2026年6月11日 13:32 UTC / 路透社
2020年8月29日，美国马里兰州怀特奥克的美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）总部外的标识。路透社/安德鲁·凯利/资料图
6月11日（路透社）——美国食品药品监督管理局周四批准一款通用非处方片剂的紧急使用授权，用于治疗犬和猫的新大陆螺旋蝇蛆感染病例，此时美国政府正加大力度遏制这种寄生虫的扩散。
本月美国官员证实，得克萨斯州和新墨西哥州出现了六十多年来首批国内寄生虫感染病例，感染对象包括牛、一只山羊和一只狗。
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新大陆螺旋蝇是一种苍蝇，其幼虫以活组织为食，会通过动物的开放性伤口侵入并钻入肌肉组织。
FDA表示，尼滕吡胺片是一种速效治疗药物，可用于体重至少2磅、年龄至少4周的宠物，并补充称，预计该药物在首次给药后数小时内即可杀死大部分幼虫。
FDA称，第二次给药应在首次给药6小时后进行，但同时补充道，该药物可能无法防止再次感染，兽医可能仍需移除残留幼虫并治疗伤口。
美国官员警告称，尽管美国大多数宠物面临的风险较低，但近期去过受感染地区的动物感染风险更高。
这款分为两种剂量强度的片剂是首个通过该紧急使用途径获批的此类通用兽药。
官员们表示，此举是美国卫生与农业机构遏制该寄生虫传播、确保宠物主人负担得起治疗方案的更广泛举措的一部分。
FDA称，根据现有证据，该治疗的益处大于潜在风险。
萨希尔·潘迪 班加罗尔报道；乔纳森·阿南达 编辑
FDA grants emergency approval for over-the-counter drug to treat screwworm in pets
June 11, 2026 1:32 PM UTC / Reuters
Signage is seen outside of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) headquarters in White Oak, Maryland, U.S., August 29, 2020. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly/File Photo
June 11 (Reuters) – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday authorized the emergency use of a generic over-the-counter tablet to treat infestations caused by the New World screwworm in dogs and cats, as the government steps up efforts to contain the parasite.
U.S. officials this month confirmed the first domestic cases of the parasite in more than six decades in cattle, a goat and a dog in Texas and New Mexico.
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New World screwworm is a fly whose larvae feed on living tissue, entering animals through open wounds and burrowing into the flesh.
The agency said nitenpyram tablets, a fast-acting treatment, can be used in pets weighing at least two pounds and at least four weeks old, adding that the drug is expected to help kill most larvae within hours of the first dose.
A second dose should be given six hours after the first, the agency said, but added that the drug may not protect against reinfestation and veterinarians may still need to remove remaining larvae and treat wounds.
U.S. officials have warned that while most pets in the country face low risk, animals that have recently been in affected areas were more vulnerable.
The tablets, available in two dosage strengths, are the first generic animal drug cleared under an emergency pathway for this use.
Officials said the move was part of a broader push by U.S. health and agriculture agencies to limit the spread of the parasite and ensure pet owners have access to affordable treatment options.
The benefits of the treatment outweigh potential risks based on available evidence, the FDA said.
Reporting by Sahil Pandey in Bengaluru; Editing by Jonathan Ananda
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