2026年6月9日 / 美国东部时间下午2:14 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
许多美国人花了数十年时间为退休储蓄。但却只有极少数人制定了同等重要的计划，用来在停止工作后花掉这笔钱。
这一被称为“资产支取规划”的财务挑战，指的是退休人员如何提取资产来维持生活方式，同时确保自己不会用光积蓄。根据Corebridge金融集团的最新研究，仅有31%的美国人知道这个术语的含义。
缺乏规划可能导致一个退休悖论：有些退休人员极度担心自己会提前花光积蓄，以至于他们的花费远低于自身负担能力。美国员工福利研究协会5月的一份报告发现，三分之一的退休人员在85岁左右时仍拥有初始退休资产的100%甚至更多，这家非营利组织表示，这一发现可能意味着“不必要的开支不足”。
规划开支
根据Corebridge的调查，仅有29%的55岁及以上劳动者制定了从退休账户中提取资金的计划。
“我们的核心结论是，资产支取规划和资产积累规划同样重要，”个人理财专家、理财网站HerMoney联合创始人让·查茨基与Corebridge合作开展了这项研究，她对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示。
她补充道：“大多数人没有制定开支支取计划。但如果你能做到制定计划这一步，你会发现，真正动用自己辛苦攒下的钱来享受退休生活的整个体验会愉快得多，也更能让人获得掌控感。”
这项调查共采访了2210名年龄在45岁至79岁之间、拥有超过10万美元可投资资产的成年人，调查还发现，仅有6%的受访者表示，他们会因为去世时仍有积蓄留存而感到遗憾。但56%的受访者表示，他们会因为在去世前用光积蓄而感到后悔。
“你什么都不用做就能永远避免用光积蓄的情况，”Corebridge个人退休与寿险总裁布莱恩·平斯基说道。“我们希望他们采取行动，这样才能过上一直梦想的退休生活。”
退休陷阱
诚然，退休人员面临着诸多实实在在的财务风险。调查中提到的两大最主要担忧是老年医疗保健的潜在成本以及通胀对人们购买力的影响，超过七成的退休人员表示，这些因素导致他们的花费低于意愿水平。
一种被广泛提及的支取策略是“4%规则”，该规则认为，退休人员可以在退休第一年支取储蓄的4%，之后每年根据通胀调整支取金额。长期以来，这一准则一直被用作平衡开支与用光积蓄风险的经验法则。
但退休理财专家越来越倾向于将4%规则视为一个起点，而非通用解决方案。嘉信理财表示，该规则并未考虑市场波动、税费、投资费用或异常漫长的退休生涯等因素。
对于年轻一代美国人来说，这个问题可能会愈发严重。与许多年长的退休人员不同，X世代及更年轻的劳动者通常没有能够提供稳定退休收入的传统养老金，更多依赖401(k)等自主管理的储蓄计划。但美国员工福利研究协会的研究发现，拥有养老金收入的退休人员往往报告称财务状况更稳定。
因此，一些退休理财专家更强调在退休后建立可靠的收入来源，例如添加年金来补充社会保障收入。在Corebridge的调查中，近一半的受访者表示，比起在65岁时获得100万美元一次性付款，他们更希望终身获得6万美元的稳定年收入。
“我们都需要依靠市场投资，都需要跟上通胀步伐，都需要这种增长，”平斯基说道。
但他补充道，保障性收入产品可以帮助退休人员支付必要开支，并减轻他们对提前用光积蓄的担忧。
本文编辑：阿兰·谢特尔
The retirement issue most Americans don’t see coming: Spending their savings
June 9, 2026 / 2:14 PM EDT / CBS News
Many Americans spend decades saving for retirement. But far fewer have a plan for the equally important task of spending that money once they stop working.
That financial challenge, known as “decumulation,” refers to how retirees draw down their assets to fund their lifestyles while ensuring they don’t run out of money. Only 31% of Americans know what the term means, according to new research from Corebridge Financial.
The lack of planning may contribute to a retirement paradox: Some retirees are so worried about outliving their savings that they spend far less than they can afford. A May report from the Employee Benefit Research Institute found that one-third of retirees still had 100% or more of their initial retirement assets by their mid-80s, a finding the nonprofit group said could indicate “unnecessary underspending.”
Planning to spend
Only 29% of workers age 55 and older have a plan for withdrawing money from their retirement accounts, according to Corebridge.
“The big takeaway is that the plan for decumulation is as important as the plan for accumulation,” Jean Chatzky, a personal finance expert and co-founder of finance site HerMoney, who collaborated with Corebridge on the research, told CBS News.
She added, “Most people do not have a plan for spending down. But if you can get yourself to the point where you do have a plan, you’re going to find the whole experience in retirement of actually using this money that you’ve worked so hard to save much more pleasurable and empowering.”
The survey, which polled 2,210 adults aged 45 to 79 with more than $100,000 in investable assets, also found that only 6% of respondents said they would regret dying with money left behind. But 56% said they would regret running out of money before they die.
“You can always prevent running out of money by doing nothing,” said Bryan Pinsky, president of individual retirement and life insurance at Corebridge. “We want them to take action so they can live the retirement that they’ve always dreamed of.”
Retirement pitfalls
To be sure, retirees face plenty of real financial risks. The two biggest concerns cited in the survey were the potential cost of health care in old age and the impact of inflation on people’s purchasing power, with more than 7 in 10 retirees saying those factors caused them to spend less than they’d like.
One commonly cited withdrawal strategy is the “4% rule,” which holds that retirees can spend 4% of their savings in the first year of retirement and then adjust that amount annually for inflation. That guideline has long served as a rule of thumb for balancing spending with the risk of running out of money.
But retirement experts increasingly view the 4% rule as a starting point rather than a universal solution. And it doesn’t account for factors such as market volatility, taxes, investment fees or unusually long retirements, according to Charles Schwab.
The issue may eventually become more problematic for younger Americans. Unlike many older retirees, Gen X and younger workers generally lack traditional pensions that provide guaranteed retirement income, relying more on self-directed saving plans such as 401(k)s. Yet the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s research found that retirees with pension income tend to report greater financial stability.
As a result, some retirement experts place greater emphasis on building reliable income streams in retirement, such as adding annuities to supplement Social Security income. In the Corebridge survey, nearly half of respondents said they would prefer a guaranteed $60,000 in annual income for life over receiving a $1 million lump sum at age 65.
“We all need money in the markets, we all need to be able to keep pace with inflation and we all need that kind of growth,” Pinsky said.
But guaranteed-income products can help retirees cover essential expenses and reduce the fear of outliving their savings, he added.
Edited by Alain Sherter
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