitenpyram, a medication to treat New World screwworm infestations in dogs and cats. It is the first generic animal drug approved for use against the flesh-eating parasite.
Nitenpyram tablets can be used in dogs and cats that weigh at least two pounds and are at least four weeks old, the FDA said in a statement on Thursday. Nitenpyram was previously approved by the FDA in 2000, under the brand name Capstar, for treating fleas.
The FDA relies on emergency use authorizations to speed access to treatments in urgent situations.
The New World screwworm’s larvae eat live flesh and fluids instead of dead material, with females laying their eggs in open wounds and mucous membranes after mating only once in their monthslong lives. The larvae can infest any warm-blooded animal, including wildlife, pets and occasionally even humans.
Studies in Brazil on cats and dogs with screwworm infestations found that most of the maggots were expelled after treatment with nitenpyram, while the remaining larvae died, according to an FDA fact sheet. The agency on Thursday said that after receiving nitenpyram tablets, an animal may need to have remaining live or dead larvae removed by a veterinarian.
New World screwworm, once an annual warm-weather scourge of cattle ranchers from the 1930s through the 1960s, had been thought to be eradicated in the U.S. Several new cases have been found in cattle in Texas in recent weeks, as well as in a dog in New Mexico, according to government officials.
“Nitenpyram works quickly, killing most screwworm larvae within hours of the first dose,” the FDA said on Thursday. “Pet owners should administer a second dose six hours after the first.”
However, because the drug’s effects are short-acting, it does not provide ongoing protection against new infestations, the agency added.
https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/video/screwworm-pet-treatment-gets-emergency-approval-by-fda/
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