2026年6月11日 / 美国东部时间早上6:00 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
2026年国际足联男子世界杯将于周四拉开帷幕，但本届赛事最令人难忘的一些时刻，或许会出现在90分钟常规时间结束后进入加时赛的阶段。
世界杯赛场上，常规比赛时间结束时双方比分平局的情况很可能出现，尤其是在赛事后期竞争激烈的阶段。在2022年国际足联男子世界杯决赛中，阿根廷队在加时赛3比3战平法国队后，通过点球大战以4比2击败对手夺冠。
以下是2026年国际足联男子世界杯的加时赛规则、平局决胜机制，以及本届赛事新增的比赛规则。
加时赛、补时与平局决胜规则
每场常规比赛时长为90分钟，分为两个45分钟的半场。不过在每个半场结束时，会根据比赛中断时间补加时长——比如球员受伤、长时间视频回放审核等情况，此时计时器不会停止。如果常规比赛时间结束后双方仍平局，则进入30分钟的加时赛。加时赛同样分为两个15分钟的半场，中间有短暂休息，两个迷你半场也会根据比赛中断情况补加时长。
加时赛仅适用于1/32决赛、1/16决赛、1/4决赛、半决赛、季军赛和决赛。小组赛阶段的比赛可以以平局收场。
如果加时赛30分钟结束后双方仍未分出胜负，则将通过五轮点球大战决定比赛结果，两队轮流从点球点射门。掷硬币决定哪支球队先罚球。
如果前五轮点球过后双方射门得分次数相同，则进入单轮决胜阶段：即一方射门得分而另一方未得分时，得分方获胜；若双方都得分或都未得分，则继续进行点球对决。
为何取消“金球制”？
所谓金球制是1998年法国世界杯和2002年日韩世界杯使用的突然死亡规则，即加时赛中率先进球的球队直接获胜。
由于教练、裁判和球员的负面反馈，国际足球协会理事会（IFAB）于2004年废除了金球制。据多项分析显示，尽管该规则初衷是为了让加时赛更加精彩，但实际上导致球员因害怕被打进制胜球而采取更加保守、防守的踢法。
2026年国际足联男子世界杯新增规则
国际足球协会理事会批准了2026年世界杯的多项新规则，其中包括延长倒计时规则的适用范围，将界外球和球门球纳入其中，以加快比赛节奏。
如果裁判认为界外球或球门球耗时过长，或是球员故意拖延时间，裁判可以启动5秒视觉倒计时。
如果倒计时结束后比赛仍未恢复进行，则判给对方球队一个角球。
国际足球协会理事会批准的另一项旨在加快比赛节奏的规则规定，当换人牌举起或裁判示意换人后，被换下的球员必须在10秒内离开球场。如果球员未能在10秒内离场，他们仍需离场，但替补球员要等到比赛恢复进行满1分钟后的下一次暂停时段才能入场。
其他新增规则还包括：接受医疗人员治疗的球员必须在比赛恢复后离场一分钟；球员在与对手对峙时捂嘴，将被出示红牌，以防止出现歧视性或攻击性言论。
球员现在若因抗议裁判判罚而离开球场，或是球队工作人员指使球员离场，都将被出示红牌。如果整支球队集体离场抗议，该队将被判弃权告负。
国际足联去年宣布，2026年世界杯每场比赛的两个半场都将增设强制性的三分钟补水休息时间。无论天气状况如何，补水休息将在每个半场进行到第22分钟时开始，而此前的赛事则需要达到特定温度阈值才会安排补水休息。
2026年世界杯视频助理裁判（VAR）的职责
2026年世界杯中，视频助理裁判（VAR）的使用范围将扩大到多个新的判罚场景。VAR最初引入的目的是解决裁判因无法看到关键细节而出现执法失误的问题。
现在VAR将负责确认角球判罚是否正确，并检查角球或任意球开出前是否存在犯规行为。
VAR还可以对以下情况进行复核：因误判第二张黄牌而出示的红牌，以及裁判因其他球员的犯规行为向球员出示红黄牌的情况。
2026年世界杯官方比赛用球阿迪达斯Trionda还搭载了运动传感器芯片，可以追踪足球的运动轨迹并向VAR系统传输数据。
How FIFA World Cup rules on extra time and tiebreakers work for 2026
June 11, 2026 / 6:00 AM EDT / CBS News
The 2026 FIFA Men’s World Cup gets underway Thursday, but some of the tournament’s most memorable moments may come after the clock hits 90 minutes and extra time is added.
Games are likely to be tied at the end of regulation at the World Cup, especially in the late stages of the tournament with a highly competitive field. At the 2022 FIFA Men’s World Cup, Argentina defeated France 4-2 on penalties after a 3-3 draw in extra time.
Here are the rules for extra time and how tiebreakers work at the 2026 FIFA Men’s World Cup, plus the new rules for this year’s tournament.
Added time, extra time and tiebreaker rules
Each match is 90 minutes, split into two 45-minute halves. At the end of each half, however, there will be added time to make up for stoppages in play — such as when a player is injured, or there is a lengthy replay review — when the clock keeps running. If a match is still tied at the end of regulation, it goes into extra time with 30 minutes added. This time will be divided into two 15-minute periods, with a short break in between, and added time also applied to those two mini-halves.
Extra time only applies to the games in the round of 32, round of 16, the quarterfinals, semifinals, third-place match and the final. Group Stage matches can end in a draw.
If a match is still tied after 30 minutes of extra time, the game will be decided in a best-of-five penalty shootout, with each team taking alternating shots from the penalty mark. A coin toss determines which team kicks first.
If the teams have hit the same number of shots after their first five penalty kicks, each subsequent round becomes sudden death, meaning if one team scores and the other doesn’t, the scoring team wins — but if both hit or both miss, the penalties continue.
Why is there no “golden goal?”
The so-called golden goal was a sudden-death rule used in the 1998 World Cup hosted by France and the 2002 World Cup held in Japan and South Korea. The rule meant that whichever team scored first in extra time would win the game.
The golden goal was abolished in 2004 by the International Football Association Board after negative feedback from coaches, referees and players. According to some analyses, the rule led to more defensive and cautious play from players too afraid to concede the game-winning goal, despite the intention of the rule to encourage more exciting play in extra time.
New rules added for the 2026 FIFA Men’s World Cup
The IFAB approved new rules for the 2026 FIFA Men’s World Cup, including expanding a countdown rule to apply to throw-ins and goal kicks to help speed up the game.
If the referee considers that a throw-in or goal kick is taking too long or is being deliberately delayed, the referee can initiate a five‑second visual countdown.
If play is not resumed before the countdown ends, the opposing team will be awarded a corner kick.
Another rule approved by the IFAB to help with the pace of the games states that players being substituted out will have 10 seconds to leave the pitch once the board marking the move is shown or the referee signals the change. If a player fails to leave within the 10 seconds, they must still exit, but the substitute will not be permitted to enter until the first stoppage after one minute of play has elapsed.
Other new rules include the provision that players who receive treatment from medical staff must leave the pitch for one minute after play resumes. Players who cover their mouths during a confrontation with an opponent will be shown a red card to prevent discriminatory or offensive comments.
Players can now receive a red card for leaving the pitch in protest of a referee’s decision or if team staff tell players to leave the pitch. If an entire team walks off the pitch in protest, they will forfeit the match.
FIFA announced last year it would add mandatory three-minute “hydration breaks” in both halves of every match at the 2026 World Cup. The breaks will occur 22 minutes into each half of every match, regardless of weather conditions, whereas in previous years a certain temperature threshold had to be met.
The video assistant referee’s role in the 2026 World Cup
In the 2026 World Cup, usage of the video assistant referee, or VAR, has been expanded to review a number of new scenarios. The VAR was initially introduced when referees could not see an important piece of information, leading to an officiating error.
The VAR will now review to make sure corner kicks have been correctly awarded and will check for fouls committed before a corner or free kick is taken.
The VAR can also review red cards arising from an incorrect second yellow card, and when the referee issues a player a red or yellow card for an offense by a different player.
The Adidas Trionda, the official match ball for the 2026 World Cup, is also equipped with a motion sensor chip that will track the ball’s movement and send data to the VAR.
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